CN111757976A - 具有涡轮机旁路的低压egr系统 - Google Patents

具有涡轮机旁路的低压egr系统 Download PDF

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CN111757976A
CN111757976A CN201980013405.XA CN201980013405A CN111757976A CN 111757976 A CN111757976 A CN 111757976A CN 201980013405 A CN201980013405 A CN 201980013405A CN 111757976 A CN111757976 A CN 111757976A
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exhaust gas
bypass
exhaust
valve
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CN111757976B (zh
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菲利普·克鲁兹齐格
迈克尔·费舍尔
雅罗斯拉夫·基拉特
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Tenneco GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/07—Mixed pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is either taken out upstream of the turbine and reintroduced upstream of the compressor, or is taken out downstream of the turbine and reintroduced downstream of the compressor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0084—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours provided with safety means
    • B01D46/0087—Bypass or safety valves
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    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
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    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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    • F01N3/031—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start
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    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
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    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
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    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
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    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/06—Low pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust downstream of the turbocharger turbine and reintroduced into the intake system upstream of the compressor
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于汽油发动机(2)的废气传导系统(1)，包括可连接至所述汽油发动机(2)的排气歧管(2.1)的排气管路(2.3)、可连接至所述汽油发动机(2)的进气歧管(2.2)的进气管路(2.4)、布置在所述进气管路(2.4)中的增压空气压缩机(4)以及布置在所述排气管路(2.3)中的涡轮机(3)，其中所述排气管路(2.3)包括带有旁通节流阀(1.4)的至少一个旁通管路(1.1)，所述旁通管路(1.1)在所述涡轮机(3)的上游的分支(1.1a)处从所述排气管路(2.3)分支出来，并在所述涡轮机(3)的下游的开口(1.1b)处分支回到所述排气管路(2.3)；所述废气传导系统(1)还包括带有EGR节流阀(1.3)的至少一个废气再循环管路(1.5)，所述废气再循环管路(1.5)在分支(1.5a)处从所述排气管路(2.3)分支出来，并在开口(1.5b)处通向所述进气管路(2.4)；其中所述废气传导系统(1)还包括具有第一节点(1.7a)和第二节点(1.7b)的耦合管路(1.7)，所述旁通管路(1.1)和所述废气再循环管路(1.5)结合到所述耦合管路(1.7)的一些部分中；所述第一节点(1.7a)位于所述废气再循环管路(1.5)的分支(1.5a)的下游和所述旁通管路(1.1)的分支(1.1a)的下游。

Description

具有涡轮机旁路的低压EGR系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于汽油发动机的废气传导系统，包括：可连接至汽油发动机的排气歧管的排气管路、可连接至汽油发动机的进气歧管的进气管路、布置在进气管路中的增压空气压缩机和布置在排气管路中的涡轮机，其中，排气管路包括带有旁通节流阀的至少一个旁通管路，所述旁通管路在所述涡轮机的上游的分支处从所述排气管路分支出来，并在所述涡轮机的下游的开口处分支回到所述排气管路；所述废气传导系统还包括带有EGR节流阀的至少一个废气再循环管路，所述再循环管路在分支处从所述排气管路分支出来，并在开口处通向所述进气管路，其中所述废气传导系统还包括具有第一节点和第二节点的耦合管路，所述旁通管路和所述废气再循环管路结合到所述耦合管路的一些部分中；其中所述耦合管路中布置有至少一个颗粒过滤器；其中所述排气管路中设有废气阀，所述废气阀位于所述废气再循环管路的分支的下游和所述旁通管路的开口的上游；并且其中所述旁通管路额外具有一个旁通阀，所述旁通阀位于第一节点的下游和开口的上游。
背景技术
DE 10 2015 108 223 A1公开了一种已知的用于汽油发动机的废气传导系统。该废气传导系统具有废气再循环管路，该废气再循环管路在压缩机下游的进气管路中打开。另外，该废气传导系统还为涡轮机提供了旁通管路，废气再循环管路在该旁通管路上分支。该废气再循环管路中布置有颗粒过滤器，其中该颗粒过滤器具有用于将一氧化碳、碳氢化合物和氮氧化物进行转化的催化活性涂层。
US 9,593,619B2还公开了一种已知的用于具有废气再循环管路的汽油发动机的废气传导系统。
DE 20 2017 105 126 U1描述了一种具有废气再循环管路和旁通管路的废气传导系统，其中设置有颗粒过滤器，该颗粒过滤器位于废气再循环管路支路上游的旁通管路中。
与柴油发动机不同，汽油发动机的颗粒过滤器无需额外的主动措施即可大量再生，即在正常的汽油发动机框架条件下，保留到该点的颗粒质量(积聚或嵌入碳氢化合物的烟灰颗粒)在燃烧过程中基本上转化为二氧化碳或水。为此，需要超过500℃的足够高温的废气与氧气以进行燃烧。该废气温度是在汽油发动机的非常广泛的运行范围内实现的。由于大多数汽油发动机是按化学计量运行的，因此废气中的氧气含量可能太低，无法充分燃烧过滤器中包含的颗粒质量。在这种情况下，在过渡模式下，汽油发动机的通常超速停车阶段有助于缓解当驾驶员由于缺乏负载要求而出于消耗原因而关闭发动机喷射的这种情况。在发动机制动模式下，由于机动发动机的作用，纯净空气通过废气系统流入。未燃烧的空气与颗粒过滤器中先前已被加热的颗粒接触。如果温度足够高，这些颗粒会着火并燃烧成可通过颗粒过滤器逸出的气体。结果，净化了颗粒过滤器。
