CN111743942A - 一种治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的中药组合物及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的中药组合物及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的中药组合物及制备方法,可有效解决慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的治疗用药问题,包括以下原料:苦杏仁、石膏、瓜蒌、大黄、黄芩、紫苏子、炙甘草、金荞麦、紫菀,本发明根据处方中药物的有效成分特点,采用的制备方法中石膏单独提取,减少黄酮类、蒽醌类成分络合物的形成,提高有效成分提取效率,同时挥发油单独提取,羟丙基‑β‑环糊精包合从而保留挥发性成分,制备工艺合理可行,有效成分含量高,方便调剂,可以制成颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂、口服液、丸剂。本发明的中药组合物能够明显改善慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期引起的发热、咳嗽、咳痰、痰多、腹胀、便秘的症状。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及治疗肺部疾病的药物及制备方法,具体涉及一种治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的中药组合物及制备方法,属于中医药技术领域。
背景技术
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)是一种以气流受限为特征的呼吸系统疾病,可导致患者肺功能进行性减退,严重影响患者日常工作和生活质量,后期伴随心功能不全及全身反应。COPD的病程在临床上可见稳定期与急性加重期,其中慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期是指原本处于稳定期,采用维持性药物治疗的患者因感染等原因突然疾病急性加重的过程,表现为患者的呼吸系统状况突然恶化,并且需要改变药物治疗的方案。
慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期,患者可表现为发热、咳嗽、咳痰、痰多、色黄不易咳出,腹胀、便秘,目前治疗以西药治疗为主,主要目的为缓解咳嗽、憋喘等临床症状,预防再次急性加重的发生,缺乏对因治疗手段。
中医治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期具有明显的特色或优势,但目前缺乏针对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期特点治疗的新中药,以解决COPD反复急性加重促进疾病的进展和肺功能、生存质量的持续降低的现状。根据患者临床表现,慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期,中医辨证多为痰热腑实证,根据患者临床表现及发病机制,加强COPD急性加重期的中药研究开发,对于提高临床防治水平和能力具有重要意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的中药组合物,由下述中药原料药加工制备而成:苦杏仁,石膏,瓜蒌,大黄,黄芩,紫苏子,炙甘草,金荞麦,紫菀。本发明所述的中药组合物配伍合理,可有效解决慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的治疗用药问题,无明显副作用,且制各工艺简单,有效成分含量高,克服西药不能对因治疗,病情反复,疗效不好的医疗现状。
为达到以上目的,本发明采取的技术方案是:
本发明是一种治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的中药组合物,按重量份配比由以下原料药组成:苦杏仁5~10份,石膏15~60份,瓜蒌9~15份,大黄3~15份,黄芩6~15份,紫苏子6~15份,炙甘草3~10份,金荞麦10~30份,紫菀5~15份。
在上述技术方案的基础上,按重量份配比包括以下原料药:
苦杏仁8份,石膏18份,瓜蒌11份,大黄8份,黄芩11份,紫苏子11份,炙甘草8份,金荞麦14份,紫菀11份。
在上述技术方案的基础上,按重量份配比包括以下原料药:
苦杏仁6份,石膏40份,瓜蒌5份,大黄10份,黄芩6份,紫苏子6份,炙甘草10份,金荞麦20份,紫菀8份。
在上述技术方案的基础上,按重量份配比包括以下原料药:
