CN111717164A - 汽车的雨水和温度传感器模块 - Google Patents

汽车的雨水和温度传感器模块 Download PDF

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CN111717164A
CN111717164A CN202010201200.9A CN202010201200A CN111717164A CN 111717164 A CN111717164 A CN 111717164A CN 202010201200 A CN202010201200 A CN 202010201200A CN 111717164 A CN111717164 A CN 111717164A
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temperature sensing
sensing module
compound
cover plate
rain
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明多加斯·凯特利乌斯
曼吉达斯·拉修利斯
保利乌斯·阿利萨斯卡斯
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Littelfuse Inc
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

一种雨水和温度感测模块,包括:具有由透明材料形成的盖板的壳体;设置在壳体内并且使光发射器、光接收器和温度感测元件设置在其上的印刷电路板;设置在壳体内并且覆盖光发射器、光接收器、以及温度感测元件的透明化合物,该透明化合物填充印刷电路板和盖板之间的空间,其中该透明化合物具有基本上等于盖板的折射率的折射率,并且其中该透明化合物在盖板和温度感测元件之间提供导热介质。

Description

汽车的雨水和温度传感器模块
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2019年3月20日提交的美国临时专利申请No.62/820,980的权益,其全部内容通过引用合并于此。
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及汽车传感器领域,并且更具体地涉及配置成检测汽车挡风玻璃上的降雨量并测量汽车挡风玻璃的温度的雨水和温度传感器模块。
背景技术
现代汽车通常配备有雨水传感器,该传感器被配置为检测汽车挡风玻璃上的降雨量。从此类传感器收集的信息可用于自动激活和改变汽车的挡风玻璃雨刷器的速度和/或控制汽车中的其他各种系统(例如,牵引力控制系统)。现代汽车通常还配备有挡风玻璃温度传感器,该传感器被配置为测量汽车的挡风玻璃的温度。例如,从此类传感器收集的信息可用于管理汽车的自动除雾系统的运行。
在典型的实施方式中,汽车雨水传感器包括光发射元件、适于准直由光发射元件发出的光并将准直的光导向挡风玻璃上的感测区域的准直透镜、适于接收从挡风玻璃反射并聚焦光的准直光的聚焦透镜,以及适于从聚焦透镜接收聚焦的光并将接收到的光转换成传输到控制器的电输出信号的光接收元件(例如,光电二极管)。如果挡风玻璃外表面上的感应区域处有水(例如雨水),则撞击(strikes)感测区域的一部分准直光会折射到水中,而不是反射到聚焦透镜上。因此,相对于挡风玻璃的感测区域干燥时,从挡风玻璃的感测区域反射并由光接收元件接收的准直光的量通常被衰减。
与上述类型的常规雨水传感器相关联的缺点是这种传感器的准直透镜和聚焦透镜可能相对昂贵。另外,如果有必要改变此类传感器中的光发射和光接收元件的配置(例如,为了适应不同车辆中的各种应用环境),则通常还必须对准直和聚焦透镜、传感器壳体以及用于制造透镜和壳体的工具做出改变。这样的修改与大量的时间和费用相关联。
通常将汽车挡风玻璃温度传感器作为集成的温度和湿度感测装置的一部分包括在内,该装置与上述类型的汽车雨水传感器一起在模块中实现。典型的汽车挡风玻璃温度传感器包括弹簧偏置在汽车的挡风玻璃上的温度感测元件(例如,负温度系数元件、电阻温度检测器、温度和湿度感测集成电路、热电偶等)。这种传感器的各种机械部件(例如,弹簧、柔性电路板等)与大量的成本和空间要求相关联,并且随着时间的流逝也受制于机械故障。
关于这些和其他考虑,当前的改进可能是有用的。
