CN111748043A - 一种嵌合抗原受体及其应用 - Google Patents

一种嵌合抗原受体及其应用 Download PDF

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CN111748043A
CN111748043A CN202010636413.4A CN202010636413A CN111748043A CN 111748043 A CN111748043 A CN 111748043A CN 202010636413 A CN202010636413 A CN 202010636413A CN 111748043 A CN111748043 A CN 111748043A
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种嵌合抗原受体及其应用,所述嵌合抗原受体包括抗原结合结构域、跨膜结构域和胞内结构域串联而成;其中,所述抗原结合结构域结合肿瘤表面抗原,所述肿瘤抗原为TGFβ,所述抗原结合结构域为针对肿瘤抗原TGFβ的单链抗体。本发明的嵌合抗原受体相比于其他嵌合抗原受体和其他肿瘤抗原有更好的效果,且具有安全性和长效性,对于实体瘤确实达到很好的疗效。

Description

一种嵌合抗原受体及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及肿瘤的细胞免疫治疗领域,尤其涉及一种嵌合抗原受体及其应用,具体为以肿瘤抗原TGFβ为基础的嵌合抗原受体T(CAR-T)细胞技术的构建方法及其在抗肿瘤治疗中的应用。
背景技术
随着肿瘤免疫学理论和临床技术的发展,嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法(Chimericantigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy,CAR-T)成为目前最有发展前景的肿瘤免疫疗法之一。一般,嵌合抗原受体CAR由一个肿瘤相关抗原结合区、胞外铰链区、跨膜区域以及胞内信号转导区组成。通常,CAR包含抗体的单链片段可变(Single chain fragmentvariable,scFv)区或对肿瘤相关抗原(tumor associated antigen,TAA)具有特异性的结合结构域,其通过铰链和跨膜区与T细胞信号传导分子的胞质结构域偶联。最常见的淋巴细胞活化部分包括与T细胞效应物功能触发(例如CD3ζ)部分串联的T细胞共刺激结构域。
CN 105452287A公开了表达至少嵌合TGFβ受体的细胞,该嵌合TGFβ受体包含TGFβII受体的外结构域和不来自TGFβ受体的内结构域,从而将T细胞增殖的TGFβ的负信号转化为T细胞激活信号。该嵌合TGFβ受体的细胞还携带一种或多种嵌合抗原受体。该专利过表达的是TGFβ受体,在亲和力还有待提高,在结构上,该专利过表达的是TGFβ受体需要与现有细胞治疗联合使用才有明显效果。
目前针对实体肿瘤而言,CAR-T细胞治疗主要遇到三大瓶颈:肿瘤的异质性;肿瘤微环境的免疫抑制;T细胞很难浸润进入肿瘤细胞。肿瘤细胞以及肿瘤相关的免疫抑制性细胞会分泌TGFβ来抑制CAR-T细胞对肿瘤的杀伤能力。目前已有针对TGFβ单抗药物,但单独用药效果不显著,与PD-1/PD-L1单抗药物联合有协同作用。
发明内容
针对目前CAR-T细胞对于实体瘤作用效果不明显的情况,本发明提供一种嵌合抗原受体及其应用,本发明制备的嵌合抗原受体靶向TGFβ,能够解除TGFβ对其的免疫抑制作用,从而发挥抗肿瘤能力。
为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一方面,本发明提供一种嵌合抗原受体,所述嵌合抗原受体包括抗原结合结构域、跨膜结构域和胞内结构域串联而成;
其中,所述抗原结合结构域结合肿瘤表面抗原,所述肿瘤抗原为TGFβ,所述抗原结合结构域为针对肿瘤抗原TGFβ的单链抗体。
本发明中,CAR-T细胞除了解除TGFβ的免疫抑制作用,同时还能激活CAR下游信号,进一步增强抗肿瘤能力,相比于其他嵌合抗原受体和其他肿瘤抗原有更好的竞争结合TGFβ抗原能力,具有更高的亲和力;不仅如此,发明人意外发现其具有很好的体内扩增能力,进一步增强抗肿瘤效果。
根据本发明,所述肿瘤抗原TGFβ的单链抗体的氨基酸序列选自:
(a)如SEQ ID NO.1所示的氨基酸序列;或者,
