CN111757966B - 复合声学层 - Google Patents

复合声学层 Download PDF

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CN111757966B
CN111757966B CN201980009349.2A CN201980009349A CN111757966B CN 111757966 B CN111757966 B CN 111757966B CN 201980009349 A CN201980009349 A CN 201980009349A CN 111757966 B CN111757966 B CN 111757966B
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acoustic layer
composite acoustic
composite
nonwoven
layer
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CN111757966A (zh
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R·O·拉什
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Lobona
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    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/60—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in dry state, e.g. thermo-activatable agents in solid or molten state, and heat being applied subsequently
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    • B60N3/048—Arrangements or adaptations of other passenger fittings, not otherwise provided for of floor mats or carpets characterised by their structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
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    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
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    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种复合声学层，其包括由线密度为2‑25dtex的长丝构成的第一非织造材料，其中第一非织造材料为热粘非织造材料，并且包括连接到第一非织造材料的第二非织造材料，其中第二非织造材料为梳理短纤维非织造物，并且其中所述复合声学层具有100‑500g/m2的总重量。

Description

复合声学层
技术领域
本发明涉及一种声学层，特别是用于汽车应用的声学层。
背景技术
声学层可用于诸如噪声振动刺耳(NVH)产品的产品中，例如用于汽车地板产品中，例如簇绒汽车地毯或仪表板系统中，这有助于使车辆更安静。
在汽车地板产品中用作声学层的已知产品是微纤非织造物，例如可由Freudenberg获得的
Figure GDA0003897526510000011
或气流成网非织造物。这些微纤非织造物或气流成网非织造物声学层被放置在地毯的背面上。然而，使用一层气流成网非织造物非常难以满足，更不用说超过汽车工业中的吸收和隔绝目标。
然而，仍需要改善声学层的声学性能和/或降低最终的噪声振动刺耳(NVH)产品的重量。
本发明的目的是提供一种声学层，其具有改善的声学性能和/或能够使最终的噪声振动刺耳产品的重量减小。
发明内容
本发明的目的通过一种复合声学层来实现，所述复合声学层包括由线密度为2-50dtex的长丝构成的第一非织造材料，其中第一非织造材料为热粘非织造材料，并且包括连接到第一非织造材料的第二非织造材料，其中第二非织造材料为梳理短纤维非织造物，并且其中所述复合声学层具有100-500g/m2的总重量。
