CN111692836A - 使用液化天然气的冷能的氢液化装置 - Google Patents

使用液化天然气的冷能的氢液化装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN111692836A
CN111692836A CN201910465936.4A CN201910465936A CN111692836A CN 111692836 A CN111692836 A CN 111692836A CN 201910465936 A CN201910465936 A CN 201910465936A CN 111692836 A CN111692836 A CN 111692836A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
liquid
gas
liquefied natural
nitrogen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201910465936.4A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
杨元敦
李成春
申宰麟
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ultra Low Temperature
Original Assignee
Ultra Low Temperature
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ultra Low Temperature filed Critical Ultra Low Temperature
Publication of CN111692836A publication Critical patent/CN111692836A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
    • F25J1/0209—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop as at least a three level refrigeration cascade
    • F25J1/021—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop as at least a three level refrigeration cascade using a deep flash recycle loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F25J1/0222—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with an intermediate heat exchange fluid between the cryogenic component and the fluid to be liquefied
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F25J1/0224—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F25J1/0268—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer using a dedicated refrigeration means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/62—Liquefied natural gas [LNG]; Natural gas liquids [NGL]; Liquefied petroleum gas [LPG]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/04—Recovery of liquid products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/10—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/904—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by liquid or gaseous cryogen in an open loop

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明是为了解决在将液化天然气的冷能用于氢液化工艺时成为限制因素的温度问题而提出，其为如下的使用液化天然气的冷能的氢液化工艺：在液化温度为‑253℃的氢气液化工艺中适用多级密闭循环，以便在低于‑162℃的液化天然气的冷能温度的温度区域中最大限度地使用液化天然气的冷能。在根据各种实施例的氢气液化装置中，使用液化天然气的冷能液化氢气，可包括：压缩机，用于压缩常温的氢气；多级密闭冷却装置，使用液化天然气的冷能来生成包含液氮、液氖或液氢中的至少一种的液体，使用液体冷却氢气；膨胀装置，降低氢气的压力，以使氢气的至少一部分变为液氢；以及气液分离装置，用于分离液氢与氢气的剩余部分。

