CN111713279B - Hardwood cutting propagation method for chaenomeles speciosa - Google Patents
Hardwood cutting propagation method for chaenomeles speciosa Download PDFInfo
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- CN111713279B CN111713279B CN202010588093.XA CN202010588093A CN111713279B CN 111713279 B CN111713279 B CN 111713279B CN 202010588093 A CN202010588093 A CN 202010588093A CN 111713279 B CN111713279 B CN 111713279B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cutting propagation of chaenomeles speciosa hard wood, which comprises the following steps: A. collecting cutting branches: picking strips at the end of autumn, storing in sand and keeping nutrients in winter; or picking in spring and inserting along with picking; B. preparing a cutting seedbed: laying a self-heating, ventilating and moisturizing seedbed; C. making a cutting shoot: manufacturing cutting slips in batches by using a cutting slip manufacturing machine; D. and (3) cutting treatment: soaking the cutting end in a treatment solution; E. cuttage: the cutting end (the lower part of the cutting) is downwards inserted into the seedbed; F. managing after cuttage: and (5) moisturizing and spraying. The invention provides a growing environment for the hardwood cutting of the chaenomeles speciosa, which can inhibit excessive nutrient consumption of excessive growth after germination at the upper end, promote the rooting at the cutting end and greatly improve the rooting rate and survival rate of the hardwood cutting of the chaenomeles speciosa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cuttage. In particular to a method for cutting propagation of chaenomeles speciosa hard wood.
Background
The hard branch cutting and the twig cutting of the chaenomeles sinensis are difficult to survive, wherein the hard branch cutting is the most difficult to survive; even if the chaenomeles speciosa hard branch cuttage is carried out under the condition of temperature and humidity control in a greenhouse, the survival rate is still less than 10 percent, which fully shows that the survival difficulty of the chaenomeles speciosa in cuttage is very high.
The key factor of the survival of the cuttage lies in whether the cuttage is rooted, and the discovery of the cuttage practice of the chaenomeles speciosa hard wood comprises the following steps: many chaenomeles speciosa cutting slips grow 10-15 cm after sprouting, still do not survive, and the cutting ends can generate callus and absorb nutrition at the initial stage of cutting slips, but can not root for a long time, and finally die due to rot gradually. The chaenomeles speciosa hard wood can survive for a long time after cuttage by storing nutrients and spraying water by the chaenomeles speciosa hard wood.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a chaenomeles sinensis hardwood cutting propagation method capable of improving the rooting rate of the chaenomeles sinensis.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the hardwood cutting propagation method of chaenomeles sinensis comprises the following steps:
A. collecting cutting branches: picking strips at the end of autumn, storing in sand and passing winter to promote and inhibit the decomposition of rooting substances;
B. preparing a cutting seedbed: laying a self-heating, ventilating and moisturizing seedbed;
C. making a cutting shoot: manufacturing cutting slips in batches by using a cutting slip manufacturing machine;
D. and (3) cutting treatment: soaking the cutting end in a treatment solution;
E. cuttage: inserting the cuttage end downwards into the seedbed, and watering the seedbed thoroughly after cuttage;
F. managing after cuttage: and (5) moisturizing and spraying.
The method for cutting propagation of chaenomeles speciosa hard wood comprises the following steps: annual branches are collected on a mother tree to serve as cuttings, and the cuttings grow vigorously, are free of diseases and insect pests, are tidy and consistent, and have the diameter of 0.5-1.0 cm.
The hardwood cutting propagation method for chaenomeles sinensis comprises the following steps: comprises a movable hard seedbed bottom plate, a pebble layer, a sawdust and coal slag mixed filling layer, a vermiculite layer and a humus layer; the humus soil layer is laid on the vermiculite layer, the vermiculite layer is laid on the sawdust coal slag mixed filling layer, the sawdust coal slag mixed filling layer is laid on the pebble layer, and the pebble layer is laid on the movable hard seedbed bottom plate; the movable hard seedbed bottom plate is provided with a through hole penetrating through the movable hard seedbed bottom plate.
According to the method for cutting propagation of chaenomeles sinensis hard branches, the through holes are tapered holes with the aperture gradually increasing from top to bottom, a temperature and humidity control transverse pipe is arranged between the vermiculite layer and the sawdust coal slag mixed filling layer and is communicated with the outside atmosphere through a ventilation pipe; and the temperature and humidity control transverse pipe is provided with a ventilation heat dissipation hole.
