CN111704439A - 一种用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的陶瓷泥料及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的陶瓷泥料及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的陶瓷泥料及制备方法,其陶瓷泥料包括以下原料:(1)固体原料为包括以下质量分数的原料:粒径为15~25μm的氧化铝粉:65%~75%,粒径为3~10μm的氧化铝粉:15%~25%,造孔剂:3%~7%,烧结助剂:5%~8%;(2)液体原料为包括以下质量分数的原料:分散剂:15%~25%,润滑剂:10%~15%,纯水:60%~70%;所述固体原料与所述液体原料的重量比为(3~6):1。本发明简化了生产工艺,仅涂覆一次与烧结一次即可获得孔径100nm的平板陶瓷膜,生产成本可以降低10%以上;产品具有渗透性好、分离精度高、抗污染性强等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷膜生产技术领域,具体涉及一种用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的陶瓷泥料及制备方法。
背景技术
目前人们的生活质量越来越好,对水质的要求也在逐渐提升。现有饮用水处理技术除了传统的物理法结合药剂处理,还有膜分离技术在饮用水领域得到广泛应用。膜技术在水处理行业应用时大多数使用有机膜,但有机物在使用过程中存在抗氧化和耐高温能力通常较差,比如在水处理中当污染物种类较多时其渗透通量下降较快,因此其应用领域受到限制。与有机膜相比,陶瓷膜在很多方面具备优势,运行费用低,渗透通量大,抗污染能力强,使得陶瓷膜在水处理领域的使用寿命大大提高。
现有的文献资料研究,例如:中国专利文献CN 104785123A公开了一种中空纤维陶瓷膜制备方法,制备过程复杂,涉及有机溶剂较多,在自来水处理的长期运行中存在弊端。综合现有的专利及文献资料研究,用的陶瓷膜不仅要求渗透性能佳,另需考虑分离精度达标,即陶瓷膜平均孔径基本在于自来水处理100nm左右。但是,目前市场上制备孔径100nm的陶瓷膜通常是在基底上通过至少两次涂覆制膜液两次烧成才能得到,使得制备成本较大,陶瓷膜的造价高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的陶瓷泥料及制备方法,以解决现有技术中存在的需要至少两次涂覆制膜液两次烧成、造价高的问题。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的陶瓷泥料,其特征在于,包括以下原料:
(1)固体原料为包括以下质量分数的原料:粒径为15~25μm的氧化铝粉:65%~75%,粒径为3~10μm的氧化铝粉:15%~25%,造孔剂:3%~7%,烧结助剂:5%~8%;
(2)液体原料为包括以下质量分数的原料:分散剂:15%~25%,润滑剂:10%~15%,纯水:60%~70%;
所述固体原料与所述液体原料的重量比为(3~6):1;
所述造孔剂为淀粉、甲基纤维素或玉米粉的一种或几种,其平均粒径为100~150μm;所述烧结助剂为滑石粉、云母粉或石英石的一种或者几种,其平均粒径为2~5μm;所述分散剂为聚乙二醇或/和聚丙烯酸,所述聚乙二醇的分子量为400~600,所述聚丙烯酸的分子量为500~1000;所述润滑剂为甘油、硅油润滑剂或聚酯润滑剂的一种或者几种。
本发明所述的一种用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)陶瓷泥料的制备:将所述固体原料和所述液体原料分别混合均匀;将所述液体原料加入持续搅拌的所述固体原料中,混合均匀后密闭陈腐12~24h,得到陶瓷泥料;
(2)素坯的制备:采用两段螺杆挤出成型法,将所述陶瓷泥料投入螺杆挤出机中真空练泥并挤出成型,挤出速度为0.5~1.5m/min,挤出温度为15~25℃,挤出压力为1~3bar;切割得到湿素胚;
(3)素坯的干燥:将所述湿素坯置于常温下自然干燥8~20h,然后送入热风干燥窑中,在6~10h内从20℃缓慢升温至60~70℃干燥,得到干素胚;