Description

使用液化天然气的冷能的氢液化装置
技术领域
本发明涉及在氢气的液化工艺中最大限度地使用作为节能型液化工艺的液化天然气(LNG)的冷能的使用液化天然气的冷能的多级氢液化装置。氢气的液化温度为-253℃，因而存在仅使用作为液化天然气的冷能温度的-162℃为止的温度的限制。本发明是为了解决在将液化天然气的冷能适用于氢液化工艺时成为限制因素的温度问题而提出。
本发明的液化工艺的特征在于，通过使用液化天然气的冷能来构成氮液化密闭工艺和氖液化密闭工艺中的至少一种，以便多级冷却氢气并通过氢气冷却、去除转换热量、去除液化潜热的一部分，从而大大提高液化率。这将成为一种有效的液化系统，其通过液化大量氢的方法来大大降低液化装置的费用，减少能源浪费。
背景技术
在全球范围内，使用量持续增加的液化天然气以-162℃的液体状态引入并存储在储罐后，通过海水气化并作为城市燃气供给。液化天然气的冷能的使用回收并使用排放到海水里的极低温能量，即，冷能，可用于氢的液化工艺。
为了使氢气液化，需要从大气压将温度降低至-253℃，为此需要去除的热量为将常温气体降低至液体温度的显热去除和从气体相变为液体的相变潜热去除加起来的443kJ/kg，以及氢分子(H2)旋转产生的热量，即，作为转换热量(Conversion heat)的703.3kJ/kg。作为可以节省需要去除如上所述的大量能量的液化工艺的所需能量的现有液化工艺，有使用液化天然气所具有的冷能的氢液化工艺。然而，可用于氢液化工艺的液化天然气的冷能温度受到限制，其在1气压中可使用作为最低相变温度的-162℃为止。
图1为示出根据现有技术的使用液化天然气冷能的氢液化装置100的图。
参照图1，一般的氢液化装置100可包括压缩机110、液化天然气冷却机120、多个普通冷却机130、140、160、170、膨胀装置181、183以及气液分离装置190。
压缩机110可压缩常温的氢气。液化天然气冷却机120可使用液化天然气来冷却从压缩机110传递的氢气。此时，液化天然气的冷能约为-162℃，液化天然气冷却机120可使用液化天然气的冷能将氢气冷却至约-150℃。普通冷却机130、140、160、170还可以冷却从液化天然气冷却机120传递的氢气。膨胀装置181、183可以将从液化天然气冷却机120或普通冷却机130、140、160、170中的至少一种传递的氢气的压力降低至大气压。由此，在膨胀装置181、183中，氢气的一部分，例如，约35％变为液氢，液氢和氢气可在膨胀装置181、183混合并被排出。气液分离装置190可分离从膨胀装置181、183传递的液氢与氢气。
发明内容
本发明是为了解决在将液化天然气的冷能用于氢液化工艺时成为限制因素的温度问题而提出，大致由使用液化天然气的冷能的氮冷却热交换工艺和氖冷却热交换工艺两个步骤构成。其由如下的步骤构成：一步骤为使用-162℃的液化天然气的冷能来预冷液化工艺的高压氢气的第一冷却步骤；二步骤为使用-162℃的液化天然气的冷能来冷却氮气以获得液氮并使用该液氮进一步冷却氢液化工艺的高压氢气的第二冷却步骤；以及三步骤为使用-162℃的液化天然气的冷能在如上所述的氮密闭循环中获得液氮并使用该液氮的冷能在氖密闭循环中制备液氖以进一步冷却高压氢气的第三冷却步骤。
因此，本发明提供如下的工艺：通过适用将氢气液化至-253℃的工艺所需的冷却能量投弃到海水中的液化天然气的冷能，来解决液化天然气液体所具有的-162℃的温度限制问题，从而大大节省制备液氢所需的能量费用。
本发明的特征在于，通过将-162℃的液化天然气的冷能用于液化温度为-253℃的液氢的制备工艺，解决了现有液化天然气因温度限制而只能适用于初始冷却工艺的温度限制问题，从而通过适用所要液化的氢气的各阶段温度的液化天然气的冷能来大大降低能量需求量，同时大大提高液氢产率。
为了解决上述问题，构成如下的工艺：使用将液化天然气的冷能设计预冷工艺、氮循环密闭循环以及氖循环密闭循环来使所要液化的氢气经过多级冷却工艺的同时逐渐降低温度。
在根据各种实施例的氢气液化装置中，使用液化天然气的冷能，可包括：压缩机，用于压缩常温的氢气；多级密闭冷却装置，使用液化天然气的冷能来生成包含液氮、液氖或液氢中的至少一种的液体，使用上述液体冷却所压缩的上述氢气；膨胀装置，降低所冷却的上述氢气的压力，以使所冷却的上述氢气的至少一部分变为液氢；以及气液分离装置，用于分离上述液氢与所冷却的上述氢气的剩余部分。
