CN111288747A - 一种lng冷能利用空分装置系统及其设计方法 - Google Patents

一种lng冷能利用空分装置系统及其设计方法 Download PDF

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CN111288747A
CN111288747A CN201811493886.2A CN201811493886A CN111288747A CN 111288747 A CN111288747 A CN 111288747A CN 201811493886 A CN201811493886 A CN 201811493886A CN 111288747 A CN111288747 A CN 111288747A
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lng
air separation
heat exchanger
air
cold energy
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杨豫森
崔华
徐波
谭智
陈辉
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Hepu Technology Development Beijing Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J3/0605—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the feed stream
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04254—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
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    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种LNG冷能利用空分装置系统，其包括LNG升温加热系统(1)和空分装置(2)；所述空分装置(2)包括由空气管路依次连接空压机(7)、预冷器(5)、分子筛(8)、换热器(4)、冷箱(3)；所述LNG升温加热系统(1)包括LNG储罐(14)、LNG液相增压泵及LNG输送管路；所述LNG输送管路依次连接的LNG储罐(14)、LNG液相增压泵、换热器(4)、预冷器(5)；本发明LNG冷能利用空分装置系统利用免费的LNG冷源冷能，对空气进行压缩和冷却液化，一方面利用了LNG冷源，另一方面降低了深冷压缩空分系统的综合能耗。

Description

一种LNG冷能利用空分装置系统及其设计方法
技术领域
本发明属于液化天然气(LNG)和深冷空分装置领域，具体提出一种LNG冷能利用空分装置系统及其设计方法。
背景技术
根据我国能源中长期发展规划，天然气将成为我国能源发展战略的一个亮点和绿色能源支柱之一。在未来的时间内，我国将会大量进口天然气，其中大部分天然气将以液化天然气(LNG)的方式输送到中国。大量进口的LNG，同时携带着大量的冷能，如果不能有效地利用这些冷能，将会造成巨大的能源浪费和环境污染。因此，如何有效地利用这些冷能，就变得极为重要与必要。
另外一方面，大型空分装置在钢铁、化工和合成氨工业中应用越来越广泛，大型空分装置新项目实施越来越多，其能耗所占社会总耗能逐年增加。空分设备就是以空气为原料，通过压缩循环深度冷冻的方法把空气变成液态，再经过精馏而从液态空气中逐步分离生产出氧气、氮气及氩气等惰性气体的设备。
目前主流的压缩循环深度冷冻的方法耗能巨大，因此，大型空分装置的高耗能成为阻碍空分行业发展的重要瓶颈。
有鉴于此，提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种LNG冷能利用空分装置系统，以解决上述现有LNG冷源浪费和深冷空分制冷耗能巨大的问题。
为了实现所述发明目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种LNG冷能利用空分装置系统，其包括LNG升温加热系统和空分装置；所述空分装置包括由空气管路依次连接空压机、预冷器、分子筛、换热器、冷箱；所述LNG升温加热系统包括LNG储罐、LNG液相增压泵及LNG输送管路；所述LNG输送管路依次连接的LNG储罐、LNG液相增压泵、换热器、预冷器。
优选的，所述预冷器设置单级或多级换热器。
优选的，所述换热器为板式换热器或管壳式换热器或翅片管换热器。
优选的，所述换热器设置单级或多级换热器。
优选的，所述空分装置包括膨胀机、增压机、氧压机、氮压机中至少一种，所述空压机、膨胀机、增压机、氧压机、氮压机中至少一种采用电动或蒸汽轮机驱动。
优选的，所述空分装置生产的空分产品氧气、氮气或氩气等气体产品，采用高压灌装钢瓶、液相灌装钢瓶或液相低温储罐存储。
优选的，LNG冷源为所述空分气体产品的液相低温储罐提供所需低温环境。
优选的，所述LNG液相储罐设置一个或多个，多个LNG储罐中空置的储罐能够利用其保温低温环境储存液相空分气体产品。