(b)如SEQ ID NO.1所示的氨基酸序列经过一个或多个氨基酸的取代、添加或缺失而形成的,能够特异结合在嵌合抗原受体上,具有结合TGFβ和诱导T细胞信号传导功能的氨基酸序列。
本发明中,所述肿瘤抗原TGFβ的单链抗体的氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO.1)如下:
SEQ ID NO.1所示的氨基酸序列:
MLLLVTSLLLCELPHPAFLLIPETVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSLGSSYLAWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYGASSRAPGIPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFAVYYCQQYADSPITFGQGTRLEIKGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSQVQLVQSGAEVKKPGSSVKVSCKASGYTFSSNVISWVRQAPGQGLEWMGGVIPIVDIANYAQRFKGRVTITADESTSTTYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCASTLGLVLDAMDYWGQGTLVTVSS
根据本发明,所述如SEQ ID NO.1所示的氨基酸序列经过一个或多个氨基酸的取代、添加或缺失而形成的氨基酸序列与SEQ ID NO.1所示的氨基酸序列具有至少90%同一性,优选为95%同一性的氨基酸序列,所述改造后的氨基酸序列仍然具有结合TGFβ和诱导T细胞信号传导功能。
所述90%同一性例如可以是90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%、99%或100%。
根据本发明,所述胞内结构域还包括胞内共刺激信号传导域和/或CD3ζ信号传导域。
根据本发明,所述胞内共刺激信号传导域包括人CD28胞内区、人4-1BB胞内区、人TLR1胞内区、人TLR2胞内区、人TLR3胞内区、人TLR4胞内区、人CD27胞内区、人CD28胞内区、人OX40胞内区、人CD30胞内区、人CD40胞内区、人PD-1胞内区、人ICOS胞内区、人淋巴细胞功能相关抗原1胞内区、人CD2胞内区、人CD7胞内区、人LIGHT胞内区、人NKG2C胞内区、人B7-H3胞内区或人CD83胞内区中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,优选为人CD28胞内区和人TLR2胞内区。
根据本发明,所述跨膜结构域为CD28跨膜区和人TLR2胞内区。
根据本发明,所述跨膜结构域为CD28跨膜结构域(CD28细胞膜外和CD28细胞膜传导结构域)和人TLR2胞内区,在一些具体实施方案中,可以通过氨基酸替换来选择或修饰跨膜结构域。
本发明的嵌合抗原受体还包括启动子,所述启动子可以为EFla或任何一种高表达的启动子,本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况进行选择,在此不做特殊限定,启动子的存在不会对本发明的嵌合抗原受体的性能产生影响。
根据本发明,所述嵌合抗原受体包括信号肽、抗原结合结构域、跨膜结构域、共刺激信号传导结构域、CD3ζ信号传导结构域、2A序列和荧光蛋白串联而成。
第二方面,本发明提供编码如第一方面所述的嵌合抗原受体的核酸。
第三方面,本发明提供一种病毒载体,包括第一方面所述的嵌合抗原受体。
根据本发明,所述病毒载体为慢病毒载体和/或逆转录病毒载体,优选为慢病毒载体。
第四方面,本发明提供一种重组慢病毒,将包含如第三方面所述的病毒载体与包装辅助质粒pNHP和pHEF-VSVG共转染哺乳细胞得到的重组慢病毒。
根据本发明,所述哺乳细胞为293细胞、293T细胞、TE671细胞或Jurkat细胞中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
第五方面,本发明制备如第四方面所述的重组慢病毒的方法,其包括将如第二方面所述的核酸引入细胞的步骤;优选地,所述细胞为T细胞或含有T细胞的细胞群。
本发明中,所述T细胞具有良好的抗肿瘤能力,同时能够释放低剂量免疫因子,具备低毒性高免疫杀伤反应性质。
第六方面,本发明提供如第一方面所述的嵌合抗原受体、如第三方面所述的病毒载体或如第四方面所述的重组慢病毒在制备嵌合抗原受体T细胞或免疫细胞及其在肿瘤治疗药物中的应用。