从根本上说，根据废气再循环的EGR管路的支路和EGR管路在进气管路中的开度，对废气再循环的三个变型进行区分。涡轮机上游的EGR管路的分支与一个或多个压缩机下游的EGR管路的开口的组合被称为高压EGR(HD-EGR或HP-EGR)。涡轮机上游的EGR管路的分支与一个或多个压缩机上游的EGR管路的开口的组合被称为最大压力EGR(MD-EGR或MP-EGR)。结合本发明使用的在一个或多个涡轮机下游的EGR管路的分支和一个或多个压缩机上游的开口的组合被称为低压EGR(ND-EGR或LP-EGR)。
发明内容
构成本发明基础的目的是形成和布置一种废气传导系统，以确保更大的使用范围和改善的废气净化。
根据本发明，该目的是通过以下事实来实现的，即，第一节点位于废气再循环管路的分支的下游和位于旁通管路的分支的下游，并且旁通节流阀位于第一节点的上游。结果，实现了不仅可以在EGR模式下，而且可以在旁路模式下，将颗粒过滤器用在EGR管路中，其结果是，特别是在冷启动模式下，确保非常快速的加热或熄灭。这尤其是由于以下事实：颗粒过滤器被设计用于需要再循环的废气流；换言之，它相对较小。当汽油发动机处于部分负载模式时，当旁通节流阀关闭且废气阀打开时，EGR废气流也被引导通过颗粒过滤器。
为此，当至少一个颗粒过滤器具有用于转化一氧化碳、碳氢化合物和氮氧化物的催化活性的三元涂层时，也是有利的。因此，可以广泛地净化再循环废气。在此，保护冷却器免于污染和过酸性废气的负荷，从而确保最佳的冷却。
此外，当EGR冷却器设置在位于EGR节流阀的上游以及位于第二节点的下游的废气再循环管路内时是有利的。通过将冷却器定位在颗粒过滤器的下游，可以实现冷却器的最佳效果和效率。
当在排气管路中设置三元废气催化转化器和/或颗粒过滤器时，也是有利的。因此，特别是在充分加热废气之后，实现了主要废气流的净化。
在此，这可能是有利的：在分支与第一节点之间，废气再循环管路没有废气阀或废气门。然而，在废气再循环管路的该部分中，可能需要一个阀门，因为如果没有阀门，则有可能在冷启动阶段之后，所有废气都可能流过涡轮增压器，因此不再能够确保更快地加热第一净化单元的优点。
对于本发明特别重要的是，当EGR节流阀关闭并且旁通阀关闭时，在支路和第一节点之间延伸的废气再循环管路的第一部分可以用作旁通。这确保了有效的线路架构。
结合根据本发明的形式和布置，当在废气再循环管路的第一部分中设置废气阀时是有利的。这样可以确保发动机处于部分负载模式时的MP-EGR。
进一步有利的是，HP废气再循环管路在EGR冷却器的下游设有分支，在增压空气冷却器的下游设有开口。因此，LP-EGR和HP-EGR两种EGR模式仅需要一个EGR冷却器。
此外，当颗粒过滤器位于废气再循环管路的分支的下游和旁通管路的开口的上游的排气管路中时，可能是有利的。因此，两个颗粒过滤器都可以通过耦合管路再生。两个颗粒过滤器，换言之，耦合管路中的颗粒过滤器和排气管路中的颗粒过滤器，可以并行操作，从而可以降低反压。
在此有利的是，设置有废气分流管路，该废气分流管路在颗粒过滤器下游的第二节点处分支，并且在排气管路中在三元催化转化器下游的开口中和/或在排气管路中分支回来。在颗粒过滤器的下游，其中至少一个第一分流阀位于废气分流管路中。因此，在主废气通道中可以绕过颗粒过滤器和/或三元催化转化器。分流部分确保在主废气通道中绕开颗粒过滤器，以减少压力损失。较低的压力损失和较低的反压可改善燃油消耗。在此，应关闭旁通阀，否则可能会漏出未净化的废气。
最后，有利的是，当设置有分流段时，该分流段在第一分流阀之后的分支处分支并且在颗粒过滤器和三元催化转化器之间的开口处向后分支，其中，在分支部的下游侧，分流部中设置有第二分流阀，废气分流管路中设置有第三分流阀。因此，可选地，为了考虑增加的压力损失，可以仅在主废气通道中绕过颗粒过滤器。
此外，该目的通过一种用于运行汽油发动机的方法来实现，所述汽油发动机具有上述废气传导系统或相应的废气系统，其中：
a)当汽油发动机处于冷启动模式时，旁通节流阀和旁通阀打开，而EGR节流阀和废气阀关闭，从而使废气流通过旁通管路和颗粒过滤器经过涡轮机；
b)当汽油发动机处于部分负荷模式时，旁通节流阀和旁通阀关闭，废气阀打开，其中根据工作点，废气质量流量通过EGR节流阀在废气再循环管路中进行调节；
c)当汽油发动机处于满负荷模式或至少接近满负荷模式时，EGR节流阀和旁通阀关闭，废气阀打开，其中被设计为绕过涡轮机的废气质量流量经由旁通管路和废气再循环管路的第一部分被引导至排气管路；其中根据工作点，通过旁通节流阀调节要旁通的废气质量流量。
在满载模式下，也可以通过HP废气再循环管路进行废气再循环，其中HP-EGR节流阀被调节。
为此目的，当经由HP-EGR管路和LP-EGR管路，将增压空气引入排气管路和EGR管路中的颗粒过滤器，和/或使排气管路中的颗粒过滤器再生时，可能是有利的。
附图说明