本发明的复合声学层可为吸声层，其可用于诸如噪声振动刺耳(NVH)产品的产品中，其有助于使车辆更安静、更轻和更经济。与现有技术的厚的、蓬松的气流成网声学层相比，所述复合声学层可被认为是薄的、轻质的、刚性的声学层。所述复合声学层具有100-500g/m2的总重量。
所述复合声学层能够承受苛刻的汽车工艺，同时在最终的复合零件和/或最终的噪声振动刺耳产品中达到所需的气流阻力(AFR)/雷耳范围值。所述复合声学层可在两个不同的雷耳范围内可用，例如一个用于加工，一个用于现货。例如，现货产品可具有针对全覆盖的AFR/雷耳范围值，和/或策略性地放置以用于需要额外声学支持的期望区域的染色裁切片(dye cut piece)或者用于加工的产品可为用于全覆盖的半加工声学层，其可在汽车加工期间承受并发展到所需的AFR/雷耳范围值，在汽车加工期间，伴随压力模制呈现热和冷的温度。
取决于汽车地板产品(例如簇绒汽车地毯)或仪表板系统的制造商所需的和/或汽车制造商所需的，所述复合声学层的雷耳值可为300-7500雷耳，优选为500-5500雷耳。雷耳值是特征声阻抗，其中1雷耳等于1Pa·s/m。
现货产品的复合声学层可具有500-5500雷耳，优选3500-5500雷耳的雷耳值，以用于全覆盖和/或策略性地放置以用于需要额外声学支持的期望区域的染色裁切片。
对于半加工的复合声学层，该复合声学层的雷耳值可为300-1500雷耳，优选为500-1200雷耳，其在伴随压力模制呈现热和冷温的汽车加工期间可以发展到3700-5500雷耳。本发明的复合声学层可利用在伴随压力模制呈现热和冷温的汽车加工期间遇到的条件，从而在噪声振动刺耳(NVH)产品中获得3700-5500雷耳的雷耳值。
所述复合声学层能够使得噪声振动刺耳(NVH)产品实现至少10dB，优选至少20dB的降低，根据ASTM E1050的阻抗管测量确定。
所述复合声学层包括由线密度为2-50dtex的长丝组成的第一非织造材料，其中第一非织造材料为热粘非织造材料，并且包括连接到第一非织造材料的第二非织造材料，其中第二非织造材料为梳理短纤维非织造物，其能够使得复合声学层具有所需的气流阻力(AFR)或雷耳范围，这确保了包括该复合声学层的噪声振动刺耳(NVH)产品的声学性能，同时使得所述噪声振动刺耳产品能够具有相对低的重量。
所述复合声学层可视为隔音体、去耦器，并且可用于例如汽车领域、商业或住宅地板以及其它可能需要噪声衰减的建筑产品中。
所述复合声学层提供了优异的吸收性能和适度的传声损失(STL)性能，优选根据ASTM E90测定。
所述复合声学层至少包括由线密度为5-50dtex的长丝组成的第一非织造材料，其中第一非织造材料为热粘非织造材料，并且包括连接到第一非织造材料的第二非织造材料，其中第二非织造材料为梳理短纤维非织造物，并且其中所述复合声学层具有100-500g/m2的总重量。
第一非织造材料优选由线密度为5-25dtex，优选为6-20dtex，更优选为7-15dtex的长丝组成，由此使得第一非织造材料能够具有相对高的表面开孔度，从而当复合声学层的第一非织造材料附着到原纱地毯的背面，即绒头纱线成簇的地毯基底布时，或者当附着到其它基底的背面，例如气流成网非织造物、针刺非织造物、豪华胶地板，或墙板或天花板时，允许用聚合物涂层，例如包含聚乙烯或由聚乙烯构成的涂层浸渍复合声学层的第一非织造材料，同时保持一定的孔隙率以达到包括该复合声学层的最终噪声振动刺耳(NVH)产品(例如簇绒地毯)的所需气流阻力(AFR)或雷耳范围。已观察到，由线密度小于5dtex的长丝组成的非织造材料在用聚合物涂层浸渍时(几乎)完全封闭，这将气流阻力提高到非常高的水平，这将使得第一非织造材料不适合用于噪声振动刺耳(NVH)产品的预期目的。
当第一非织造材料浸渍有聚合物涂层时，复合声学层中保留的孔隙率足以提供用于声音传播到复合声学层中并在复合声学层内吸收和耗散的曲折路径。本发明的复合声学层提供了多层、薄、轻质、可加工的声学材料，其可承受汽车加工中的温度和压力以获得噪声振动刺耳声(NVH)产品，例如轻质地板产品、仪表板和行李箱系统。
当第一非织造材料浸渍有聚合物涂层时，复合声学层中保留的孔隙率足够低，以防止声音直接穿过声学层。例如，从车辆外部通过车窗密封件的声音、发动机和车轮噪声可能进入车辆，或者来自谈话、无线电等的声音可能存在于车辆内部。这些声音可能被硬表面如玻璃窗、仪表板和门塑料反射。当地板系统非常多孔时，声音将直接穿过地板系统，直至声音撞击车厢下的金属并且再次反射通过地板系统回到车辆的车厢中，这对车辆的车厢中的声学是有害的。
所述复合声学层也可有利地与其它基底结合使用，例如气流成网非织造物、针刺非织造物、豪华胶地板、墙板或天花板、壁纸或其它地板、墙壁或天花板产品。