发明内容
提供该概述是为了以简化的形式介绍概念的选择,这些概念将在下面的详细描述中进一步描述。该概述并不旨在标识所要求保护的主题的关键特征或必要特征,也不是旨在于帮助确定所要求保护的主题的范围的概述。
根据本公开的示例性实施例的雨水感测模块包括:壳体,其具有由透明材料形成的盖板;印刷电路板,其设备在壳体内并且在其上设置有光发射器和光接收器,其中,光接收器被配置为接收由光发射器发射并从汽车挡风玻璃反射回来的光;以及透明化合物,其设置在壳体内并填充印刷电路板与盖板之间的空间。
根据本公开的示例性实施例的挡风玻璃温度感测模块包括:壳体,其具有适于安装至汽车的挡风玻璃的盖板;印刷电路板,其设置在壳体内并且在其上设置有温度传感元件;以及化合物,其设置在壳体内并填充在印刷电路板和盖板之间的空间,其中该化合物在盖板和温度感测元件之间提供导热介质。
根据本公开的示例性实施例的雨水和温度感测模块可以包括:壳体,其具有由透明材料形成的盖板;印刷电路板,其设置在壳体内并使光发射器、光接收器和温度感测元件设置在其上;以及透明化合物,其设置在壳体内并填充印刷电路板和盖板之间的空间,其中,透明化合物在盖板和温度感测元件之间提供导热介质。
附图说明
图1A是示出根据本公开的实施例的雨水和温度感测模块的透视图;
图1B是示出图1A的雨水和温度感测模块的截面侧视图。
图2A和2B是示出在操作期间图1A和1B的雨水和温度感测模块的某些组件的截面侧视图。
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图更全面地描述根据本公开的汽车的雨水和温度传感器模块,在附图中给出了汽车的雨水和温度传感器模块的优选实施例。然而,汽车的雨水和温度传感器模块可以以许多不同的形式实现,并且不应被解释为限于本文阐述的实施例。相反,提供这些实施例是为了使本公开将汽车的雨水和温度传感器模块的某些示例性方面传达给本领域技术人员。
参考图1A和1B,示出了根据本公开的示例性实施例的汽车的雨水和温度传感器模块(以下称为“模块10”)的透视图和截面图。在描绘的非限制性实施例中,模块10通常可以包括壳体12,该壳体包含印刷电路板(PCB)14、光发射器16、光接收器18、温度感测元件20和透明化合物22。尽管模块10被示为仅包括单个光发射器16和单个光接收器18,但是应当理解,模块10可以包括更多数量的光发射器和/或光接收器,而不脱离本公开的范围。
模块10的壳体12通常可以由不透明塑料形成,但是可以包括由透明材料形成的盖板26,其允许光进入壳体12的内部。在非限制性实施例中,盖板26可以由塑料形成,该塑料对于红外光可以是基本上透明的,但是对于可见光是基本上不透明的。本公开不限于此。
PCB 14可以被安装到壳体12的内部,与盖板26相邻并且与盖板26成基本平行的关系。光发射器16、光接收器18和温度感测元件20可以设置在PCB 14的顶表面上(例如,电连接到PCB 14的顶表面上的导电迹线)并且可以可操作地连接到光传感器控制器30和温度传感器控制器32,分别可以被配置为管理光发射器16、光接收器18和温度感测元件20的操作、为其供电,和/或处理其输出,如下面进一步描述的。例如,光传感器控制器30和温度传感器控制器32可以由适当配置的集成电路(IC)来体现。PCB 14可以经由导体28连接到壳体12外部的一个或多个电源和/或控制元件(未示出),该导体28从PCB 14延伸穿过壳体12的插头部分34。
透明化合物22可以部分或全部填充壳体12中的PCB 14和盖板26之间的空间,并且可以基本上围绕并包围每个光发射器16、光接收器18、温度感测元件20、光传感器控制器30和温度传感器控制器32。透明化合物22可以是对红外和/或可见光透明并且具有基本上等于玻璃的折射率的折射率的流体或半流体材料(例如,液体或凝胶)。特别地,透明化合物22可以具有与盖板26的折射率基本相同的折射率,并且当模块10可操作地安装在汽车中时,基本上与盖板26可附接至其的汽车挡风玻璃(未示出)的折射率相同。在各种实施例中,透明化合物22可以具有在1.45至1.55范围内的折射率。更优选地,透明化合物22可以具有在1.50至1.525范围内的折射率。在各种实施例中,透明化合物22可以是硅凝胶或液体。本公开不限于此。