本发明提供将-162℃的液化天然气的冷能用于多级液氢的制备工艺的效果，并提供大大降低氢液化能量需求量的同时大大提高液氢的产率的效果。
并且，本发明可通过在需要大量能量的氢液化工艺中使丢弃到海水中的液化天然气的汽化热利用率最大化的工艺提供节能效果，并提供制备50％以上的液氢产率的液化系统及方法。
附图说明
图1为示出根据现有技术的使用液化天然气冷能的氢液化装置的图。
图2为示出根据第一实施例的使用液化天然气冷能的氢液化装置的图。
图3为示出根据第二实施例的使用液化天然气冷能的氢液化装置的图。
图4为示出根据第三实施例的使用液化天然气冷能的氢液化装置的图。
图5为示出根据第四实施例的使用液化天然气冷能的氢液化装置的图。
附图标记的说明
100、200、300、400、500：氢液化装置
110、210、310、410、510：压缩机
120、220、420、520：液化天然气冷却机
130、140、160、170、240、260、270、340、360、370、460、470、560、570：普通冷却机
181、183、281、283、381、383、481、483、581、583：膨胀装置
181、281、381、481、581：膨胀机
183、283、383、483、583：膨胀阀
190、290、390、490、590：气液分离装置
230、330：密闭冷却装置
231、331：氮压缩机 233、333：氮热交换器
235、335：氮膨胀阀 237、337：氢冷却机
430、530：第一密闭冷却装置
431：第一氮压缩机 433、533：第一氮热交换器
435：第一氮膨胀阀 437、537：第一氢冷却机
440、540：第二密闭冷却装置
441、541：氮密闭装置 442、542：第二氮压缩机
443、543：第二氮热交换器 444、544：第二氮膨胀阀
451、551：氖密闭装置 452、552：氖压缩机
453、553：第二氖冷却机 454、455、554、555：普通冷却机
456、457、556、557：氖膨胀装置
456、556：氖膨胀机 457、557：氖膨胀阀
458、558：第二氢冷却机
具体实施方式
本发明是为了解决上述问题而提出，其特征在于，通过将-162℃的液化天然气的冷能用于液化温度为-253℃的液氢的制备工艺，解决了现有液化天然气因温度限制而只能适用于初始冷却工艺的温度限制问题，使得通过适用所要液化的氢气的各阶段温度的液化天然气的冷能来获得50％以上的液氢。
以下，参照附图说明本文的各种实施例。
图2为示出根据第一实施例的使用液化天然气冷能的氢液化装置200的图。
参照图2，根据第一实施例的氢液化装置200可包括压缩机210、液化天然气冷却机220，密闭冷却装置230，至少一个普通冷却机240、260、270、膨胀装置281、283以及气液分离装置290。根据第一实施例，可通过两个步骤的液化天然气冷却工艺来液化氢气。即，对于氢气可以执行基于液化天然气冷却机220的第一次液化天然气冷却工艺和基于密闭冷却装置230的第二次液化天然气冷却工艺。
压缩机210可以压缩常温氢气。
液化天然气冷却机220可执行第一次液化天然气冷却工艺。为此，液化天然气冷却机220可使用液化天然气来冷却从压缩机210传递的氢气。此时，液化天然气约为-162℃，可在液化天然气冷却机220气化为0℃并生成每1kg约200kcal的冷能。由此，液化天然气冷却机220可使用液化天然气的冷能来将氢气从常温冷却至约-150℃。
密闭冷却装置230可执行第二次液化天然气冷却工艺。为此，密闭冷却装置230构成氮密封循环并且可以使用液化天然气来生成液氮。而且，密闭冷却装置230可使用液氮来冷却从液化天然气冷却机220传递的氢气。此时，密闭冷却装置230可将氢气从约-150℃冷却至约-190℃。
密闭冷却装置230可包括氮压缩机231、氮热交换器233、氮膨胀阀235以及氢冷却机237。氮压缩机231可以压缩氮气。氮热交换器233可使用液化天然气来冷却氮气。此时，液化天然气约为-162℃，可在液化天然气冷却机220气化为0℃并生成每1kg约200kcal的冷能。由此，氮热交换器233可使用液化天然气的冷能将氮气冷却至约-196℃。氮膨胀阀235可以降低氮气的压力。由此，氮气变为液氮并从氮膨胀阀235排出液氮。氢冷却机237可使用液氮来冷却从液化天然气冷却机220传递的氢气。此时，氢冷却机237可将氢气从约-150℃冷却至约-190℃。
普通冷却机240、260、270可进一步冷却从密闭冷却装置230传递的氢气。