(4)素坯的烧结:将所述干素坯送入梭式窑中烧结,升温速率为2~5℃/h,在1250~1400℃下烧结,保温时间1.5~3h后降温,降温速率为1~3℃/h,冷却后得到陶瓷支撑体;
(5)涂覆制膜液:将所述陶瓷支撑体浸入所述氧化铝制膜液中,浸渍45~90s后将所述陶瓷支撑体缓慢提起,再送入热风干燥窑中,在6~12h内从20℃缓慢升温至60℃干燥;
(6)膜层烧结:将干燥后的陶瓷支撑体送入梭式窑中烧结,升温速率为2~4℃/h,在1150~1300℃下烧结,保温时间1.5~3h后降温,降温速率为1~3℃/h,冷却后得到本发明的用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜;
所述氧化铝制膜液的粘度为40~80mP·s、粒径为0.6~1μm、固含量为17%~20%。
优选地,在所述步骤(1)中,将所述液体原料以喷洒的方式加入持续搅拌的所述固体原料中。
优选地,在所述步骤(2)中,采用红外线进行切割得到所述湿素胚,可以避免平板陶瓷膜素胚在挤出过程中变形的问题。
优选地,在所述步骤(3)中,所述热风干燥窑中,干燥温度的升温速率为4~6℃/h,通过平缓升温避免素坯因水分蒸发太快引起的开裂或者变形问题。
优选地,在所述步骤(5)中,先要将所述氧化铝制膜液抽真空,去除制膜液中的空气;所述氧化铝制膜液的温度是25~35℃。
本发明与现有技术相比,有如下好处:
本发明简化了生产工艺,采用合适粒径的氧化铝粉体,制备出孔径均匀的平板陶瓷支撑体;采用合适的制膜液在支撑体上仅涂覆一次与烧结一次,即可获得孔径100nm的平板陶瓷膜,生产成本可以降低10%以上;所制成的平板陶瓷膜用于自来水处理,具有渗透性好、分离精度高、抗污染性强等优点。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,本实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
一种用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的陶瓷泥料为:
(1)固体原料:平均粒径18μm的氧化铝粉体、平均粒径5μm的氧化铝粉体、甲基纤维素、滑石粉按72wt%:18wt%:3wt%:7wt%的比例混合,总质量120kg;(2)液体原料:分子量为400的聚丙烯酸、甘油、纯水按25wt%:15wt%:60wt%的比例混合,总质量为20kg;固体原料和液体原料的重量比为6:1。
一种用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)陶瓷泥料的制备:将所述固体原料和所述液体原料分别混合均匀;再以喷雾的方式将所述液体原料加入持续搅拌的所述固体原料中,混合均匀后密闭陈腐12h,得到陶瓷泥料;
(2)素坯的制备:采用两段螺杆挤出成型法,将所述陶瓷泥料投入螺杆挤出机中真空练泥并挤出成型,挤出速度为1.0m/min,挤出温度为20℃,挤出压力为1.5MPa;将挤出成型的泥料送至传送带上,保证传输皮带的速度与挤出速度一致,采用红外线切割得到湿素胚;
(3)素坯的干燥:通过自动抓取手将挤出的素胚放置在铺有海绵的多孔不钢板上,置于常温下自然干燥8h,然后送入热风干燥窑中,在10h内从20℃缓慢升温至65℃干燥,得到素胚;
(4)素坯的烧结:将所述素坯送入梭式窑中烧结,升温速率为3℃/h,在1280℃下烧结,保温时间2.5h后降温,降温速率为4℃/h,冷却后得到陶瓷支撑体;
(5)涂覆制膜液:将粘度为50mP·s、粒径为0.8μm、固含量为18%的氧化铝制膜液抽真空,去除制膜液中的空气;将所述陶瓷支撑体浸入30℃的所述氧化铝制膜液中,浸渍50s后将所述陶瓷支撑体缓慢提起,在陶瓷支撑体上形成一定厚度的膜层,然后送入热风干燥窑中,在7h内从20℃缓慢升温至60℃干燥;
(6)膜层烧结:将干燥后的陶瓷支撑体送入梭式窑中烧结,升温速率为2℃/h,在1150℃下烧结,保温时间2h后降温,降温速率为3℃/h,冷却后得到本发明的用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜。