参考图2A和2B,示出了耦合至汽车挡风玻璃40的内表面的模块10的截面侧视图。为了描述的清楚,在图2A和2B中仅示出了模块10的PCB 14,光发射器16、光接收器18、温度感测元件20,透明化合物22和盖板26。在各种实施例中,盖板26可以通过透明粘合剂(例如,图1A和1B中所示的粘合剂42)薄层紧固至汽车挡风玻璃40。
在模块10的操作期间,并且如图2A所示,可以是发光二极管(LED)的光发射器16可以通过透明化合物22、盖板26和挡风玻璃40来发射光束(例如,红外光)到挡风玻璃40的外表面上的检测区域44。如果在检测区域44处不存在水,则由光发射器16发射的大部分或全部光将通过挡风玻璃40、盖板26和透明化合物22反射回到光接收器18上。可以是光电二极管的光接收器18可以产生与接收到的光的量相对应的电输出信号。如果在检测区域44处存在水,则如图2B所示,由光发射器16发射的大部分或全部光将被折射并穿过水,并且很少或没有光被反射回穿过挡风玻璃40、盖板26和透明化合物22到光接收器18上。因此,光接收器18将几乎不产生或不产生相应的电输出信号。来自光接收器18的、可以被传送到光传感器控制器30(图1B)的输出因此可以被用于确定挡风玻璃40上是否存在湿气,并指示各种汽车系统例如,挡风玻璃雨刷器、牵引力控制系统等)的操作。
有利地,由于在光发射器16、光接收器18和盖板26之间的空间被折射率大致等于盖板26的折射率和挡风玻璃40的折射率的透明化合物22填充,光发射器16发出的光可以以大致直线行进通过透明化合物22、盖板26和挡风玻璃40,而在它们之间的边界处不被折射。因此,本公开的模块10不需要任何准直透镜或聚焦透镜来容纳在透明化合物22和盖板26的接合处的光的折射。因此,相对于需要准直和/或聚焦透镜来容纳折射的常规的汽车的雨水传感器模块,本公开的模块10可以以显著地更低的成本制造。另外,模块10的光发射器16和光接收器18的配置可以容易地改变(例如,以便适合不同车辆中的各种应用环境),而无需对壳体12进行任何修改,例如其可能是常规汽车的雨量传感器模块中用于适应准直和聚焦透镜的位置和/或取向的变化所必需的。
除了上述在壳体12的内部和盖板26之间提供无折射的光学耦合之外,透明化合物22还可以提供用于将挡风玻璃40的温度传递至温度感测元件20的导热介质。在非限制性示例中,透明化合物22可具有大于室温下空气的热导率的热导率(例如,大于约0.028瓦/米·开尔文(meter-kelvin))。在另一个示例中,透明化合物22可具有大于0.20瓦/米·开尔文的热导率。因此,来自挡风玻璃40的热量可以通过盖板26并且通过透明化合物22传导至温度感测元件20。可以是热电偶、负温度系数(NTC)元件、电阻温度检测器或类似装置的温度感测元件20可以将挡风玻璃40的测量出的温度传送到温度传感器控制器32(图1B)。然后,所测量的温度可以用于指示各种汽车系统(例如,自动除雾系统)的操作。
有利地,温度感测元件20与模块10的雨水感测元件被实现在相同的壳体12中,并且不需要常规的挡风玻璃温度传感器的任何机械部件(例如,弹簧、柔性电路板等)。因此,相对于常规的挡风玻璃温度传感器,模块10的温度感测元件20可以以显著降低的成本并且以较小的形状系数来实现。另外,由于缺乏与温度感测元件20相关联的机械部件,因此温度感测元件20不像常规的挡风玻璃温度传感器那样容易发生机械故障。
尽管上面已经将模块10描述为既包括雨水感测元件又包括挡风玻璃温度感测元件,但是可以想到,在各种实施例中,模块10可以仅实现为雨水传感器模块或仅实现为挡风玻璃温度传感器模块。也就是说,可以想到的是,仅雨水感测元件(即,光发射器16、光接收器18等)可以被实现,而挡风玻璃温度感测元件(即,温度感测元件20和温度传感器控制器32)可以省略,或者可以仅实现挡风玻璃温度传感元件,而可以省略雨水传感元件。值得注意的是,如果仅实现了挡风玻璃温度感测元件,则透明化合物22可以由具有良好导热性(例如,导热性优于空气的导热性)但是不一定透明的另一种化合物或其他材料代替。
如本文所使用的,以单数形式叙述并且以单词“一”或“一个”开头的元素或步骤应理解为不排除多个元素或步骤,除非明确地陈述了这种排除。此外,对本公开的“一个实施例”的引用无意被解释为排除也包含所叙述的特征的其他实施例的存在。
尽管本公开参考某些实施例,但是在不脱离如所附权利要求书所限定的本公开的领域和范围的情况下,可以对所描述的实施例进行多种修改、变更和改变。因此,本公开旨在不限于所描述的实施例,而是具有由所附权利要求及其等同物的语言所限定的全部范围。