膨胀装置281、283可将从密闭冷却装置230或普通冷却机240、260、270中的至少一种传递的氢气的压力降低至大气压。膨胀装置281、283可包括膨胀机281或膨胀阀283中的至少一种。由此，在膨胀装置281、283中，氢气的一部分变为液氢，液氢和氢气可以从膨胀装置281、283，例如，从膨胀阀283混合排出。
气液分离装置290可以分离从膨胀装置281、283传递的液氢和氢气。
根据第一实施例，液化天然气冷却机220可使用液化天然气来第一次冷却氢气。此时，液化天然气冷却机220可冷却在压缩机210压缩的氢气。在压缩机210中，氢气通过空气、水、液化天然气的冷能或密闭冷却装置230的残余低温中的至少一种来从常温冷却至40℃。液化天然气冷却机220可使用液化天然气的冷能来冷却氢气。其中，液化天然气冷却机220可将氢气从常温或40℃冷却至-150℃。
根据第一实施例，密闭冷却装置230可使用液化天然气来第二次冷却氢气。此时，密闭冷却装置230可使用液化天然气的冷能来生成液氮。其中，在密闭冷却装置230中，可形成使液氮循环的氮密闭循环。例如，沿着氮密闭循环循环的工作流体实质上可包括-196℃的液氮、-194℃的干燥空气、-186℃的氩或-183℃的氧中的至少一种。而且，密闭冷却装置230可使用液氮的低温来冷却氢气。其中，密闭冷却装置230可将氢气从约-150℃冷却至约-190℃。
根据第一实施例，膨胀装置281、283可降低氢气的压力，从而将氢气的至少一部分变为液氢。其中，普通冷却机260、270可在第二密闭冷却装置240与膨胀装置281、283之间进一步冷却氢气。此时，氢气可在膨胀装置281、283中变为液氢。由此，气液分离装置290可分离液氢与剩余氢气。此时，剩余氢气可以返回到压缩机210。
图3为示出根据第二实施例的使用液化天然气冷能的氢液化装置300的图。
参照图3，根据第二实施例的氢液化装置300可包括压缩机310、密闭冷却装置330、至少一种普通冷却机340、360、370、膨胀装置381、383以及气液分离装置390。此时，压缩机310、普通冷却机340、360、370、膨胀装置381、383以及气液分离装置390与第一实施例的相应结构要素类似，因此省略其详细说明。
根据第二实施例，密闭冷却装置330可执行液化天然气冷却工艺。为此，密闭冷却装置330构成氮密闭循环并且使用液化天然气生成液氮。而且，密闭冷却装置330可使用液氮来冷却从压缩机310传递的40℃的氢气。此时，密闭冷却装置330可将氢气从常温冷却至约-190℃。
密闭冷却装置330可包括氮压缩机331、氮热交换器333、氮膨胀阀335以及氢冷却机337。氮压缩机331可压缩氮气。氮热交换器333可使用液化天然气来冷却氮气。此时，液化天然气约为-162℃，可在液化天然气冷却机220气化为0℃并生成每1kg约200kcal的冷能。由此，氮热交换器333可使用液化天然气的冷能将氮气冷却至约-196℃。氮膨胀阀335可以降低氮气的压力。由此，氮气变为液氮并且可从氮膨胀阀335排出液氮。氢冷却机337可使用液氮来冷却从压缩机310传递的氢气。此时，氢冷却机337可将氢气从常温冷却至约-190℃。
图4为示出根据第三实施例的使用液化天然气冷能的氢液化装置400的图。
参照图4，根据第三实施例的氢液化装置400可包括压缩机410、液化天然气冷却机420、第一密闭冷却装置430、第二密闭冷却装置440、至少一种普通冷却机460、470、膨胀装置481、483以及气液分离装置490。根据第三实施例，氢气可通过三个步骤的液化天然气冷却工艺液化。即，对于氢气可以执行基于液化天然气冷却机420的第一次液化天然气冷却工艺、基于第一密闭冷却装置430的第二次液化天然气冷却工艺以及基于第二密闭冷却装置440的第三次液化天然气冷却工艺。
压缩机410可压缩常温氢气。
液化天然气冷却机420可执行第一次液化天然气冷却工艺。为此，液化天然气冷却机420可使用液化天然气来冷却从压缩机410传递的氢气。此时，液化天然气约为-162℃，可在液化天然气冷却机220气化为0℃并生成每1kg约200kcal的冷能。由此，液化天然气冷却机220可使用液化天然气的冷能来将氢气从常温冷却至约-150℃。
第一密闭冷却装置430可执行第二次液化天然气冷却工艺。为此，密闭冷却装置430构成氮密闭循环并且可使用液化天然气来生成液氮。而且，第一密闭冷却装置430可使用液氮来冷却从液化天然气冷却机420传递的氢气。此时，第一密闭冷却装置430可将氢气从约-150℃冷却至约-190℃。