苦杏仁10份,石膏25份,瓜蒌10份,大黄12份,黄芩12份,紫苏子8份,炙甘草5份,金荞麦9份,紫菀5份。
在上述技术方案的基础上,制备方法如下:
步骤1,按重量份配比称取各组分,将全部组分粉碎;
步骤2,取已粉碎的紫苏子和紫菀采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取1~3小时,得总挥发油,按照重量比1∶10,用羟丙基-β-环糊精包合,得挥发油包合溶液;
步骤3,取已粉碎的苦杏仁、瓜蒌、大黄、黄芩、炙甘草、金荞麦与步骤2中的药渣混合,加8~12倍量水回流提取2次,每次1小时,合并提取液;
步骤4,取已粉碎的石膏,加6~10倍量水回流提取1次,时间1小时,得提取液,进而与步骤2的提取液合并,得混合提取液;
步骤5,取步骤1的挥发油包合溶液和步骤4的混合提取液,减压浓缩、喷雾干燥,即得。
中药组合物剂型可为颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂、口服液、丸剂。
如以上任意一项所述的中药组合物在制备用于治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的药物中的用途。
本发明的有益效果是:
慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期主要是由于患者肺脾两虚,痰瘀气滞,加之复感外邪而致病情加重,主要证候为痰热腑实证。本发明中所采用的石膏取其味苦性凉,清热泻火,除烦止渴,治实痰实火之壅闭,苦杏仁降气平喘,止咳化痰共奏清热化痰之效果,二者共为君药。瓜蒌、紫苏子、大黄降气化痰、泄热通腑为臣药,黄芩、金荞麦、紫菀清肺热、化浊痰为佐药,甘草调和诸药,又兼止咳化痰为使药。本发明中药组合物针对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期的病机,以痰、热、瘀并治,共凑清热宣肺,通腑化痰功效,使痰浊得除、肺热得清、瘀滞得消、腑气得通。
根据处方中药物的主要有效成分,采取石膏单独提取,减少黄酮类、蒽醌类成分络合物的形成,提高有效成分提取效率,同时挥发油单独提取,羟丙基-β-环糊精包合从而保留挥发性成分,实现制备工艺简单,有效成分含量高,方便调剂,改善慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期引起的发热、咳嗽、咳痰、痰多、腹胀、便秘的症状。
具体实施方式
以下结合实际情况对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明。
实施例1
苦杏仁8g,石膏18g,瓜蒌11g,大黄8g,黄芩11g,紫苏子11g,炙甘草8g,金荞麦14g,紫菀11g
制备工艺:按重量份配比称取各组分,将全部组分粉碎;取已粉碎的紫苏子和紫菀采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取1小时,得总挥发油,按照重量比1∶10,用羟丙基-β-环糊精包合,得挥发油包合溶液;取已粉碎的苦杏仁、瓜蒌、大黄、黄芩、炙甘草、金荞麦与紫苏子和紫菀的药渣混合,加10倍量水回流提取2次,每次1小时,合并提取液,得提取液1;取已粉碎的石膏,加6倍量水回流提取1次,时间1小时,得石膏提取液,进而与提取液1合并,得混合提取液,加入挥发油包合溶液,减压浓缩、喷雾干燥,装入硬胶囊,即得胶囊剂。
实施例2
苦杏仁6g,石膏40g,瓜蒌5g,大黄10g,黄芩6g,紫苏子6g,炙甘草10g,金荞麦20g,紫菀8g
制备工艺:按重量份配比称取各组分,将全部组分粉碎;取已粉碎的紫苏子和紫菀采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取1.5小时,得总挥发油,按照重量比1∶10,用羟丙基-β-环糊精包合,得挥发油包合溶液;取已粉碎的苦杏仁、瓜蒌、大黄、黄芩、炙甘草、金荞麦与紫苏子和紫菀的药渣混合,加8倍量水回流提取2次,每次1小时,合并提取液,得提取液1;取已粉碎的石膏,加8倍量水回流提取1次,时间1小时,得石膏提取液,进而与提取液1合并,得混合提取液,加入挥发油包合溶液,减压浓缩、喷雾干燥,加入适当糊精,湿法制粒,低温干燥,整粒,即得颗粒剂。
实施例3
苦杏仁10g,石膏25g,瓜蒌10g,大黄12g,黄芩12g,紫苏子8g,炙甘草5g,金荞麦9g,紫菀5g
制备工艺:按重量份配比称取各组分,将全部组分粉碎;取已粉碎的紫苏子和紫菀采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取1.5小时,得总挥发油,按照重量比1∶10,用羟丙基-β-环糊精包合,得挥发油包合溶液;取已粉碎的苦杏仁、瓜蒌、大黄、黄芩、炙甘草、金荞麦与紫苏子和紫菀的药渣混合,加12倍量水回流提取2次,每次1小时,合并提取液,得提取液1;取已粉碎的石膏,加6倍量水回流提取1次,时间1小时,得石膏提取液,进而与提取液1合并,得混合提取液,加入挥发油包合溶液,减压浓缩、喷雾干燥,纯化水溶解,加入矫味剂,微滤,分装,灭菌,即得口服液。