本发明其它的优势以及细节，在权利要求和说明书中加以说明且在附图中示出。附图中：
图1示出了带有集成了LP-EGR的旁通管路的废气传导系统的原理图。
图2示出了根据图1的带有HP-EGR的原理图。
图3示出了根据图2的带有分流管路的原理示意图。
图4示出了根据图2的原理示意图，其中颗粒过滤器的位置被改变。
具体实施方式
在根据图1至图3所示的示例性实施例的所有原理图中，示出了一种废气传导系统1(EGR系统)，其被集成到具有排气歧管2.1和进气歧管2.2以及具有废气涡轮机3和增压空气压缩机4的汽油发动机2的废气和增压空气系统中。废气和增压空气系统具有排气管路2.3，排气管路2.3连接到汽油发动机2的排气歧管2.1，涡轮机3集成在该排气管路2.3中。在排气管路2.3的末端，废气7离开废气系统1并流入未示出的附加废气路径。另外，本发明还提供了进气管路2.4，所述进气管路2.4连接到汽油发动机2的进气歧管2.2，压缩机4集成在该进气歧管2.2中。进气管路2.4通过未示出的进气系统被供应新鲜空气8。另外，本发明还设有旁通管路1.1，所述旁通管路1.1从排气管路2.3的分支1.1a分支出来，并且在排气管路2.3中的开口1.1b处分支回到涡轮机3的下游。旁通管路1.1具有用于调节气体质量流量的旁通节流阀1.4。
另外，至少一个废气再循环管路1.5、1.5’(EGR管路)设置有EGR节流阀1.3，该EGR节流阀1.3从排气管路2.3上的分支1.5a分支出来，并且在压缩机4上游的开口1.5b处分支回到进气管路2.4中。EGR管路1.5具有EGR冷却器1.6。用于调节EGR管路1.1内的质量流量的EGR节流阀1.3被设置位于EGR冷却器1.6的下游或进气管路2.4的开口1.5b之前。
EGR管路1.5和旁通管路1.1在共享的耦合管路1.7中的第一节点1.7a处打开。耦合管路1.7具有第二节点1.7b，旁通管路1.1和EGR管路1.5再次在该第二节点1.7b处彼此分开地延伸。在耦合管路1.7中设有颗粒过滤器1.2，用于净化要再循环的废气7。颗粒过滤器1.2涂有三元涂层，并另外执行三元催化转化器的任务。
废气阀1.9布置在涡轮机3的下游并且在旁通管路1.1的开口1.1b的上游。在旁通管路1.1的开口1.1b之后的另一路径中，在排气管路2.3中设有三元催化转化器5.1和颗粒过滤器5.2。这两个净化组分也可以形成为具有三元涂层的颗粒过滤器形式的组合四元催化转化器。
在进气管路2.4中设置有增压空气冷却器2.5和增压空气节流阀2.6。
当汽油发动机2处于冷启动模式时，旁通节流阀1.4和旁通阀1.8打开，EGR节流阀1.3和废气阀1.9关闭，以使废气流通过旁通管路1.1经过涡轮机3上的颗粒过滤器1.2，从而实现颗粒过滤器1.2的快速加热。颗粒过滤器1.2相对较小，因为它仅被设计用于再循环废气质量流量和用于在冷启动阶段中的废气质量流量。但是，在冷启动阶段，它可以确保在通过三元催化转化器5.1和颗粒过滤器5.2最终净化废气之前，对废气进行最佳的预净化。
当汽油发动机2处于部分负荷模式时，旁通节流阀1.4和旁通阀1.8关闭，废气阀1.9打开。根据工作点，通过EGR节流阀1.3在EGR管路1.5内调节废气质量流量。
当汽油发动机2处于满负荷模式或至少接近满负荷模式时，EGR节流阀1.3和旁通阀1.8关闭，废气阀1.9打开。取决于工作点，通过旁通节流阀1.4来调节要被引导通过涡轮机3的废气质量流量。废气质量流量经由旁通管路1.1和废气再循环管路1.5的第一部分1.5’被引入排气管路2.3。
通常，由于废气7中已经存在过量的氧气，因此当发动机处于超速运行模式时，通过过滤后的颗粒的氧化可以实现颗粒过滤器1.5、5.2的再生。
根据图2所示，其提供了高压废气再循环管路9(HP-EGR管路)，可以用作增压空气再循环的替代方案。HP-EGR管路9具有HP-EGR节流阀9.3、位于EGR冷却器1.6下游的分支9.1以及位于增压空气冷却器2.5下游的开口9.2。另外，本发明还提供了废气阀6，该废气阀6位于EGR线1.5的在第一节点1.7a和分支1.5a之间的部分1.5’中。在HP-EGR模式下，废气阀6、旁通阀1.8和LP-EGR节流阀1.3关闭。根据工作点，通过HP-EGR节流阀9.3在HP-EGR管路9内调节废气质量流量。主废气质量流量在打开的废气阀1.9上通过排气管路2.3引导。
根据图3所示的示例性实施例，提供了废气分流管路10。废气分流管路10在第二节点1.7b处分支，并且在开口10.2中且在颗粒过滤器5.2的下游分支回到排气管路2.3中。第一分流阀10.1设置在废气分流管路10中，通过该第一分流阀10.1可以将废气分流管路10密封。经由废气分流管路10，可以将废气7引导通过两个主要的净化部件，即三元催化转化器5.1和颗粒过滤器5.2。