一种LNG冷能利用空分装置多级换热设计方法，所述LNG冷能利用空分装置多级换热设计方法使用以上所述的LNG冷能利用空分装置系统，其具体方法如下：
S1：根据LNG储罐储量和最终输出天然气的温度压力流量参数，计算可利用的LNG冷源总冷量QLNG；
S2：根据LNG冷源总冷量QLNG和期望生产的空分气体产品氧气或氮气的最终压力、温度，概算可处理的进行空气液化的吸入空压机的空气总流量F空；
S3：根据系统设备流程，计算在空气总流量F空下，利用LNG冷源总冷量QLNG在换热器(4)、预冷器(5)内可实现的温度下降数值分别为T降换热器、T降预冷；
S4：根据系统设备流程和T降换热器数值，设置换热器(4)中的换热器级数。
优选的，所述冷源总冷量QLNG计算公式为：
QLNG＝QLNG潜热+Q气升温＝FLNG*qLNG潜热+FLNG*(T供-T1)*Cp气＝Q换热器+Q预冷器；
其中：
QLNG为LNG可用冷能量，kJ/h；
FLNG为LNG流量kg/h；
qLNG潜热为LNG的气化潜热kJ/kg；
Cp气单位为气态LNG的比热容kJ/kg℃。
有益效果
1、本发明有效利用LNG冷能，避免了LNG码头或大型LNG装置对空、对海水或河水释放冷量造成的局部环境温度变化影响；
2、本发明能够在无深冷空分装置中的大型增压机和膨胀机的情况下进行空气分离，降低了空分装置的综合能耗和项目投资；
3、本发明利用LNG制造的低温环境，可极大降低空分装置的管路压力等级，从而降低空分装置空气管路相关的投资额。
附图说明
图1为本发明LNG冷能利用空分装置系统的整体结构示意；
图2本发明LNG冷能利用空分装置系统中温度与LNG冷能的关系曲线。
附图标记说明
为进一步清楚的说明本发明的结构和各部件之间的连接关系，给出了以下附图标记，并加以说明。
LNG升温加热系统1，空分装置2，冷箱3，换热器4，预冷器5，三级LNG换热装置6，空压机7，分子筛8，一级板式换热器9，二级板式换热器10，氧压机11，氮压机12，储槽13，LNG储罐14。
通过上述附图标记说明，结合本发明的实施例，可以更加清楚的理解和说明本发明的技术方案。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，以使本领域的技术人员可以更好的理解本发明并能予以实施，但本发明所要求保护的范围并不局限于具体实施方式中所描述的范围。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
实施例一
一种LNG冷能利用空分装置系统，如图1-图2所示，所述LNG冷能利用空分装置系统包括LNG升温加热系统1和空分装置2，所述LNG升温加热系统1包括LNG储罐14、LNG输送管路、LNG液相增压泵、LNG冷能利用空分换热装置。所述LNG冷能利用空分换热装置包括多级LNG换热装置；所述LNG冷能利用空分换热装置包括换热器4、预冷器5及三级LNG换热装置6。所述LNG输送管路依次连接LNG储罐14、LNG液相增压泵、LNG冷能利用多级空分换热装置；即所述LNG输送管路依次连接LNG储罐14、LNG液相增压泵、换热器4、预冷器5及三级LNG换热装置6，经过三级LNG换热装置6中的LNG气化为天然气。所述LNG储罐14中的LNG经过换热器4进行一次升温；并于一次升温后通过预冷器5，于预冷器5进行二次升温，最终通过三级LNG换热装置6，于三级LNG换热装置6进行三次升温后气化为天然气。即换热器4、预冷器5及三级LNG换热装置6内的LNG的温度依次升高。
所述空分装置2包括空压机7、预冷器5、分子筛8、三级LNG换热装置6、冷箱3及空气管路。所述空气管路依次连接空压机7、预冷器5、分子筛8、换热器4、冷箱3，空气经过预冷器5、换热器4、冷箱3，并吸收LNG冷能，将空气深冷降温液化。所述冷箱3与产品增压机、储槽13相连接；所述产品增压机包括氧压机11、氮压机12。所述储槽13或储罐低温液相存储装置，其能够存储空分装置的获得的液氮、液氧、液氩等最终空气分离产品。所述冷箱3上设有产品输出口；所述氧压机11、氮压机12、储槽13与冷箱3上的产品输出口相连接，以压缩空分装置分离所得的气体产物，并获得高压方式存储的气体产物(高压钢瓶存储的氧或氮等气体产品)。优选的，所述空分装置生产的空分产品氧气、氮气或氩气等气体产品，采用高压灌装钢瓶、液相灌装钢瓶或液相低温储罐形式保存或对外销售。
LNG在不同压力下的饱和温度、密度、汽化潜热关系表显示随着LNG温度升高，其气化潜热越小，其冷却效果递减；相反的，随着LNG温度降低，其气化潜热越大，其冷却效果递增。由于预冷器5、换热器4中的LNG温度依次递减，其冷却效果相应地依次递增。所述空分装置2中经过空压机7的空气依次经过预冷器5、换热器4、冷箱3，以逐级冷却，最终深冷空气，获得空气分离产品。相应的，所述LNG升温加热系统1中的LNG依次经过换热器4、预冷器5，以逐级升温，以气化为天然气。
所述空分装置2中预冷器5对空气进行预冷处理，经过预冷器5预冷处理的空气经过分子筛8，经过分子筛8处理后的空气通过换热器4；所述换热器4为对空气进行二次冷却处理，并于二次冷却后通过冷箱3，所述冷箱3对空气进行三次冷却处理；经过冷箱3后即获得空分装置所得的气体产物。
优选的，所述换热器4为板式换热器或管壳式换热器或翅片管换热器。
优选的，所述换热器4包括多级换热器，即至少包括一级板式换热器9。