第一密闭冷却装置430可包括第一氮压缩机431、第一氮热交换器433、第一氮膨胀阀435以及第一氢冷却机437。第一氮压缩机431可压缩氮气。第一氮热交换器433可使用液化天然气来冷却氮气。此时，液化天然气约为-162℃，可在液化天然气冷却机220气化为0℃并生成每1kg约200kcal的冷能。由此，第一氮热交换器433可使用液化天然气的冷能将氮气冷却至约-150℃。第一氮膨胀阀435可以降低氮气的压力。由此，氮气变为液氮并且可从第一氮膨胀阀435排出液氮。第一氢冷却机437可使用液氮来冷却从液化天然气冷却机420传递的氢气。此时，第一氢气冷却机437可将氢气从约-150℃冷却至约-190℃。
第二密闭冷却装置440可执行第三次液化天然气冷却工艺。第二密闭冷却装置440可包括氮密闭装置441以及氖密闭装置451。第二密闭冷却装置440构成氮密闭循环以及氖密闭循环，并且可在氮密闭循环中使用液化天然气来生成液氮，可在氖密闭循环中使用液氮来生成液氖。而且，第二密闭冷却装置440可使用液氖来冷却从第一密闭冷却装置430传递的氢气。此时，第二密闭冷却装置440可将从第一密闭冷却装置430传递的氢气从约-190℃冷却至-240℃。氮密闭装置441构成氮密闭循环，并且可使用液化天然气来生成液氮。此时，氮密闭装置441可与氖密闭装置451的结构要素中的至少一种一同构成氮密闭循环。由此，氮密闭装置441可使用液氮来向氖密闭装置451提供低温。氮密闭装置441可包括第二氮压缩机442、第二氮热交换器443以及第二氮膨胀阀444。
第二氮压缩机442可压缩氮气。
第二氮热交换器443可使用液化天然气来冷却氮气。此时，液化天然气约为-162℃，可在液化天然气冷却机220气化为0℃并生成每1kg约200kcal的冷能。由此，第二氮热交换器443可使用液化天然气的冷能来将氢气冷却至约-150℃。
第二氮膨胀阀444可降低氮气的压力。由此，氮气变为液氮并可从第二氮膨胀阀444排出-196℃的液氮。
氖密闭装置451构成氖密闭循环，并且可使用氮密闭装置441的液氮来生成液氖。而且，氖密闭装置451可使用液氖来冷却从第一密闭冷却装置430传递的氢气。此时，氖密闭装置451可将从第一密闭冷却装置430传递的氢气从约-190℃冷却至约-240℃。氖密闭装置451可包括氖压缩机452、氖冷却机453、至少一种普通冷却机454、455、氖膨胀装置456、457以及第二氢冷却机458。
氖压缩机452可压缩常温氖气。
氖冷却机453可使用液氮来冷却从氖压缩机452传递到氖气。其中，氖冷却机453可作为氮密闭装置441的结构要素来进行工作。此时，液氮约为-196℃，氖冷却机453可使用液氮来将从氖压缩机452传递的氖气从常温冷却至约-190℃。
普通冷却机454、455可进一步冷却从氖冷却机453传递的氖气。
氖膨胀装置456、457可将从氖冷却机453或普通冷却机454、455中的至少一种传递的氖气的压力降低至大气压。氖膨胀装置456、457可包括氖膨胀机456或氖膨胀阀457中的至少一种。由此，在氖膨胀装置456、457中，氖气的一部分，例如，25％变为液氖，液氖和氖气可在氖膨胀装置456、457，例如，氖膨胀阀457混合并被排出。
第二氢冷却机458可使用从氖膨胀装置456、457传递的-246℃的液氖来冷却从第一密闭冷却装置430传递的氢气。此时，第二氢冷却机458可将从第一密闭冷却装置430传递的氢气从约-190℃冷却至约-240℃。其中，从氖膨胀装置456、457传递的液氖为-246℃，在第二氢气冷却机458中冷却氢气后，约-195℃的气体改变并被传递至氖压缩机452。
普通冷却机460、470可进一步冷却从第二密闭冷却装置440传递氢气。
膨胀装置481、483可将从第二密闭冷却装置440或普通冷却机460、470中的至少一种传递的氢气的压力降低至大气压。膨胀装置481、483可包括膨胀机481或膨胀阀483中的至少一种。由此，在膨胀装置481、483中，氢气的一部分变为液氢，液氢和氢气可在膨胀装置481、483，例如，膨胀阀483中混合并被排出。
气液分离装置490可分离从膨胀装置481、483传递的液氢和氢气。