此外，在废气分流管路10上设有另一分流段10.7(以虚线示出)。分流段10.7在第一分流阀10.1的下游的分支10.6处分支出来，并在三元催化转化器和颗粒过滤器5.2之间分支回来。另外，通过设置第二分流阀10.3和第三分流阀10.5，使得废气流可以在三元催化转化器5.1和颗粒过滤器5.2之间或在颗粒过滤器5.2之后再循环到排气管路2.3中。
根据图4所示的示例性实施例，颗粒过滤器5.2位于分支1.5a与废气阀1.9之间。为了再生的目的，增压空气可以通过HP-EGR管路9和LP-EGR管路1.5以及通过耦合管路被引导到颗粒过滤器1.2中，并通过HP-EGR管路9和LP-EGR管路1.5以及通过耦合管路1.7进一步进入排气管路2.3和位于其中的颗粒过滤器5.2。
元件符号清单
1 废气传导系统/废气系统
1.1 旁通管路
1.1a 旁通管路1.1的分支
1.1b 旁通管路1.1的开口
1.2 颗粒过滤器、涂层
1.3 EGR节流阀
1.4 旁通节流阀
1.5 废气再循环管路、LP-EGR管路
1.5’ EGR管路的第一部分
1.5a EGR管路1.5的分支
1.5b EGR管路1.5的开口
1.6 冷却器，EGR冷却器
1.7 旁通管路1.1和废气再循环管路1.5的耦合管路
1.7a 耦合管路1.7的第一节点
1.7b 耦合管路1.7的第二节点
1.8 旁通阀
1.9 废气阀
2 汽油发动机
2.1 排气歧管
2.2 进气歧管
2.3 排气管路
2.4 进气管路
2.5 增压空气冷却器
2.6 增压空气节流阀
3 涡轮机
4 压缩机，空气压缩机
5.1 催化转化器、三元催化转化器
5.2 颗粒过滤器
6 废气阀
7 废气
8 新鲜空气
9 高压废气再循环管路、HP-EGR管路
9.1 HP-EGR管路的分支
9.2 HP-EGR管路的开口
9.3 HP-EGR节流阀
10 废气分流管路
10.1 第一分流阀
10.2 开口
10.3 第二分流阀
10.4 开口
10.5 第三分流阀
10.6 分支
10.7 分流段

Claims (14)

1.一种用于汽油发动机(2)的废气传导系统(1)，包括可连接至所述汽油发动机(2)的排气歧管(2.1)的排气管路(2.3)、可连接至所述汽油发动机(2)的进气歧管(2.2)的进气管路(2.4)、布置在所述进气管路(2.4)中的增压空气压缩机(4)以及布置在所述排气管路(2.3)中的涡轮机(3)，其中所述排气管路(2.3)包括带有旁通节流阀(1.4)的至少一个旁通管路(1.1)，所述旁通管路(1.1)在所述涡轮机(3)的上游的分支(1.1a)处从所述排气管路(2.3)分支出来，并在所述涡轮机(3)的下游的开口(1.1b)处分支回到所述排气管路(2.3)；所述废气传导系统(1)还包括带有EGR节流阀(1.3)的至少一个废气再循环管路(1.5)，所述废气再循环管路(1.5)在分支(1.5a)处从所述排气管路(2.3)分支出来，并在开口(1.5b)处通向所述进气管路(2.4)；其中所述废气传导系统(1)还包括具有第一节点(1.7a)和第二节点(1.7b)的耦合管路(1.7)，所述旁通管路(1.1)和所述废气再循环管路(1.5)结合到所述耦合管路(1.7)的一些部分中；其中所述耦合管路(1.7)中布置有至少一个颗粒过滤器(1.2)；其中所述排气管路(2.3)中设有废气阀(1.9)，所述废气阀(1.9)位于所述废气再循环管路(1.5)的分支(1.5a)的下游和所述旁通管路(1.1)的开口(1.1b)的上游；其中所述旁通管路(1.1)额外具有一个旁通阀(1.8)，所述旁通阀(1.8)位于所述第一节点(1.7a)的下游和开口(1.1b)的上游；
其特征在于：
所述第一节点(1.7a)位于所述废气再循环管路(1.5)的分支(1.5a)的下游和所述旁通管路(1.1)的分支(1.1a)的下游，并且所述旁通节流阀(1.4)位于所述第一节点(1.7a)的上游。
2.根据权利要求1所述的废气传导系统(1)，其特征在于：所述至少一个颗粒过滤器(1.2)具有催化活性的三元涂层，用于转化一氧化碳、碳氢化合物和氮氧化物。