本发明中,绝大多数肿瘤都会表达TGFβ,尤其在恶性程度更高的肿瘤的TGFβ表达量更高。本嵌合抗原受体T细胞靶向的是活化性形式的TGFβ,因此,本嵌合抗原受体T细胞依赖于肿瘤的活化性TGFβ的表达量,可以用于治疗绝大部分的肿瘤。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明嵌合抗原受体既能拮抗TGFβ的作用,又能利用TGFβ激活CD28-CD3z等信号通路从而进一步增强抗肿瘤能力;
(2)本发明嵌合抗原受体靶向是可溶性分子,自体细胞回输安全性较好,无副作用;
(3)本发明嵌合抗原受体具有很好的体内扩增能力,解除TGFβ的免疫抑制作用,同时还能激活CAR下游信号,进一步增强抗肿瘤能力,相比于其他嵌合抗原受体和其他肿瘤抗原有更好的竞争结合TGFβ抗原能力。
附图说明
图1为本发明CAR载体的结构示意图;
图2为流式细胞仪检测Jurkat细胞CD69表达量;
图3为ELISA法检测Jurkat细胞分泌IL2的表达量;
图4为流式细胞仪检测鼠源CAR-T细胞的感染效率;
图5为流式细胞仪检测小鼠外周血T细胞比例;
图6为流式细胞仪检测小鼠外周血CAR-T细胞比例;
图7为流式细胞仪检测小鼠外周血B细胞比例;
图8为小鼠的生存曲线结果图;
图9为小鼠肿瘤体积变化结果图;
图10为小鼠外周血T细胞比例。
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明所采取的技术手段及其效果,以下结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案,但本发明并非局限在实施例范围内。
实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件,或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可通过正规渠道商购获得的常规产品。
实施例1:嵌合抗原受体的构建
(1)通过全基因合成CAR(1928z CAR和T28z CAR)结构域,如图1所示;
所述嵌合抗原受体的氨基酸序列如下:
1928z CAR(SEQ ID NO.2):
MLLLVTSLLLCELPHPAFLLIPDIQMTQTTSSLSASLGDRVTISCRASQDISKYLNWYQQKPDGTVKLLIYHTSRLHSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDYSLTISNLEQEDIATYFCQQGNTLPYTFGGGTKLEITGSTSGSGKPGSGEGSTKGEVKLQESGPGLVAPSQSLSVTCTVSGVSLPDYGVSWIRQPPRKGLEWLGVIWGSETTYYNSALKSRLTIIKDNSKSQVFLKMNSLQTDDTAIYYCAKHYYYGGSYAMDYWGQGTSVTVSSAAAIEVMYPPPYLDNEKSNGTIIHVKGKHLCPSPLFPGPSKPFWVLVVVGGVLACYSLLVTVAFIIFWVRSKRSRLLHSDYMNMTPRRPGPTRKHYQPYAPPRDFAAYRSRVKFSRSADAPAYQQGQNQLYNELNLGRREEYDVLDKRRGRDPEMGGKPRRKNPQEGLYNELQKDKMAEAYSEIGMKGERRRGKGHDGLYQGLSTATKDTYDALHMQALPPRQAKRKPRKAPSRNICYDAFVSYSERDAYWVENLMVQELENFNPPFKLCLHKRDFIPGKWIIDNIIDSIEKSHKTVFVLSENFVKSEWCKYELDFSHFRLFDENNDAAILILLEPIEKKAIPQRFCKLRKIMNTKTYLEWPMDEAQREGFWVNLRAAIKSTSKIVAPVKQTLNFDLLKLAGDVESNPGPASMVSKGEELFTGVVPILVELDGDVNGHKFSVSGEGEGDATYGKLTLKFICTTGKLPVPWPTLVTTLTYGVQCFSRYPDHMKQHDFFKSAMPEGYVQERTIFFKDDGNYKTRAEVKFEGDTLVNRIELKGIDFKEDGNILGHKLEYNYNSHNVYIMADKQKNGIKVNFKIRHNIEDGSVQLADHYQQNTPIGDGPVLLPDNHYLSTQSALSKDPNEKRDHMVLLEFVTAAGITLGMDELYK*.