According to the method for cutting propagation of the chaenomeles speciosa hard wood, the gauze layer is sleeved on the temperature and humidity control horizontal tubes, and one line or two lines of chaenomeles speciosa cutting spikes are arranged between two adjacent temperature and humidity control horizontal tubes.
According to the hardwood cutting propagation method for chaenomeles speciosa, a sawdust column-shaped object filling layer is arranged between the sawdust coal slag mixed filling layer and the pebble layer; in the sawdust column-shaped object filling layer, the diameter of the sawdust column-shaped object is 1-2 mm, and the length of the sawdust column-shaped object is 3-7 mm.
The method for cutting propagation of chaenomeles speciosa hard wood comprises the following steps: the cutting-shoot making machine comprises a rack, a cutting carrier and a cutter for cutting, wherein the cutting carrier and the cutter for cutting are respectively arranged on the rack, and the cutter for cutting is in transmission connection with a driving mechanism arranged on the rack; the cutting carrier is provided with a cutting limiting groove; an included angle between the cutting direction of the cutting tool and the length direction of the cutting limiting groove is greater than or equal to 5 degrees and less than or equal to 85 degrees; under the driving of the driving mechanism, the cutting tool divides the cutting loaded in the cutting limiting groove into two sections, and each section of cutting is provided with a horse ear-shaped notch; selecting the middle upper part of the cutting as a cutting, wherein the length of the cutting is 10-14cm, the top and the lower part of the cutting are both horse ear-shaped cuts, a bud is reserved on the back of the horse ear-shaped cut on the lower part, and each cutting needs to carry 3-4 buds.
The method for cutting and propagating the papaya with the smooth peel hard branches comprises a hydraulic cylinder, wherein the hydraulic cylinder is installed on a rack, a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with two ends of a cutting tool, a cutting strip carrier is located under the cutting tool, the cutting tool comprises a tool rest and a blade, the blade is installed on the tool rest, two ends of the tool rest are fixedly connected with the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder through an installation block, a tool back of the blade is embedded in a clamping groove in the tool rest, the clamping groove is a necking through groove, a tightening bolt is arranged on the tool rest, and the lower end of the tightening bolt is in contact with the upper end of the tool back.
According to the hardwood cutting propagation method for chaenomeles speciosa, the cutting carrier comprises a first carrier and a second carrier, the first carrier and the second carrier are respectively installed on the rack, and a gap for a cutting edge part of the cutting tool to penetrate is formed between the second end of the first carrier and the first end of the second carrier; when the glabrous papaya cuttings are loaded on the cuttings carrier, one end of each glabrous papaya cuttings is fixed on the first carrier, the other end of each glabrous papaya cuttings is fixed on the second carrier, each first carrier and each second carrier respectively comprise a C-shaped clamp, an upper carrier plate and a lower carrier plate, an upper loading groove is formed in the lower plate surface of the upper carrier plate, and a lower loading groove is formed in the upper plate surface of the lower carrier plate; when the bare papaya cuttings are loaded on the cuttings carrier, the bare papaya cuttings are placed in a loading hole defined by the upper loading groove and the lower loading groove, the C-shaped clamp is clamped on the upper support plate and the lower support plate, and an adhesive tape is arranged in the upper loading groove.
The hardwood cutting propagation method for chaenomeles sinensis comprises the following steps: the treatment solution is IBA solution or NAA solution, the concentration of the IBA solution is 100-600mg/L, the concentration of the NAA solution is 100-600mg/L, and the treatment time is 5-120 min; in step F: spraying moisture once a day, wherein the spraying amount is preferably the surface moisture of the seedbed.
The technical scheme of the invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:
because the cuttage is performed in spring, the ground temperature rises slower than the temperature, and the ground temperature cannot be increased to be close to the temperature in a greenhouse even if the greenhouse is used for controlling the temperature, the self-heating seedbed can effectively increase the ground temperature near the cuttage end of the cutting shoot, and the cuttage end can rapidly take roots; the ventilated seedbed can effectively prevent the cutting end from rotting or mildewing and promote the respiration in the rooting process of the cutting end; the moisture-preserving seedbed provides necessary moisture for rooting of the cutting end and prevents the cutting end from losing water; therefore, the heat-supplying, air-permeable and moisture-preserving seedbed provides a growth environment for promoting rooting for the hard-branch cutting of the chaenomeles speciosa.