实施例4
苦杏仁5g,石膏15g,瓜蒌15g,大黄9g,黄芩6g,紫苏子15g,炙甘草10g,金荞麦30g,紫菀10g
制备工艺:按重量份配比称取各组分,将全部组分粉碎;取已粉碎的紫苏子和紫菀采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取2.5小时,得总挥发油,按照重量比1∶10,用羟丙基-β-环糊精包合,得挥发油包合溶液;取已粉碎的苦杏仁、瓜蒌、大黄、黄芩、炙甘草、金荞麦与紫苏子和紫菀的药渣混合,加10倍量水回流提取2次,每次1小时,合并提取液,得提取液1;取已粉碎的石膏,加8倍量水回流提取1次,时间1小时,得石膏提取液,进而与提取液1合并,得混合提取液,加入挥发油包合溶液,减压浓缩、喷雾干燥,加入适当辅料,湿法制粒,低温干燥,整粒,压片,即得片剂。
实施例5临床研究资料
1、对象
参照《中医证候鉴别诊断学》及《慢性阻塞性肺疾病中医诊疗指南(2011版)》诊断为慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期的患者;(2)符合《内科学》(第8版)中AECOPD诊断标准的患者。排除标准:(1)合并其他疾病,可能对治疗结果产生影响的患者;(2)孕妇、哺乳期、精神异常等特殊人群的患者;(3)肝、肾功能不全,可能影响药物代谢、排泄的患者。
选取2017年1月至2018年12月在我院门诊或住院治疗的已确诊为慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期的患者105例(其中男性65例,女性40例)。将105例患者按随机数字法随机分成五组:对照组、实施例1组、实施例2组、实施例3组、实施例4组,每组21人,各组之间的患者年龄、性别均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
2、治疗方案
对照组患者针对性的给予抗菌药物、支气管扩张剂及控制性氧疗等综合治疗方案;实施例组患者在对照组的基础上,分别加用实施例1~实施例4中相应的制剂联合治疗,每天服用量为处方剂量口服,五组患者均连续治疗28天。
3、观察指标
3.1临床疗效评价
参照《慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊治指南》(2013年修订版)。临床症状和体征明显改善或基本消失,症候积分减少超过70%为显效;临床症状和体征有所好转,症候积分减少50%~70%为有效;没有达到上述标准,即临床症状和体征没有改善,甚至继续恶化,症候积分没有明显减少的为无效。
3.2不良反应发生情况评价
比较对照组与实施例组患者的不良反应发生情况。
3.3肺功能
所有患者采用Sensor Medics Ros System肺功能仪测定肺功能。每次检查平行2次,取其高值。
3.4炎性细胞因子
取清晨空腹静脉血,制备血清,置-40℃低温冰箱保存,待测有关指标。IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8测定均采用双抗体夹心ABC-ELISA法检测,试剂盒购于南京凯默尔生物科技中心。
4、统计学方法
运用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析,所用数据采用“平均值±标准差”表示,采用t检验,P<0.05具有统计学意义。
5、结果
(1)实施例组患者与对照组患者的临床疗效比较
对照组总有效率76.19%,实施例组的总有效率均高于95%,且与对照组的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),具体结果见表1。
表1临床疗效比较(n=21)
注:与对照组比较,*P<0.05。
(2)不良反应发生情况
实施例组与对照组患者接受治疗期间的不良反应发生率没有显著性差异(P>0.05),结果见表2。
表2不良反应发生情况(n=21)
(3)肺功能变化情况
实施例组与对照组患者接受治疗后肺功能均有一定程度的改善,实施例组内治疗后与治疗前相比较,结果具有显著性差异(P<0.05);实施例组治疗后与对照组治疗后相比较,结果具有显著性差异(P<0.05),结果见表3。
表3肺功能变化情况(n=21)
注:与本组治疗后比较*P<0.05;与对照组治疗后比较#P<0.05。
(4)炎性细胞因子
细胞因子参与慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期的病理生理,在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期持续气道炎症过程中起重要作用。本发明组合物治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期疗效显著,结果见表4。