尽管由于第一非织造材料的相对高的表面开孔度，复合声学层的第一非织造材料的气流阻力(AFR)/雷耳值非常低，例如小于100雷耳，然而第一非织造材料与第二梳理短纤维非织造物的组合确保复合声学层具有足够高的气流阻力，同时避免复合声学层在用聚合物涂层浸渍时被完全封闭。
所述复合声学层可包括粘合剂材料，优选粘合剂粉末，其粘合到复合声学层的第一非织造材料和/或第二非织造材料，使得能够进一步提高复合声学层的气流阻力。优选地，该复合声学层中所含的粘合剂材料具有10-100g/m2，更优选10-50g/m2，更优选12-25g/m2的重量。
第一非织造层的长丝的相对高的线密度提高了复合声学层的刚度，特别是当长丝具有通过机械拉伸长丝而获得的高模量时，发现这在多层吸收器/去耦声学层中是有利的。在一个实施方案中，第一非织造层的长丝为双组分芯/鞘长丝，由于在双组分芯/鞘长丝的相交处的高频热粘合点，这进一步提高了复合声学层的刚度。
复合声学层的第一非织造材料为热粘非织造物，其中长丝在长丝交点处粘合。优选地，第一非织造材料包含具有第一熔融温度的第一聚合物和具有低于第一熔融温度的第二熔融温度的第二聚合物，从而允许第一非织造材料在第二聚合物熔融或至少软化的温度和压力下热粘合，以在长丝交叉点处，即在长丝交点处形成粘合点。
复合声学层的第一非织造材料的第一聚合物可为能够承受在制造NVH产品，特别是汽车簇绒地毯的工艺期间遇到的温度的任何聚合物。优选地，第一聚合物为聚酯，其可选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯或聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯，或聚酰胺，例如聚酰胺-6，或其共混物或共聚物。优选地，第一聚合物为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
复合声学层的第一非织造材料的第二聚合物可为具有比第一聚合物更低的熔融温度的任何聚合物。优选地，第二聚合物为聚酰胺或其共聚物，例如聚酰胺-6，或聚酯，例如聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯或其共聚物，或聚烯烃，例如聚乙烯或聚丙烯或其共聚物。
在一个实施方案中，第一聚合物可形成第一单组分长丝，并且第二聚合物可形成第二单组分长丝，即第一聚合物包含在第一单组分长丝中，并且第二聚合物包含在第二单组分长丝中。
在另一实施方案中，第一聚合物可形成双组分长丝的第一组分，并且第二聚合物可形成双组分长丝的第二组分，即第一聚合物包含在双组分长丝的第一组分中，并且第二聚合物包含在双组分长丝的第二组分中，以进一步提高复合声学层的断裂强度和/或刚度。双组分长丝可具有任何构造，包括芯/鞘双组分长丝、并排型双组分长丝或海岛型双组分长丝。双组分长丝优选为芯/鞘双组分长丝。
复合声学层的第二非织造材料为梳理短纤维非织造物。第二非织造材料可为热粘梳理短纤维非织造物。当复合声学层的第一非织造层和第二非织造层二者都被热粘合时，复合声学层可仅由热塑性聚合物构成，这改善了复合声学层的可回收性。
复合声学层中所含的第二非织造材料优选由线密度为6dtex或更小，优选3dtex或更小，更优选2dtex或更小的短纤维构成。降低复合声学层的第二非织造材料中所含的短纤维的线密度能够在恒定气流阻力或雷耳值的情况下降低复合声学层的总重量。
复合声学层的第二非织造材料的短纤维可由任何合适的材料制成，包括聚酯，例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯或聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯，聚酰胺，例如聚酰胺-6，聚烯烃，例如聚乙烯或聚丙烯，或其共混物或共聚物。
复合声学层的第二非织造材料也可包含至少两种类型的单组分短纤维的共混物。
复合声学层的第二非织造材料的短纤维也可为双组分短纤维。双组分短纤维可具有任何构造，包括芯/鞘双组分短纤维、并排型双组分短纤维或海岛型双组分短纤维。双组分短纤维优选为芯/鞘双组分短纤维。
在一个实施方案中，复合声学层的第二非织造材料的短纤维为芯/鞘双组分短纤维。优选地，芯/鞘双组分短纤维包含聚酯芯，更优选聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯芯，和聚烯烃鞘，更优选聚乙烯鞘。
第一非织造材料和第二非织造材料可通过任何合适的技术接合或连接在一起，例如通过经由第一非织造材料和/或第二非织造材料的聚合物的热粘合、通过机械粘合例如通过机械针刺或通过水刺，或通过使用粘合剂。