The vermiculite layer and the sawdust and coal slag mixed filling layer form a porous matrix layer capable of storing water, and the matrix layer has good separability with the lower end of the cutting, so that the lower end of the cutting is convenient to breathe, the decay of anaerobic bacteria is effectively inhibited, and the cutting is favorable for rooting. The temperature and humidity between the vermiculite layer and the sawdust coal slag mixed filling layer are controlled by the temperature and humidity control transverse pipe, so that people can conveniently control the ground temperature through watering or other modes, and a better environment is created for the cutting rooting. The heat preservation effect of the vermiculite layer and the sawdust in the sawdust and coal slag mixture filling layer can generate certain heat in the microbial degradation process, so that the ground temperature is improved, and the rooting rate of the cuttings is improved.
The cutting machine can cut a plurality of cuttings at one time, so that the end parts of the lower ends of the plurality of cuttings have horse ear-shaped inclined planes, the cutting efficiency is improved, the workload of workers is reduced, and the safety in the cutting process is improved. Simple structure, convenient operation and easy popularization and application.
The pebble layer, the vermiculite layer and the ventilation equipment are ingeniously designed, the pebble layer at the lower part of the cuttage end is ventilated, drained and prevented from being over-wet, the middle sawdust and coal slag mixed filling layer keeps the cuttage end moist and absorbs water, the ventilation equipment such as the vermiculite layer and the air holes at the upper part guarantees ventilation, not only can the root breathing be promoted to be not mildewed, but also the cuttage section can be guaranteed to absorb water and nutrients, meanwhile, the ground heating equipment is utilized to provide a series of rooting promotion measures such as the optimal temperature for rooting of the chaenomeles speciosa, and the survival rate of the chaenomeles speciosa hard branch cuttage is greatly improved.
The invention provides a growing environment for the hardwood cutting of the chaenomeles speciosa, which can inhibit excessive nutrient consumption of excessive growth after germination at the upper end, promote the rooting at the cutting end and greatly improve the rooting rate and survival rate of the hardwood cutting of the chaenomeles speciosa.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a Chaenomeles sinensis (Koehne) nakai cutting nursery of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a temperature and humidity control horizontal pipe of a Chaenomeles sinensis cutting nursery.
In the figures, the reference numbers are given by: 1-movable hard seedbed bottom plate; 2-humus soil layer; 3-vermiculite layer; 4-sawdust and coal slag mixed filling layer; 5-pebble layer; 6-through holes; 7-preparing a column filling layer by sawdust; 8-temperature and humidity control horizontal pipe; 9-ventilating and radiating holes; 10-a vent pipe; 11-gauze layer.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a bare papaya slip making machine according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a cutting tool of the bare papaya slip maker according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a first carrier of a slip carrier of the bare papaya slip maker according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a lower carrier plate of a first carrier of a slip carrier of a bare papaya slip maker according to the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures denote: 1-a frame; 2-a hydraulic cylinder; 3-a tool holder; 4-a blade; 5-a slip carrier, 5-1-a lower carrier plate, 5-2-an upper carrier plate, 5-3-an adhesive tape, 5-4-a lower loading groove and 5-5-C-shaped clamps; 6-a piston rod; 7-mounting a block; 8-tightening the bolt; 9-knife back.
Detailed Description
The method for cutting propagation of chaenomeles speciosa hard wood comprises the following steps:
A. collecting cutting branches: picking strips at the end of autumn, storing in sand and passing winter to promote and inhibit the decomposition of rooting substances;
annual branches are collected on a mother tree to serve as cuttings, and the cuttings grow vigorously, are free of diseases and insect pests, are tidy and consistent, and have the diameter of 0.5-1.0 cm.