根据第三实施例，液化天然气冷却机420可使用液化天然气来第一次冷却氢气。此时，液化天然气冷却机420可冷却在压缩机41压缩的氢气。在压缩机410中，氢气通过空气、水、液化天然气的冷能或者第一密闭冷却装置430或第二密闭冷却装置440的残余低温中的至少一种来从常温冷却至40℃。液化天然气冷却机420可使用液化天然气的冷能来冷却氢气。其中，液化天然气冷却机420可将氢气从常温或40℃冷却至-150℃。
根据第三实施例，第一密闭冷却装置430可使用液化天然气来第二次冷却氢气。此时，第一密闭冷却装置430可使用液化天然气的冷能来生成液氮。其中，在第一密闭冷却装置430中，可形成使液氮循环的氮密闭循环。例如，沿着氮密闭循环循环的工作流体实质上可包括-196℃的液氮、-194℃的干燥空气、-186℃的氩或-183℃的氧中的至少一种。而且，第一密闭冷却装置430可使用液氮的低温来冷却氢气。其中，第一密闭冷却装置430可将氢气从约-150℃冷却至约-190℃。
根据第三实施例，第二密闭冷却装置440可使用液化天然气来第三次冷却氢气。此时，氮气密闭装置441可使用液化天然气的冷能来生成液氮。其中，在氮气密闭装置441中，可形成使液氮循环的氮密闭循环。例如，沿着氮密闭循环循环的工作流体实质上可包括-196℃的液氮、-194℃的干燥空气、-186℃的氩或-183℃的氧中的至少一种。而且，氖密闭装置451可使用液氮的低温来生成液氖。其中，在氖密闭装置451中，可形成使液氖循环的氖密闭循环。例如，沿着氖密闭循环循环的工作流体实质上可包括-246℃的氖或-253℃的液氢中的至少一种。由此，氖密闭装置451可使用液氖的低温来冷却氢气。其中，第二密闭冷却装置440可将氢气从约-190℃冷却至约-240℃。
根据第三实施例，膨胀装置481、483可降低氢气的压力，从而将氢气的至少一部分变为液氢。其中，普通冷却机460、470可在第二密闭冷却装置440与膨胀装置481、483之间进一步冷却氢气。此时，氢气的50％可在膨胀装置481、483中变为液氢。由此，气液分离装置490可分离液氢与剩余氢气。此时，剩余氢气可以返回到压缩机410。
图5为示出根据第四实施例的使用液化天然气冷能的氢液化装置500的图。
参照图5，根据第四实施例的氢液化装置500可包括压缩机510、液化天然气冷却机520、第一密闭冷却装置530、第二密闭冷却装置540、至少一种普通冷却机560、570、膨胀装置581、583以及气液分离装置590。第二密闭冷却装置540可包括氮密闭装置541以及氖密闭装置551。此时，压缩机510、液化天然气冷却机520、第二密闭冷却装置540的氖密闭装置551、普通冷却机560、570、膨胀装置581、583以及气液分离装置590与第三实施例的相应结构要素类似，因此省略其详细说明。
根据第四实施例，第一密闭冷却装置530和第二密闭冷却装置540的氮密闭循环可以被共享。此时，第一密闭冷却装置530的氮密闭循环能够与第二密闭冷却装置540的氮密闭循环相结合，以形成共同的氮密闭循环。第二密闭冷却装置540的氮密闭装置541可包括第二氮压缩机542、第二氮热交换器543以及第二氮膨胀阀544。而且，第一密闭冷却装置530包括第一氮热交换器533以及第一氢冷却机537，第一氮热交换器533及第一氢冷却机537可与氮密闭装置541相连接。
根据各种实施例，氢液化装置200、300、400、500可使用液体天然气的冷能来有效地降低氢气的温度。即，氢液化装置200、300、400、500通过使用液体天然气来生成液氮，从而可使用液氮的低温来降低氢气的温度。由此，氢液化装置200、300、400、500可将氢气的温度降低至更低的温度。由此，可以通过氢气增加液氢的产率。
应理解，在本说明书的各种实施例及所用到的术语并不将本说明中所记载的技术限定于特定实施方式，而是包括相应实施例的各种的修改、等同技术方案和/或代替技术方案。关于附图的说明，对于类似的结构要素可使用类似的附图标记。只要在文脉上并未明确表示，则单数的表达包括复数的表达。在本说明书中，“A或B”、“A和/或B中的至少一个”、“A、B或C”或“A、B和/或C中的至少一个”等的表达可包括一同列出的项目的所有可能的组合。“第一”、“第二”、“首先”或“其次”等的表达能够以与顺序或重要程度无关地修饰相应结构要素，且仅用于区别一个结构要素和其他结构要素，并不限定相应结构要素。当提到一个(例如，第一)结构要素与另一(例如，第二)结构要素“(功能上或通信上)相连接”或“相联接”时，上述一个结构要素可直接与上述另一结构要素相连接，或可通过其他结构要素(例如，第三结构要素)相连接。