Claims (20)

1.一种雨水感测模块,包括:
壳体,其包括由透明材料形成的盖板;
印刷电路板,其设置在壳体内并使光发射器和光接收器设置在所述印刷电路板上,其中,所述光接收器配置成接收由所述光发射器发射并从汽车挡风玻璃反射回来的光;以及
透明化合物,其设置在所述壳体内并填充所述印刷电路板和所述盖板之间的空间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的雨水感测模块,其中,所述盖板对于红外光是透明的,而对于可见光是不透明的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的雨水感测模块,其中,所述透明化合物围绕所述光发射器和所述光接收器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的雨水感测模块,其中,所述透明化合物的折射率等于所述盖板的折射率。
5.根据权利要求1所述的雨水感测模块,其中,所述透明化合物的折射率等于汽车挡风玻璃的折射率。
6.根据权利要求1所述的雨水感测模块,其中,所述透明化合物的折射率在1.45至1.55的范围内。
7.根据权利要求6所述的雨水感测模块,其中,所述透明化合物的折射率在1.50至1.525的范围内。
8.根据权利要求1所述的雨水感测模块,其中,所述透明化合物是液体或凝胶。
9.根据权利要求1所述的雨水感测模块,其中,所述透明化合物由硅树脂形成。
10.一种挡风玻璃温度感测模块,包括:
壳体,其包括适于安装到汽车的挡风玻璃的盖板;
印刷电路板,其设置在所述壳体内并且使温度感测元件设置在所述印刷电路板上;以及
化合物,其设置在所述壳体内并填充所述印刷电路板和所述盖板之间的空间;
其中,所述化合物在所述盖板和所述温度感测元件之间提供导热介质。
11.根据权利要求10所述的挡风玻璃温度感测模块,其中,所述化合物围绕所述温度感测元件。
12.根据权利要求10所述的挡风玻璃温度感测模块,其中,所述化合物在室温下具有大于0.028瓦/米·开尔文的热导率。
13.根据权利要求12所述的挡风玻璃温度感测模块,其中,所述化合物在室温下具有大于0.20瓦/米·开尔文的热导率。
14.一种雨水和温度感测模块,包括:
壳体,其包括由透明材料形成的盖板;
印刷电路板,其设置在壳体内并且使光发射器、光接收器和温度感测元件设置在所述印刷电路板上;以及
透明化合物,其设置在所述壳体内并填充所述印刷电路板和所述盖板之间的空间;
其中,所述化合物在所述盖板和所述温度感测元件之间提供导热介质。
15.根据权利要求14所述的雨水和温度感测模块,其中,所述盖板对于红外光是透明的,而对于可见光是不透明的。
16.根据权利要求14所述的雨水和温度感应测模块,其中,所述透明化合物围绕所述光发射器、所述光接收器和所述温度感测元件。
17.根据权利要求14所述的雨水和温度感测模块,其中,所述透明化合物的折射率在1.50至1.525的范围内。
18.根据权利要求14所述的雨水和温度感测模块,其中,所述透明化合物由硅树脂形成。
19.根据权利要求14所述的雨水和温度感测模块,其中,所述化合物在室温下具有大于0.028瓦/米·开尔文的热导率。
20.根据权利要求19所述的雨水和温度感测模块,其中,所述化合物在室温下具有大于0.20瓦/米·开尔文的热导率。
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