B. Preparing a cutting seedbed: laying a self-heating, ventilating and moisturizing seedbed;
as shown in fig. 1, the chaenomeles speciosa cuttage nursery comprises a movable hard seedbed bottom plate 1, a pebble layer 5, a sawdust and coal slag mixed filling layer 4, a vermiculite layer 3 and a humus layer 2; the humus soil layer 2 is laid on the vermiculite layer 3, the vermiculite layer 3 is laid on the sawdust coal slag mixed filling layer 4, the sawdust coal slag mixed filling layer 4 is laid on the pebble layer 5, and the pebble layer 5 is laid on the movable hard seedbed bottom plate 1; the movable hard seedbed bottom plate 1 is provided with a through hole 6 penetrating through the movable hard seedbed bottom plate 1, and the through hole 6 is a tapered hole with the aperture gradually increasing from top to bottom.
After the coal slag and the saw dust are mixed, because the coal slag contains oxide which reacts when meeting water and the saw dust is usually mixed with some microorganisms which can degrade the saw dust, the mixture of the coal slag and the saw dust is laid above the pebble layer 5 to form the saw dust coal slag mixed filling layer 4, after a certain amount of water is sprayed, the vermiculite layer 3 and the humus layer 2 are laid, and when the vermiculite layer 3 is laid, a certain amount of water needs to be sprayed on the vermiculite layer 3. And after the Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne cutting nursery is laid for 2-4 days, inserting the Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne cutting slips into the Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne cutting nursery, and enabling the lower end part of the Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne cutting slips to be located in the sawdust and coal slag mixed filling layer 4 by about 2 cm. And after the glabrous papaya cutting slips are inserted into the glabrous papaya cutting nursery, measuring the temperature and humidity of the positions of the lower ends of the glabrous papaya cutting slips. The vermiculite layer 3 with the mixed filling layer of sawdust cinder 4 makes water can not wrap up on the skin of light skin papaya cutting slips lower extreme to do not influence the respiration of light skin papaya cutting slips lower extreme, can provide moisture for light skin papaya cutting slips simultaneously again, and then is favorable to the root hair of growing out of light skin papaya cutting slips lower extreme.
In order to better control the temperature and humidity of the vermiculite layer 3 and the sawdust coal slag mixed filling layer 4, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a temperature and humidity control horizontal pipe 8 is arranged between the vermiculite layer 3 and the sawdust coal slag mixed filling layer 4, and the temperature and humidity control horizontal pipe 8 is communicated with the outside atmosphere through a ventilation pipe 10; the temperature and humidity control horizontal pipe 8 is provided with a ventilating and heat dissipation hole 9, and the temperature and humidity control horizontal pipe 8 is sleeved with a gauze layer 11. When the temperature of the vermiculite layer 3 and the sawdust coal slag mixed filling layer 4 is lower, hot air of 20-30 ℃ can be blown into the vermiculite layer 3 and the sawdust coal slag mixed filling layer 4 through the ventilation pipe 10, the temperature and humidity control horizontal pipe 8 and the ventilation and heat dissipation holes 9. In order to save the usage amount of the temperature and humidity control horizontal pipes 8 and simultaneously not affect the control of the ground temperature, two rows of chaenomeles speciosa cutting ears are arranged between every two adjacent temperature and humidity control horizontal pipes 8.
In addition, a sawdust column-shaped object filling layer 7 is arranged between the sawdust coal slag mixed filling layer 4 and the pebble layer 5; in the sawdust column-shaped object filling layer 7, the diameter of the sawdust column-shaped object is 2mm, and the length is 5 mm. The added sawdust column-shaped object filling layer 7 can improve the temperature of the depth of the lower end of the smooth-skinned pawpaw cutting shoot, and meanwhile, water in the vermiculite layer 3 and the sawdust coal slag mixed filling layer 4 is prevented from excessively infiltrating downwards under the action of vapor pressure difference.
When each layer is paved, water is sprayed once, wherein when the sawdust and coal slag mixed filling layer 4 and the vermiculite layer 3 are paved, the water spraying amount is larger than that when other layers are paved. After each layer is paved, the layer needs to be parked for several days and then the cutting of the papaya cutting shoots is carried out, so that the temperature of the vermiculite layer 3 and the sawdust and coal slag mixed filling layer 4 is increased, and a proper temperature is provided for the rooting of the papaya cutting shoots.