Claims (4)

1.一种使用液化天然气的冷能的氢气液化装置，其特征在于，包括：
压缩机，用于压缩常温的氢气；
多级密闭冷却装置，使用液化天然气的冷能来生成包含液氮、液氖或液氢中的至少一种的液体，使用上述液体冷却所压缩的上述氢气；
膨胀装置，降低所冷却的上述氢气的压力，以使所冷却的上述氢气的至少一部分变为液氢；以及
气液分离装置，用于分离上述液氢与所冷却的上述氢气的剩余部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的使用液化天然气的冷能的氢气液化装置，其特征在于，还包括用于在上述压缩机与密闭冷却装置之间使用液化天然气的冷能来冷却所压缩的上述氢气的液化天然气冷却机。
3.根据权利要求1所述的使用液化天然气的冷能的氢气液化装置，其特征在于，还包括用于在上述密闭冷却装置与上述膨胀装置之间通过使用液化天然气的冷能来生成液氖并使用所生成的上述液氖来冷却所冷却的上述氢气的另一密闭冷却装置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的使用液化天然气的冷能的氢气液化装置，其特征在于，上述另一密闭冷却装置包括：
氮密闭装置，使用液化天然气的冷能来生成液氮；以及
氖密闭装置，使用所生成的上述液氮来生成液氖并使用所生成的上述液氖来冷却所冷却的上述氢气。
CN201910465936.4A 2019-03-12 2019-05-30 使用液化天然气的冷能的氢液化装置 Pending CN111692836A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2019-0028071 2019-03-12
KR1020190028071A KR20200109054A (ko) 2019-03-12 2019-03-12 액화 천연 가스의 냉열을 이용하는 수소 액화 장치