实施例1得到的平板陶瓷膜的平均孔径114nm,纯水通量1520L/(m2·h),膜层厚度约25μm。
实施例2
一种用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的陶瓷泥料为:
(1)固体原料:平均粒径24μm的氧化铝粉体、平均粒径8μm的氧化铝粉体、淀粉、滑石粉按70wt%:20wt%:3.5wt%:6.5wt%的比例混合,总质量100kg;(2)液体原料:分子量为600的聚乙二醇、甘油、纯水按24wt%:11wt%:65wt%的比例混合,总质量为20kg;固体原料和液体原料的重量比为5:1。
一种用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)陶瓷泥料的制备:将所述固体原料和所述液体原料分别混合均匀;再以喷雾的方式将所述液体原料加入持续搅拌的所述固体原料中,混合均匀后密闭陈腐24h,得到陶瓷泥料;
(2)素坯的制备:采用两段螺杆挤出成型法,将所述陶瓷泥料投入螺杆挤出机中真空练泥并挤出成型,挤出速度为1.2m/min,挤出温度为22℃,挤出压力为1.8MPa;将挤出成型的泥料送至传送带上,保证传输皮带的速度与挤出速度一致,采用红外线切割得到湿素胚;
(3)素坯的干燥:通过自动抓取手将挤出的素胚放置在铺有海绵的多孔不钢板上,置于常温下自然干燥20h,然后送入热风干燥窑中,在14h内从20℃缓慢升温至60℃干燥,得到素胚;
(4)素坯的烧结:将所述素坯送入梭式窑中烧结,升温速率为4℃/h,在1300℃下烧结,保温时间1.5h后降温,降温速率为3℃/h,冷却后得到陶瓷支撑体;
(5)涂覆制膜液:将粘度为60mP·s、粒径为0.7μm、固含量为19%的氧化铝制膜液抽真空,去除制膜液的空气;将所述陶瓷支撑体浸入25℃的所述氧化铝制膜液中,浸渍70s后将所述陶瓷支撑体缓慢提起,在陶瓷支撑体上形成一定厚度的膜层,然后送入热风干燥窑中,在9h内从20℃缓慢升温至60℃干燥;
(6)膜层烧结:将干燥后的陶瓷支撑体送入梭式窑中烧结,升温速率为2.5℃/h,在1200℃下烧结,保温时间2h后降温,降温速率为2.5℃/h,冷却后得到本发明的用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜。
实施例2得到的平板陶瓷膜的平均孔径108nm,纯水通量1480L/(m2·h),膜层厚度约35μm。
实施例3
一种用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的陶瓷泥料为:
(1)固体原料:平均粒径20μm的氧化铝粉体、平均粒径3μm的氧化铝粉体、玉米粉、云母粉按68wt%:22wt%:4wt%:6wt%的比例混合,总质量80kg;(2)液体原料:分子量为400的聚乙二醇、聚酯润滑剂、纯水按18wt%:14wt%:68wt%的比例混合,总质量为20kg;固体原料和液体原料的重量比为4:1。
一种用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)陶瓷泥料的制备:将所述固体原料和所述液体原料分别混合均匀;再以喷雾的方式将所述液体原料加入持续搅拌的所述固体原料中,混合均匀后密闭陈腐16h,得到陶瓷泥料;
(2)素坯的制备:采用两段螺杆挤出成型法,将所述陶瓷泥料投入螺杆挤出机中真空练泥并挤出成型,挤出速度为1.5m/min,挤出温度为22℃,挤出压力为2.2MPa;将挤出成型的泥料送至传送带上,保证传输皮带的速度与挤出速度一致,采用红外线切割得到湿素胚;
(3)素坯的干燥:通过自动抓取手将挤出的素胚放置在铺有海绵的多孔不钢板上,置于常温下自然干燥15h,然后送入热风干燥窑中,在16h内从20℃缓慢升温至70℃干燥,得到素胚;
(4)素坯的烧结:将所述素坯送入梭式窑中烧结,升温速率为4℃/h,在1340℃下烧结,保温时间2h后降温,降温速率为4℃/h,冷却后得到陶瓷支撑体;
(5)涂覆制膜液:将粘度为75mP·s、粒径为0.9μm、固含量为19%的氧化铝制膜液抽真空,去除制膜液的空气;将所述陶瓷支撑体浸入28℃的所述氧化铝制膜液中,浸渍60s后将所述陶瓷支撑体缓慢提起,在陶瓷支撑体上形成一定厚度的膜层,然后送入热风干燥窑中,在12h内从20℃缓慢升温至60℃干燥;