C. Making a cutting shoot: making cutting slips in batches by using a cutting slip making machine, selecting the middle upper part of each cutting slip as the cutting slip, wherein the length of the cutting slip is 10-14cm, the top and the lower part of each cutting slip are horse ear-shaped cuts, a bud is reserved on the back of the horse ear-shaped cut at the lower part, and each cutting slip is required to carry 3-4 buds;
as shown in fig. 3 to 6, the papaya fruit slip maker comprises a frame 1, a slip carrier 5 and a cutter for cutting, wherein the slip carrier 5 and the cutter for cutting are respectively installed on the frame 1, and the cutter for cutting is in transmission connection with a driving mechanism installed on the frame 1; the cutting carrier 5 is provided with a cutting limiting groove; the included angle between the cutting direction of the cutting tool and the length direction of the cutting limiting groove is 15 degrees; under the driving of the driving mechanism, the cutting tool divides the cutting slips loaded in the cutting slip limiting grooves into two sections, and each section of cutting slip is provided with a horse ear-shaped notch.
The driving mechanism comprises a hydraulic cylinder 2, the hydraulic cylinder 2 is installed on the rack 1, a piston rod 6 of the hydraulic cylinder 2 is fixedly connected with two ends of the cutting tool, and the cutting carrier 5 is located right below the cutting tool.
The cutter for cutting comprises a cutter frame 3 and a blade 4, wherein the blade 4 is installed on the cutter frame 3, and two ends of the cutter frame 3 are fixedly connected with a piston rod 6 of the hydraulic cylinder 2 through an installation block 7. The back of the knife 9 of the blade 4 is embedded in a clamping groove on the tool holder 3, and the clamping groove is a necking through groove. And a puller bolt 8 is arranged on the tool rest 3, and the lower end of the puller bolt 8 is contacted with the upper end of the tool back 9.
When lay smooth skin papaya on the cutting carrier 5 and insert the ear after, start pneumatic cylinder 2, piston rod 6 follows stretch out in the hydro-cylinder of pneumatic cylinder 2, piston rod 6 passes through cutter frame 3 drives blade 4 downstream, until will place smooth skin papaya on the cutting carrier 5 is cut into two sections, then utilizes pneumatic cylinder 2 will the cutter for the cutting is lifted up, loads the smooth skin papaya cutting of next batch pending and inserts the ear.
In this embodiment, the slip carrier 5 includes a first carrier and a second carrier, the first carrier and the second carrier are respectively mounted on the rack 1, and a gap for the cutting tool blade to pass through is provided between the second end of the first carrier and the first end of the second carrier; when the glabrous-skin papaya cuttings are loaded on the cuttings carrier 5, one end of each glabrous-skin papaya cuttings is fixed on the first carrier, and the other end of each glabrous-skin papaya cuttings is fixed on the second carrier. The first carrier and the second carrier respectively comprise a C-shaped clamp 5-5, an upper loading plate 5-2 and a lower loading plate 5-1, an upper loading groove is formed in the lower plate surface of the upper loading plate 5-2, an adhesive tape 5-3 is arranged in the upper loading groove, and a lower loading groove 5-4 is formed in the upper plate surface of the lower loading plate 5-1; when the glabrous papaya cuttings are loaded on the cuttings carrier 5, the glabrous papaya cuttings are placed in a loading hole defined by the upper loading groove and the lower loading groove 5-4, and the C-shaped clamps 5-5 are clamped on the upper support plate 5-2 and the lower support plate 5-1. The adhesive tape 5-3 is beneficial to stable posture after the bare papaya cutting slips are placed in the loading hole, the cutter for cutting is convenient to use to quickly cut off the bare papaya cutting slips, the cut section is beneficial to being neat, and the cut at the end part of the bare papaya cutting slips can not be torn due to the overturning of the bare papaya cutting slips.
When the device is used, two ends of the cutting slips of the glabrous papaya are placed in the lower loading grooves 5-4 of the first carrier and the second carrier, then the upper loading plate 5-2 is placed on the lower loading plate 5-1, the positions of the upper loading grooves and the positions of the lower loading grooves 5-4 are in one-to-one correspondence, and the upper loading plate 5-2 and the lower loading plate 5-1 are clamped together by the C-shaped clamp 5-5. And then the hydraulic cylinder 2 is used for driving the cutting tool to cut the smooth-skinned papaya cuttings into two sections. The number of the smooth-skinned pawpaw cutting slips capable of being contained in each lower loading groove 5-4 depends on the size of the lower loading groove 5-4 and the thickness of the smooth-skinned pawpaw cutting slips.