T28z CAR(SEQ ID NO.3):
MLLLVTSLLLCELPHPAFLLIPETVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATLSCRASQSLGSSYLAWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYGASSRAPGIPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFAVYYCQQYADSPITFGQGTRLEIKGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSQVQLVQSGAEVKKPGSSVKVSCKASGYTFSSNVISWVRQAPGQGLEWMGGVIPIVDIANYAQRFKGRVTITADESTSTTYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCASTLGLVLDAMDYWGQGTLVTVSSRDRIEVMYPPPYLDNEKSNGTIIHVKGKHLCPSPLFPGPSKPFWVLVVVGGVLACYSLLVTVAFIIFWVRSKRSRLLHSDYMNMTPRRPGPTRKHYQPYAPPRDFAAYRSQAKRKPRKAPSRNICYDAFVSYSERDAYWVENLMVQELENFNPPFKLCLHKRDFIPGKWIIDNIIDSIEKSHKTVFVLSENFVKSEWCKYELDFSHFRLFDENNDAAILILLEPIEKKAIPQRFCKLRKIMNTKTYLEWPMDEAQREGFWVNLRAAIKSTSKIVAPVKQTLNFDLLKLAGDVESNPGPASMVSKGEELFTGVVPILVELDGDVNGHKFSVSGEGEGDATYGKLTLKFICTTGKLPVPWPTLVTTLTYGVQCFSRYPDHMKQHDFFKSAMPEGYVQERTIFFKDDGNYKTRAEVKFEGDTLVNRIELKGIDFKEDGNILGHKLEYNYNSHNVYIMADKQKNGIKVNFKIRHNIEDGSVQLADHYQQNTPIGDGPVLLPDNHYLSTQSALSKDPNEKRDHMVLLEFVTAAGITLGMDELYK*.
实施例2:TGFβ体外激活CAR-jurkat细胞
将实施例1中的1928z CAR-T细胞和T28z CAR-T细胞载体的表达质粒,再利用293T细胞制备表达CAR的慢病毒,最后感染Jurkat细胞,具体步骤如下:
(1)将105CAR Jurkat细胞接种到48孔板,分别加入TGFβ(0,3,10,30ng/ml),体积为200μl,37℃共培养24h;
(2)培养24h后,将48孔板取出,将细胞上清冻存于-20℃,用于检测IL2,细胞用于流式检测;
(3)将细胞用PBS清洗后,加入适量的APC标记human-CD69的抗体,室温孵育20min后,用PBS清洗后上流式细胞检测仪检测;
(4)细胞上清用ELISA试剂盒检测细胞上清IL2的表达。
结果如图2-3所示,从图2-3可以看出,TGFβ能够激活T28z CAR-Jurkat细胞的CD69和促进其分泌IL2。
实施例3:T28z CAR-T免疫小鼠无毒副作用
为了验证T28z CAR-T细胞的安全性,本实施例构建了鼠源的CAR-T细胞(由于的TGFβ的scFv同时能够被人源和鼠源的TGFβ激活,因此鼠源版本的T28z CAR-T的scFv能够通用),利用能够靶向小鼠B细胞的m1928z T细胞作为阳性对照,通过观察小鼠生理状态评估T28zT细胞的安全性,具体如下:
(1)利用逆转录病毒系统制备逆转录病毒,再从B6小鼠脾脏中分离出T细胞,最后用逆转录病毒感染小鼠T细胞,感染效率通过流式细胞仪检测;
(2)将制备完成的CAR-T细胞通过尾静脉注射到辐照后B6小鼠,每组3只小鼠,每只注射5×105个CAR-T细胞,定期抽取小鼠的外周血检测小鼠T细胞和B细胞等生长情况,实验周期为4个月;实验结束后,将小鼠解剖,取出肺部,肝和肾进行HE染色评估小鼠的健康情况;
结果如图4-8所示,从图4-8可以看出T28z CAR-T细胞对免疫健全小鼠的生存期没有影响,而且小鼠的肺,肝和肾等内脏组织均没有变化,T28z CAR-T细胞在免疫健全小鼠体内是不会引起明显的副作用,安全性良好。
实施例4:T28z CAR-T细胞逆转TGFβ作用
为了进一步在荷瘤小鼠模型验证T28z CAR-T细胞的抗肿瘤能力,我们制备了1928z CAR-T细胞(阴性对照),G28z CAR-T细胞(阳性对照,靶向GPC3阳性肿瘤)和T28zCAR-T细胞。在NSI免疫缺陷小鼠上构建HepG2肿瘤模型,待肿瘤长到50mm3左右,开始癌旁注射CAR-T细胞,每次注射5×106个细胞,每周注射1次,共2周。每周测量2次肿瘤体积,每2周抽血检测外周血T细胞生长情况。