在优选实施方案中，复合声学层的第二非织造材料通过热粘合或通过使用粘合剂而连接到第一非织造材料，而不施加机械粘合，以便改善复合声学层的机械性能，特别是复合声学层的断裂强度和/或刚度，因为机械粘合可能对第一非织造材料的长丝造成一些损坏。
粘合剂可选择成使得粘合剂在汽车加工期间遇到的温度和压力条件下熔融或至少软化，从而提高复合声学层的气流阻力或雷耳值。
粘合剂可为粘合剂膜、粘合剂网或粘合剂粉末，例如聚烯烃粉末，例如聚乙烯粉末。粘合剂也可使用吻合辊或喷涂技术以乳液或分散体形式施加。优选地，粘合剂为聚乙烯粉末。粘合剂可例如具有约20g/m2的重量。粘合剂可在复合声学层的第一非织造物和第二非织造物之间形成粘合层。通过提高粘合层的重量，可提高复合声学层的雷耳值。
粘合剂可为粘合剂膜，特别是有孔粘合剂膜，其能够在复合声学层的第一非织造物和第二非织造物之间形成粘合层。通过提高有孔粘合剂膜的重量，或者通过减小粘合剂膜中的孔的尺寸和/或数量，可提高复合声学层的雷耳值。
所述复合声学层可包括例如由聚烯烃膜，优选聚乙烯(PE)膜构成的其他层，这提高了复合声学层的隔音传输/插入损耗(STL)，并为复合声学层和/或噪声振动刺耳产品提供湿度控制和蒸气阻隔性能。
本发明的复合声学层可以以相对低的重量提供足够的声学性能，这在汽车工业中是非常希望的。复合声学层的重量可有利地为30g/m2或更小，优选为200g/m2或更小，更优选为150g/m2或更小。
优选地，复合声学层的第一非织造材料的重量为20-150g/m2，更优选为25-125g/m2，甚至更优选为25-100g/m2，最优选为40-75g/m2。
优选地，复合声学层中所含的粘合剂的重量为10-100g/m2，更优选为10-50g/m2，更优选为12-25g/m2。
优选地，复合声学层的第二非织造材料的重量为25-100g/m2，更优选为40-75g/m2。
复合声学层的纵向断裂强度为至少150N/5cm，优选为至少200N/5cm，更优选为至少300N/5cm，根据DIN/ISO 9073-3，日期1996年10月测定。
复合声学层的横向断裂强度为至少150N/5cm，优选为至少200N/5cm，更优选为至少300N/5cm。
复合声学层的纵向断裂伸长率可为至少25％，优选为至少30％，更优选为至少35％，根据DIN/ISO 9073-3，日期1996年10月测定。
复合声学层的横向断裂伸长率为至少40％，优选为至少50％，更优选为至少60％。
复合声学层在纵向上在2％指定伸长率下的载荷(LASE2)为至少80N/5cm，优选为至少100N/5cm，更优选为至少125N/5cm，根据DIN/ISO9073-3，日期1996年10月测定。
复合声学层在横向上在2％指定伸长率下的载荷(LASE2)为至少50N/5cm，优选为至少60N/5cm，更优选为至少75N/5cm，根据DIN/ISO9073-3，日期1996年10月测定。
具有该断裂强度、断裂伸长率和/或2％指定伸长率下的载荷的优选范围的复合声学层特别适于适应汽车加工中遇到的模制工艺。
所述复合声学层可与气流成网非织造物组合。然而，与现有技术的包括气流成网非织造物的声学层相比，当气流成网非织造物与本发明的复合声学层组合时，气流成网非织造物的重量可减小至多50％，从而在噪声振动刺耳(NVH)产品中，特别是在汽车地板产品(例如簇绒汽车地毯)中，或在仪表板系统中获得类似的声学性能。
优选地，复合声学层位于气流成网非织造物和涂覆地毯的背面之间，以提高地板系统的整体声学能力，从而超过或至少满足噪声振动刺耳(NVH)产品的吸收和/或隔绝目标。
所述复合声学层还可有利地用于商业或住宅地板产品中以作为附加或替代的声学层或去耦器，从而提高地板产品的插入损耗和吸声。
所述复合声学层也可有利地在浇注下用于浮动混凝土地板、墙板或天花板，或壁纸。
本发明的复合声学层可以以相对小的厚度提供足够的声学性能。复合声学层的厚度可有利地为10mm或更小，优选为5mm或更小，更优选为2.5mm或更小，根据DIN/ISO9073-2，日期1996年10月测定。
具体实施方式
实施例1
提供55.2g/m2的梳理短纤维非织造织物，其由线密度为2dtex、短纤维长度为2英寸(5.1mm)的芯/鞘双组分短纤维构成。所述双组分短纤维包含50重量％的由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯构成的芯和50重量％的由聚乙烯构成的鞘。在烘箱之前，通过两个涂布器将聚乙烯粉末以9.2g/m2的量施加到梳理短纤维非织造物上。在140℃的温度下，在烘箱的出口辊隙处，将包含PE粉末的干燥梳理短纤维非织造物与由线密度为15dtex的芯/鞘双组分长丝构成的非织造物组合，从而形成复合声学层，所述芯/鞘双组分长丝包含76重量％的由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯构成的芯和24重量％的由聚酰胺-6构成的鞘，并且重量为50g/m2。