D. And (3) cutting treatment: soaking the cutting end in a treatment solution; the treatment solution is NAA solution with concentration of 200mg/L and treatment time of 30 min.
E. Cuttage: the cuttage end is downwards inserted into the seedbed, and the seedbed is watered thoroughly after cuttage.
F. Managing after cuttage: spraying moisture once every day, wherein the spraying amount is preferably the surface moisture of the seedbed; and counting for 3 months, wherein the rooting survival rate is about 73%.
Because the cuttage is selected in spring, the ground temperature rises slower than the temperature, and the ground temperature cannot be increased to be close to the temperature in a greenhouse even if the greenhouse is adopted for temperature control in the prior art, the self-heating seedbed can effectively improve the ground temperature near the cuttage end of the cutting shoot, and the cuttage end can rapidly take root; the ventilated seedbed can effectively prevent the cutting end from rotting or mildewing and promote the respiration in the rooting process of the cutting end; the moisture-preserving seedbed provides necessary moisture for rooting of the cutting end and prevents the cutting end from losing water; therefore, the self-heating, air-permeable and moisture-preserving seedbed provides a growing environment for the hardwood cutting of the chaenomeles speciosa for inhibiting the upper end from sprouting and continuing to grow and promoting the cutting end to root.
The vermiculite layer and the sawdust coal slag mixed filling layer form a porous substrate layer capable of storing water, and the substrate layer has better separability with the lower end of the cutting spike, so that the lower end of the cutting spike can conveniently perform respiration, the decay of anaerobic bacteria is effectively inhibited, and the cutting spike is favorable for rooting. The temperature and humidity between the vermiculite layer and the sawdust coal slag mixed filling layer are controlled by the temperature and humidity control transverse pipe, so that people can conveniently control the ground temperature through watering or other modes, and a better environment is created for the cutting rooting. The heat preservation effect of the vermiculite layer and the capability of generating certain heat in the microbial degradation process of the sawdust in the sawdust coal slag mixture filling layer are utilized, so that the ground temperature is improved, and the improvement of the cutting rooting rate is facilitated.
The cutting machine can cut a plurality of cuttings at one time, so that the end parts of the lower ends of the plurality of cuttings have horse ear-shaped inclined planes, the cutting efficiency is improved, the workload of workers is reduced, and the safety in the cutting process is improved. Simple structure, convenient operation and easy popularization and application.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications are possible which remain within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. The hardwood cutting propagation method for chaenomeles sinensis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. collecting cutting branches: picking strips at the end of autumn, storing in sand and passing winter to promote and inhibit the decomposition of rooting substances; collecting annual branches on a mother tree as cuttings, wherein the cuttings grow vigorously, do not have diseases and insect pests, are tidy and consistent, and have the diameter of 0.5-1.0 cm;
B. preparing a cutting seedbed: laying a self-heating, ventilating and moisturizing seedbed;
in step B: the seedbed comprises a movable hard seedbed bottom plate (1), a pebble layer (5), a sawdust and coal slag mixed filling layer (4), a vermiculite layer (3) and a humus layer (2); the humus soil layer (2) is laid on the vermiculite layer (3), the vermiculite layer (3) is laid on the sawdust and coal slag mixed filling layer (4), the sawdust and coal slag mixed filling layer (4) is laid on the pebble layer (5), and the pebble layer (5) is laid on the movable hard seedbed bottom plate (1); the movable hard seedbed bottom plate (1) is provided with a through hole (6) penetrating through the movable hard seedbed bottom plate (1);
the through hole (6) is a conical hole with the aperture gradually increasing from top to bottom; a temperature and humidity control transverse pipe (8) is arranged between the vermiculite layer (3) and the sawdust coal slag mixed filling layer (4), and the temperature and humidity control transverse pipe (8) is communicated with the outside atmosphere through a ventilation pipe (10); the temperature and humidity control horizontal pipe (8) is provided with a ventilation heat dissipation hole (9);
a gauze layer (11) is sleeved on the temperature and humidity control horizontal pipe (8); one or two rows of chaenomeles speciosa cutting spikes are arranged between two adjacent temperature and humidity control horizontal pipes (8);