3.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的废气传导系统(1)，其特征在于：所述废气再循环管路(1.5)内设有EGR冷却器(1.6)，所述EGR冷却器(1.6)位于所述EGR节流阀(1.3)的上游以及所述第二节点(1.7b)的下游。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的废气传导系统(1)，其特征在于：所述排气管路(2.3)中设有位于所述旁通管路(1.1)的开口(1.1b)的下游的三元催化转化器(5.1)和/或颗粒过滤器(5.2)。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的废气传导系统(1)，其特征在于：所述废气再循环管路(1.5)在分支(1.5a)和第一节点(1.7a)之间未设有废气阀或废气门。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的废气传导系统(1)，其特征在于：当所述EGR节流阀(1.3)关闭且当所述旁通阀(1.8)关闭时，所述废气再循环管路(1.5)在分支(1.5a)和第一节点(1.7a)之间延伸的第一部分(1.5’)可用作旁路。
7.根据权利要求6所述的废气传导系统(1)，其特征在于：所述废气再循环管路(1.5)的第一部分(1.5’)中设置有废气阀(6)。
8.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的废气传导系统(1)，其特征在于：还设有高压废气再循环管路(9)，所述高压废气再循环管路(9)具有位于所述EGR冷却器(1.6)的下游的分支(9.1)和位于增压空气冷却器(2.5)的下游的开口(9.2)。
9.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的废气传导系统(1)，其特征在于：所述颗粒过滤器(5.2)位于所述排气管路(2.3)中，且所述颗粒过滤器(5.2)位于所述废气再循环管路(1.5)的分支(1.5a)的下游和所述旁通管路(1.1)的开口(1.1b)的上游。
10.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的废气传导系统(1)，其特征在于：还设有废气分流管路(10)，所述废气分流管路(10)在所述颗粒过滤器(1.2)的下游的第二节点(1.7b)处分支出来，并在所述三元催化转化器(5.1)下游和/或所述颗粒过滤器(5.2)下游的开口(10.2)处分支回到所述排气管路(2.3)中；其中至少一个第一分流阀(10.1)位于所述废气分流管路(10)中。
11.根据权利要求10所述的废气传导系统(1)，其特征在于：还设有分流部分(10.7)，所述分流部分(10.7)在所述第一分流阀(10.1)之后的分支(10.6)处分支出来，并在位于所述颗粒过滤器(5.2)和所述三元催化转化器(5.1)之间的开口(10.4)处分支回来；其中所述分流部分(10.7)中设有第二分流阀(10.3)，在分支(10.6)的下游的废气分流(10)中设有第三分流阀(10.5)。
12.一种废气系统和/或汽油发动机(2)，包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的废气传导系统(1)。
13.一种用于操作汽油发动机(2)的方法，所述汽油发动机(2)具有根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的废气传导系统(1)或废气系统，其特征在于：
a)当所述汽油发动机(2)处于冷启动模式时，所述旁通节流阀(1.4)和所述旁通阀(1.8)打开，所述EGR节流阀(1.3)和所述废气阀(1.9)关闭，使得废气流通过所述旁通管路(1.1)和所述颗粒过滤器(1.2)经过所述涡轮机(3)；
b)当所述汽油发动机(2)处于部分负载模式时，所述旁通节流阀(1.4)和所述旁通阀(1.8)关闭，所述废气阀(1.9)打开；其中取决于发动机的工作点，通过所述EGR节流阀(1.3)调节所述废气再循环管路(1.5)中的废气质量流量；
c)当所述汽油发动机(2)处于满负荷模式或至少接近所述满负荷模式时，所述EGR节流阀(1.3)和所述旁通阀(1.8)关闭，所述废气阀(1.9)打开；其中设计成绕过所述涡轮机(3)的废气质量流量经由所述旁通管路(1.1)和所述废气再循环管路(1.5)的第一部分(1.5’)被引导至所述排气管路(2.3)；其中根据发动机的工作点，通过所述旁通节流阀(1.4)调节要旁通的废气质量流量。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于：增压空气通过高压废气再循环管路(9)和低压废气再循环管路(1.5)被引入排气管路(2.3)，并使所述颗粒过滤器(5.2)再生。
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