所述复合声学层具有114.4g/m2的总平均重量和0.5mm的平均厚度。所述复合声学层具有15Pa·s/m的平均气流阻力(AFR)，对应于390雷耳。
所述复合声学层的平均断裂强度为326N/5cm(纵向)和210N/5cm(横向)，平均断裂伸长率为39％(纵向)和66％(横向)，并且在2％指定伸长率下的载荷为125N/5cm(纵向)和59N/5cm(横向)。
实施例2
提供75.3g/m2的梳理短纤维非织造织物，其由线密度为2dtex、短纤维长度为2英寸(5.1mm)的芯/鞘双组分短纤维构成。所述双组分短纤维包含50重量％的由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯构成的芯和50重量％的由聚乙烯构成的鞘。在烘箱之前，通过两个涂布器将聚乙烯粉末以9.2g/m2的量施加到梳理短纤维非织造物上。在140℃的温度下，在烘箱的出口辊隙处，将包含PE粉末的干燥梳理短纤维非织造物与由线密度为15dtex的芯/鞘双组分长丝构成的非织造物组合，从而形成复合声学层，所述芯/鞘双组分长丝包含76重量％的由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯构成的芯和24重量％的由聚酰胺-6构成的鞘，并且重量为50g/m2。
所述复合声学层具有134.5g/m2的总平均重量和0.5mm的平均厚度。所述复合声学层具有23Pa·s/m的平均气流阻力，对应于598雷耳。
所述复合声学层的平均断裂强度为378N/5cm(纵向)和259N/5cm(横向)，平均断裂伸长率为39％(纵向)和63％(横向)，并且在2％指定伸长率下的载荷为141N/5cm(纵向)和81N/5cm(横向)。
实施例3
提供75.3g/m2的梳理短纤维非织造织物，其由线密度为2dtex、短纤维长度为2英寸(5.1mm)的芯/鞘双组分短纤维构成。所述双组分短纤维包含50重量％的由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯构成的芯和50重量％的由聚乙烯构成的鞘。在烘箱之前，通过两个涂布器将聚乙烯粉末以13.4g/m2的量施加到梳理短纤维非织造物上。在140℃的温度下，在烘箱的出口辊隙处，将包含PE粉末的干燥梳理短纤维非织造物与由线密度为15dtex的芯/鞘双组分长丝构成的非织造物组合，从而形成复合声学层，所述芯/鞘双组分长丝包含76重量％的由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯构成的芯和24重量％的由聚酰胺-6构成的鞘，并且重量为50g/m2。
所述复合声学层具有138.7g/m2的总平均重量和0.5mm的平均厚度。所述复合声学层的平均气流阻力为30Pa·s/m，对应于780雷耳。
所述复合声学层的平均断裂强度为410N/5cm(纵向)和306N/5cm(横向)，平均断裂伸长率为42％(纵向)和68％(横向)，并且在2％指定伸长率下的载荷为143N/5cm(纵向)和88N/5cm(横向)。
实施例4
提供75.3g/m2的梳理短纤维非织造织物，其由线密度为2dtex、短纤维长度为2英寸(5.1mm)的芯/鞘双组分短纤维构成。所述双组分短纤维包含50重量％的由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯构成的芯和50重量％的由聚乙烯构成的鞘。在烘箱之前，通过两个涂布器将聚乙烯粉末以16.7g/m2的量施加到梳理短纤维非织造物上。在140℃的温度下，在烘箱的出口辊隙处，将包含PE粉末的干燥梳理短纤维非织造物与由线密度为15dtex的芯/鞘双组分长丝构成的非织造物组合，从而形成复合声学层，所述芯/鞘双组分长丝包含76重量％的由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯构成的芯和24重量％的由聚酰胺-6构成的鞘，并且重量为50g/m2。
所述复合声学层具有142g/m2的总平均重量和0.5mm的平均厚度。所述复合声学层的平均气流阻力为35Pa·s/m，对应于910雷耳。
所述复合声学层的平均断裂强度为422N/5cm(纵向)和330N/5cm(横向)，平均断裂伸长率为39％(纵向)和69％(横向)，并且在2％指定伸长率下的载荷为155N/5cm(纵向)和97N/5cm(横向)。
实施例5