a sawdust column-shaped object filling layer (7) is arranged between the sawdust coal slag mixed filling layer (4) and the pebble layer (5); in the sawdust column-shaped object filling layer (7), the diameter of the sawdust column-shaped object is 1-2 mm, and the length of the sawdust column-shaped object is 3-7 mm;
C. making a cutting shoot: manufacturing cutting slips in batches by using a cutting slip manufacturing machine;
D. and (3) cutting treatment: soaking the cutting end in a treatment solution;
E. cuttage: inserting the cutting end downwards into the seedbed, and thoroughly watering the seedbed after cutting;
F. managing after cuttage: moisture-keeping spraying;
in step C: the cutting making machine comprises a rack (1), a cutting carrier (5) and a cutting tool, wherein the cutting carrier (5) and the cutting tool are respectively arranged on the rack (1), and the cutting tool is in transmission connection with a driving mechanism arranged on the rack (1); the cutting carrier (5) is provided with a cutting limiting groove; an included angle between the cutting direction of the cutting tool and the length direction of the cutting limiting groove is greater than or equal to 5 degrees and less than or equal to 85 degrees; under the driving of the driving mechanism, the cutting tool divides the cutting loaded in the cutting limiting groove into two sections, and each section of cutting is provided with a horse ear-shaped notch; selecting the middle upper part of the cutting as a cutting, wherein the length of the cutting is 10-14cm, the top and the lower part of the cutting are both horse ear-shaped cuts, a bud is reserved on the back of the horse ear-shaped cut on the lower part, and each cutting is carried with 3-4 buds;
the driving mechanism comprises a hydraulic cylinder (2), the hydraulic cylinder (2) is installed on the rack (1), a piston rod (6) of the hydraulic cylinder (2) is fixedly connected with two ends of the cutting tool, and the cutting carrier (5) is located right below the cutting tool; the cutting tool comprises a tool rest (3) and a blade (4), the blade (4) is installed on the tool rest (3), and two ends of the tool rest (3) are fixedly connected with a piston rod (6) of the hydraulic cylinder (2) through an installation block (7); the back (9) of the blade (4) is embedded in a clamping groove on the tool holder (3), and the clamping groove is a necking through groove; a puller bolt (8) is arranged on the cutter frame (3), and the lower end of the puller bolt (8) is in contact with the upper end of the cutter back (9);
the cutting strip carrier (5) comprises a first carrier and a second carrier, the first carrier and the second carrier are respectively installed on the rack (1), and a gap for the cutting edge part of the cutting tool to pass through is formed between the second end of the first carrier and the first end of the second carrier; when the bare papaya cuttings are loaded on the cutting carrier (5), one end of the bare papaya cuttings is fixed on the first carrier, and the other end of the bare papaya cuttings is fixed on the second carrier; the first carrier and the second carrier respectively comprise a C-shaped clamp (5-5), an upper carrier plate (5-2) and a lower carrier plate (5-1), an upper loading groove is formed in the lower plate surface of the upper carrier plate (5-2), and a lower loading groove (5-4) is formed in the upper plate surface of the lower carrier plate (5-1); when the glabrous-skin papaya cuttings are loaded on the cuttings carrier (5), the glabrous-skin papaya cuttings are placed in a loading hole defined by the upper loading groove and the lower loading groove (5-4), and the C-shaped clamp (5-5) is clamped on the upper support plate (5-2) and the lower support plate (5-1); and an adhesive tape (5-3) is arranged in the upper loading groove.
2. The hardwood cutting propagation method for chaenomeles speciosa as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step D: the treatment solution is IBA solution or NAA solution, the concentration of the IBA solution is 100-600mg/L, the concentration of the NAA solution is 100-600mg/L, and the treatment time is 5-120 min;
in step F: spraying moisture once a day, wherein the spraying amount is preferably the surface moisture of the seedbed.
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| CN113557859B (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2023-08-04 | 新疆林业科学院 | Cutting device for fructus oleaster spike strips |
| CN114303664B (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-08-16 | 苏州农业职业技术学院 | Crape myrtle hardwood cutting propagation method |
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Effective date of registration: 20230620 Address after: 473267 Jinhua Industrial Park, Liuhe Duanzhuang Village, Fangcheng County, Nanyang City, Henan Province Patentee after: NANYANG DAODI CUBICUS BOXFISH BIOTECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 450003, No. five, No. 3, latitude road, Jinshui District, Henan, Zhengzhou Patentee before: Paulownia Research and Development Center of State Forestry and Grassland Bureau |