(6)膜层烧结:将干燥后的陶瓷支撑体送入梭式窑中烧结,升温速率为2℃/h,在1230℃下烧结,保温时间2h后降温,降温速率为2℃/h,冷却后得到本发明的用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜。
实施例3得到的平板陶瓷膜的平均孔径110nm,纯水通量1500L/(m2·h),膜层厚度约30μm。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的陶瓷泥料,其特征在于,包括以下原料:
(1)固体原料为包括以下质量分数的原料:粒径为15~25μm的氧化铝粉:65%~75%,粒径为3~10μm的氧化铝粉:15%~25%,造孔剂:3%~7%,烧结助剂:5%~8%;
(2)液体原料为包括以下质量分数的原料:分散剂:15%~25%,润滑剂:10%~15%,纯水:60%~70%;
所述固体原料与所述液体原料的重量比为(3~6):1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的陶瓷泥料,其特征在于,所述造孔剂为淀粉、甲基纤维素或玉米粉的一种或几种,其平均粒径为100~150μm;所述烧结助剂为滑石粉、云母粉或石英石的一种或者几种,其平均粒径为2~5μm;所述分散剂为聚乙二醇或/和聚丙烯酸,所述聚乙二醇的分子量为400~600,所述聚丙烯酸的分子量为500~1000;所述润滑剂为甘油、硅油润滑剂或聚酯润滑剂的一种或者几种。
3.一种采用权利要求1或2所述的陶瓷泥料制备的用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)陶瓷泥料的制备:将所述固体原料和所述液体原料分别混合均匀;将所述液体原料加入持续搅拌的所述固体原料中,混合均匀后密闭陈腐12~24h,得到陶瓷泥料;
(2)素坯的制备:采用两段螺杆挤出成型法,将所述陶瓷泥料投入螺杆挤出机中真空练泥并挤出成型,挤出速度为0.5~1.5m/min,挤出温度为15~25℃,挤出压力为1~3bar;切割得到湿素胚;
(3)素坯的干燥:将所述湿素坯置于常温下自然干燥8~20h,然后送入热风干燥窑中,在6~10h内从20℃缓慢升温至60~70℃干燥,得到干素胚;
(4)素坯的烧结:将所述干素坯送入梭式窑中烧结,升温速率为2~5℃/h,在1250~1400℃下烧结,保温时间1.5~3h后降温,降温速率为1~3℃/h,冷却后得到陶瓷支撑体;
(5)涂覆制膜液:将所述陶瓷支撑体浸入所述氧化铝制膜液中,浸渍45~90s后将所述陶瓷支撑体缓慢提起,再送入热风干燥窑中,在6~12h内从20℃缓慢升温至60℃干燥;
(6)膜层烧结:将干燥后的陶瓷支撑体送入梭式窑中烧结,升温速率为2~4℃/h,在1150~1300℃下烧结,保温时间1.5~3h后降温,降温速率为1~3℃/h,冷却后得到本发明的用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氧化铝制膜液的粘度为40~80mP·s、粒径为0.6~1μm、固含量为17%~20%。
5.根据权利要求3所述的用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤(1)中,将所述液体原料以喷洒的方式加入持续搅拌的所述固体原料中。
6.根据权利要求3所述的用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤(2)中,采用红外线进行切割得到所述湿素胚。
7.根据权利要求3所述的用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤(3)中,所述热风干燥窑中,干燥温度的升温速率为4~6℃/h。
8.根据权利要求3所述的用于自来水处理的平板陶瓷膜的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤(5)中,先要将所述氧化铝制膜液抽真空,去除制膜液中的空气;所述氧化铝制膜液的温度是25~35℃。
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