提供100.3g/m2的梳理短纤维非织造布，其由线密度为2dtex、短纤维长度为2英寸(5.1mm)的芯/鞘双组分短纤维构成。所述双组分短纤维包含50重量％的由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯构成的芯和50重量％的由聚乙烯构成的鞘。在烘箱之前，通过两个涂布器将聚乙烯粉末以16.7g/m2的量施加到梳理短纤维非织造物上。在140℃的温度下，在烘箱的出口辊隙处，将包含PE粉末的干燥梳理短纤维非织造物与由线密度为15dtex的芯/鞘双组分长丝构成的非织造物组合，从而形成复合声学层，所述芯/鞘双组分长丝包含76重量％的由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯构成的芯和24重量％的由聚酰胺-6构成的鞘，并且具有50g/m2的重量。
所述复合声学层具有167g/m2的总平均重量和0.6mm的平均厚度。所述复合声学层具有55Pa·s/m的平均气流阻力，对应于1430雷耳。
所述复合声学层的平均断裂强度为494N/5cm(纵向)和333N/5cm(横向)，平均断裂伸长率为45％(纵向)和70％(横向)，并且在2％的特定伸长率下的载荷为170N/5cm(纵向)和101N/5cm(横向)。

Claims (22)

1.一种复合声学层，其包括由线密度为2-50dtex的长丝构成的第一非织造材料，其中第一非织造材料为热粘非织造材料，并且包括连接到第一非织造材料的第二非织造材料，其中第二非织造材料为梳理短纤维非织造物，并且其中所述复合声学层具有100-500g/m2的总重量，
其中第一非织造材料包含具有第一熔融温度的第一聚合物和具有低于第一熔融温度的第二熔融温度的第二聚合物，所述第一聚合物为聚酯，或聚酰胺，或其共混物或共聚物和所述第二聚合物为聚酰胺或其共聚物，或聚酯或其共聚物，或聚烯烃或其共聚物，
其中第二非织造材料为由具有6dtex或更小的线密度的短纤维构成的梳理短纤维非织造物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合声学层，其中第一聚合物包含在第一单组分长丝中，并且第二聚合物包含在第二单组分长丝中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合声学层，其中第一聚合物包含在双组分长丝的第一组分中，并且第二聚合物包含在双组分长丝的第二组分中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合声学层，其中所述复合声学层包含粘合剂。
5.根据权利要求2所述的复合声学层，其中所述复合声学层包含粘合剂。
6.根据权利要求3所述的复合声学层，其中所述复合声学层包含粘合剂。
7.根据权利要求4所述的复合声学层，其中所述粘合剂为粘合剂粉末。
8.根据权利要求5所述的复合声学层，其中所述粘合剂为粘合剂粉末。
9.根据权利要求6所述的复合声学层，其中所述粘合剂为粘合剂粉末。
10.根据权利要求7所述的复合声学层，其中所述粘合剂粉末为聚乙烯粉末。
11.根据权利要求8所述的复合声学层，其中所述粘合剂粉末为聚乙烯粉末。
12.根据权利要求9所述的复合声学层，其中所述粘合剂粉末为聚乙烯粉末。
13.根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的复合声学层，其中第二非织造材料为由具有3dtex或更小的线密度的短纤维构成的梳理短纤维非织造物。
14.根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的复合声学层，其中所述复合声学层具有300-7500雷耳的雷耳值。
15.根据权利要求13所述的复合声学层，其中所述复合声学层具有300-7500雷耳的雷耳值。
16.根据权利要求14所述的复合声学层，其中所述复合声学层具有3500-7500雷耳的雷耳值。
17.根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的复合声学层，其中所述复合声学层具有10mm或更小的厚度。
18.根据权利要求16所述的复合声学层，其中所述复合声学层具有10mm或更小的厚度。
19.一种噪声振动刺耳产品，其包括根据权利要求1-18中任一项所述的复合声学层。
20.根据权利要求19所述的噪声振动刺耳产品，其中复合声学层附着于基底。
21.根据权利要求19所述的噪声振动刺耳产品，其中所述噪声振动刺耳产品具有3700-5500雷耳的雷耳值。
22.根据权利要求19-21中任一项的噪声振动刺耳产品，其中所述噪声振动刺耳产品为簇绒汽车地毯、仪表板系统或行李箱系统。
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