结果如图9-10所示,从图9-10可以看出T28z CAR-T细胞显著抑制HepG2细胞的生长,而且T28z CAR-T细胞在小鼠体内大量扩增。
综上所述,本发明的T28z CAR-T相比于其他嵌合抗原受体和其他肿瘤抗原有更好的效果,且具有安全性和长效性,对于实体瘤确实达到很好的疗效。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的详细方法,但本发明并不局限于上述详细方法,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述详细方法才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 深圳市体内生物医药科技有限公司
<120> 一种嵌合抗原受体及其应用
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Claims (10)

1.一种嵌合抗原受体,其特征在于,所述嵌合抗原受体包括抗原结合结构域、跨膜结构域和胞内结构域串联而成;
其中,所述抗原结合结构域结合肿瘤表面抗原,所述肿瘤抗原为TGFβ,所述抗原结合结构域为针对肿瘤抗原TGFβ的单链抗体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的嵌合抗原受体,其特征在于,所述肿瘤抗原TGFβ的单链抗体的氨基酸序列选自:
(a)如SEQ ID NO.1所示的氨基酸序列;或者,
(b)如SEQ ID NO.1所示的氨基酸序列经过一个或多个氨基酸的取代、添加或缺失而形成的,能够特异结合在嵌合抗原受体上,具有结合TGFβ和诱导T细胞信号传导功能的氨基酸序列。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的嵌合抗原受体,其特征在于,所述如SEQ ID NO.1所示的氨基酸序列经过一个或多个氨基酸的取代、添加或缺失而形成的氨基酸序列与SEQ ID NO.1所示的氨基酸序列具有至少90%同一性,优选为95%同一性的氨基酸序列。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体,其特征在于,所述胞内结构域还包括胞内共刺激信号传导域和/或CD3ζ信号传导域;
优选地,所述胞内共刺激信号传导域包括人CD28胞内区、人4-1BB胞内区、人TLR1胞内区、人TLR2胞内区、人TLR3胞内区、人TLR4胞内区、人CD27胞内区、人CD28胞内区、人OX40胞内区、人CD30胞内区、人CD40胞内区、人PD-1胞内区、人ICOS胞内区、人淋巴细胞功能相关抗原1胞内区、人CD2胞内区、人CD7胞内区、人LIGHT胞内区、人NKG2C胞内区、人B7-H3胞内区或人CD83胞内区中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,优选为人CD28胞内区和人TLR2胞内区。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体,其特征在于,所述跨膜结构域为CD28跨膜区和人TLR2胞内区。
6.编码如权利要求1-5任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体的核酸。
7.一种病毒载体,其特征在于,包括权利要求1-5中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体;
优选地,所述病毒载体为慢病毒载体和/或逆转录病毒载体,优选为慢病毒载体。
8.一种重组慢病毒,其特征在于,将包含如权利要求7所述的病毒载体与包装辅助质粒pNHP和pHEF-VSVG共转染哺乳细胞得到的重组慢病毒;
优选地,所述哺乳细胞为293细胞、293T细胞、TE671细胞或Jurkat细胞中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
9.制备如权利要求8所述的重组慢病毒的方法,其包括将如权利要求6所述的核酸引入细胞的步骤;优选地,所述细胞为T细胞或含有T细胞的细胞群。
10.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体、如权利要求7所述的病毒载体或如权利要求8所述的重组慢病毒在制备嵌合抗原受体T细胞或免疫细胞及其在肿瘤治疗药物中的应用。
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