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN111692836A true CN111692836A (zh) 2020-09-22

Family

ID=72475997

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201910465936.4A Pending CN111692836A (zh) 2019-03-12 2019-05-30 使用液化天然气的冷能的氢液化装置

Country Status (2)

Country Link
KR (1) KR20200109054A (zh)
CN (1) CN111692836A (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113701448A (zh) * 2021-07-05 2021-11-26 中国科学院理化技术研究所 基于多级超音速两相膨胀机的氢液化系统及氢液化装置

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102457257B1 (ko) 2019-10-31 2022-10-20 하이리움산업(주) 수소 액화 제조장비
KR102457256B1 (ko) 2019-10-31 2022-10-20 하이리움산업(주) 수소 액화 장치
KR102373686B1 (ko) 2020-12-23 2022-03-15 주식회사 헥사 수소의 예냉기모듈 및 이를 포함하는 수소액화기
CN113776275B (zh) * 2021-10-08 2022-12-13 杨兆铭 Lng冷能预冷下的氢气液化方法
FR3132566B1 (fr) * 2022-02-04 2024-03-08 Air Liquide Procédé et appareil de refroidissement de dioxyde de carbone et d’hydrogène

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1580506A1 (en) * 2004-03-24 2005-09-28 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Process and apparatus for liquefying hydrogen
CN101466990A (zh) * 2006-06-12 2009-06-24 林德股份公司 用于液化氢的方法
JP2017003185A (ja) * 2015-06-09 2017-01-05 株式会社Ihi 気体液化装置
CN207797509U (zh) * 2017-12-29 2018-08-31 上海启元空分技术发展股份有限公司 一种生产液氢的装置
CN109059419A (zh) * 2018-05-28 2018-12-21 张家港富瑞氢能装备有限公司 氢气液化预冷工艺

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1580506A1 (en) * 2004-03-24 2005-09-28 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Process and apparatus for liquefying hydrogen
CN101466990A (zh) * 2006-06-12 2009-06-24 林德股份公司 用于液化氢的方法
JP2017003185A (ja) * 2015-06-09 2017-01-05 株式会社Ihi 気体液化装置
CN207797509U (zh) * 2017-12-29 2018-08-31 上海启元空分技术发展股份有限公司 一种生产液氢的装置
CN109059419A (zh) * 2018-05-28 2018-12-21 张家港富瑞氢能装备有限公司 氢气液化预冷工艺

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113701448A (zh) * 2021-07-05 2021-11-26 中国科学院理化技术研究所 基于多级超音速两相膨胀机的氢液化系统及氢液化装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20200109054A (ko) 2020-09-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN111692836A (zh) 使用液化天然气的冷能的氢液化装置
RU2718378C1 (ru) Крупномасштабное сжижение водорода посредством водородного холодильного цикла высокого давления, объединенного с новым предварительным охлаждением однократно смешанным хладагентом
JP5725856B2 (ja) 天然ガス液化プロセス
US20150253073A1 (en) Re-liquefying method for stored liquid
CN104520660B (zh) 用于天然气液化的系统和方法
EP3368631B1 (en) Method using hydrogen-neon mixture refrigeration cycle for large-scale hydrogen cooling and liquefaction
JP2015501410A (ja) Ｌｎｇ生産のための多窒素膨張プロセス
JP2009504838A (ja) Ｌｎｇのための天然ガス液化方法
US10655913B2 (en) Method for energy storage with co-production of peaking power and liquefied natural gas
JPS63169468A (ja) 濃密流体エクスパンダーと予備冷却冷凍剤としてのネオンとを用いる水素の液化方法
Kuendig et al. Large scale hydrogen liquefaction in combination with LNG re-gasification
KR102305156B1 (ko) 수소 액화 장치
US9841229B2 (en) Process for cooling a hydrocarbon-rich fraction
EP3163235A1 (en) Novel cascade process for cooling and liquefying hydrogen in large-scale
US20230332833A1 (en) Process for Producing Liquefied Hydrogen
GB2581135A (en) Cooling method for liquefying a feed gas
CN114777418B (zh) 一种冷凝法天然气bog提氦的系统
JP2021515169A (ja) 冷却システム
WO2022197526A2 (en) System and method for precooling in hydrogen or helium liquefaction processing
JPH02171579A (ja) 水素液化方法
EP1469265B1 (en) Process for nitrogen liquefaction by recovering the cold derived from liquid methane gasification
CN111288747A (zh) 一种lng冷能利用空分装置系统及其设计方法
JPH06241647A (ja) 水素液化装置及びスラッシュ水素製造装置
KR101195330B1 (ko) 액화장치 및 액화방법과 이를 포함하는 유체전달 시스템
KR20240033997A (ko) 액화천연가스의 냉열 에너지를 이용한 수소 액화 설비 및 이를 구비하는 액체 수소 생산 시스템

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20200922