研究发现慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期患者,采用本发明的中药组合物治疗后,IL-1β、IL-8、IL-6水平明显降低(P<0.05),IL-2水平明显升高(P<0.05),表明本发明中药组合物可以抑制、下调慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期患者血清IL-1β、IL-8、IL-6水平,升高血清IL-2水平。与对照组治疗后IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8水平相比,实施例组治疗后出现明显下降(P<0.05),同时IL-2水平明显升高(P<0.05),提示本发明中药组合物清热涤痰、宣肺平喘,具有调节慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期细胞因子的作用。
表4治疗前后患者血清中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、IL-2水平变化(n=21)
注:与本组治疗后比较*P<0.05;与对照组治疗后比较#P<0.05。
本说明书中未作详尽描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。
Claims (8)
1.一种治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的中药组合物,其特征在于,按重量份配比由以下原料药组成:苦杏仁5~10份,石膏15~60份,瓜蒌9~15份,大黄3~15份,黄芩6~15份,紫苏子6~15份,炙甘草3~10份,金荞麦9~30份,紫菀5~15份。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的中药组合物,其特征在于,按重量份配比由以下原料药组成:苦杏仁8份,石膏18份,瓜蒌11份,大黄8份,黄芩11份,紫苏子11份,炙甘草8份,金荞麦14份,紫菀11份。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的中药组合物,其特征在于,按重量份配比由以下原料药组成:苦杏仁6份,石膏40份,瓜蒌5份,大黄10份,黄芩6份,紫苏子6份,炙甘草10份,金荞麦20份,紫菀8份。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的中药组合物,其特征在于,按重量份配比由以下原料药组成:苦杏仁10份,石膏25份,瓜蒌10份,大黄12份,黄芩12份,紫苏子8份,炙甘草5份,金荞麦9份,紫菀5份。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的中药组合物,其特征在于,按重量份配比由以下原料药组成:苦杏仁5份,石膏15份,瓜蒌15份,大黄9份,黄芩6份,紫苏子15份,炙甘草10份,金荞麦30份,紫菀10份。
6.一种制备如权利要求1-5任一项所述一种治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的中药组合物的方法,其特征在于,制备方法如下:
步骤1,按重量份配比称取各组分,将全部组分粉碎;
步骤2,取已粉碎的紫苏子和紫苑采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取1~3小时,得总挥发油,按照重量比1∶10,用羟丙基-β-环糊精包合,得挥发油包合溶液;
步骤3,取已粉碎的苦杏仁、瓜蒌、大黄、黄芩、炙甘草、金荞麦与步骤2中的药渣混合,加8~12倍量水回流提取2次,每次1小时,合并提取液;
步骤4,取已粉碎的石膏,加6~10倍量水回流提取1次,时间1小时,得提取液,进而与步骤2的提取液合并,得混合提取液;
步骤5,取步骤1的挥发油包合溶液和步骤4的混合提取液,减压浓缩、喷雾干燥,即得。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,将组合物可以制成颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂、口服液、丸剂。
8.如以上任意一项述所述的中药组合物在制备用于治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的药物中的用途。
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