优选的，所述换热器4为设置单级换热器，即所述换热器4为一级板式换热器9。
优选的，所述换热器4包括二级板式换热器10和一级板式换热器9，此时LNG经过换热器4时，LNG进行二次升温和三次升温；相应的空气经过换热器4时，对空气进行二次降温和三次降温。
优选的，冷箱3能够为经过冷箱3获得的液氮、液氧、液氩或储槽13中的气体产物供应冷源。即，所述空分气体产品的液相低温储罐所需低温环境可利用LNG冷源。
优选的，所述预冷器5设置单级或多级换热器对空气进行预冷，根据空气流量和可利用的LNG冷源数量，合理设置预冷系统的换热器级数。
优选的，所述三级LNG换热装置6能够吸收空气、地表水、海水等的热量，使LNG三次升温。
优选的，所述LNG储罐14可以设置一个或多个，多个LNG储罐中空置的储罐可以利用其保温低温环境储存液相空分气体产品。即空分装置2所获得的液氮、液氧、液氩或储槽13中的气体产物连接下返回LNG储罐14。
优选的，空分装置2所获得的液氮、液氧、液氩或储槽13中的气体产物连接下一级换热器。
本实施例中LNG冷能利用空分装置系统利用免费的LNG冷源冷能，对空气进行压缩和冷却液化，一方面利用了LNG冷源，另一方面降低了深冷压缩空分系统的综合能耗。
实施例二
本实施例二与实施例一原理相同，其区别在于，所述空分装置包括膨胀机、增压机，所述空分装置中的空压机、膨胀机、增压机、氧压机或氮压机等设备采用电动或蒸汽轮机带动。
具体的，所述空分装置与火电厂发电机组系统相连接。所述火电厂发电机组包括大汽轮机、发电机及调峰控制模块，所述调峰控制模块接受电网调度中心的调峰指令；所述空分装置与发电机和/或火电厂发电机组的蒸汽管道相连通，所述调峰控制模块能够将发电机的电力和/或火电厂组的蒸汽调至空分装置，以驱动空分装置。
即所述空分装置一方面与火电厂发电机组的蒸汽管道相连接，以利用电厂调峰蒸汽驱动；另一方面可以与发电机相连接，以利用发电机对空分装置供电。所述空分装置采用电动和/或蒸汽轮机带动。以上设置能够有效利用火力发电机组的调峰结余电量、热能满足空分装置的设备供能，减少外界补充驱动空分装置的能耗，避免能源浪费，提高能源利用率，使现代火力发电厂转型成为电能、热能、压缩空气能以及各种空气分离气体产品的综合性工厂。
实施例三
一种LNG冷能利用空分装置多级换热设计方法，所述LNG冷能利用空分装置多级换热设计方法使用以上实施例中所述的LNG冷能利用空分装置系统。
其具体方法如下：
S1：根据LNG储罐储量和最终输出天然气的温度压力流量参数，计算可利用的LNG冷源总冷量QLNG；
S2：根据LNG冷源总冷量QLNG和期望生产的空分气体产品氧气或氮气的最终压力、温度，概算可处理的进行空气液化的吸入空压机的空气总流量F空；
S3：根据系统设备流程，详细计算在空气总流量F空下，利用LNG冷源总冷量QLNG在换热器4、预冷器5内可实现的温度下降数值分别为T降换热器、T降预冷；
其中T降换热器＝T空2-T空3；T降预冷＝T空1-T空2；T空1为空气进入预冷器前的温度，T空2为空气出预冷器的温度，及空气进入换热器前的温度；T空3为空气出换热器时的温度；
S4：根据系统设备流程和T降换热器数值，合理设置换热器4中的换热器级数。
其中，所述冷源总冷量QLNG计算公式为：
QLNG＝QLNG潜热+Q气升温＝FLNG*qLNG潜热+FLNG*(T供-T1)*Cp气＝Q换热器+Q预冷器
QLNG潜热＝FLNG*qLNG潜热
Q气升温＝FLNG*(T供-T1)*Cp气
Q换热器＝FLNG*(T2-T1)*Cp气＝F空*(T空2-T空3)*Cp空
Q预冷器＝FLNG*(T3-T2)*Cp气＝F空*(T空1-T空2)*Cp空
其中：
QLNG为LNG可用冷能量，kJ/h；
FLNG为LNG流量kg/h；
qLNG潜热为LNG的气化潜热kJ/kg，按下表1中的数据除以4.18kCal/kJ换算得来；
Cp气单位为气态LNG的比热容kJ/kg℃；
Cp空单位为气态空气的比热容kJ/kg℃。
表1LNG在不同压力下的饱和温度、密度、汽化潜热
饱和压力(MPag) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
饱和温度℃ -162 -146 -138 -132 -126 -122 -118 -115 -112
密度kg/m<sup>3</sup> 424 400 386 374 365 356 348 340 333
汽化潜热kcal/kg 122 115 110 106 102 98 94 91 87
本发明一方面有效利用LNG冷能，避免了LNG码头或大型LNG装置对空、对海水或河水释放冷量造成的局部环境温度变化影响；另一方面，能够在无深冷空分装置中的大型增压机和膨胀机的情况下进行空气分离，降低了空分装置的综合能耗和项目投资；再者，利用LNG制造的低温环境，可极大降低空分装置的管路压力等级，从而降低空分装置空气管路相关的投资额。
在本申请的描述中，属于“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等均应做广义理解，例如“连接”可以是固定连接，也可以时可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以是通过中间媒介简介相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本说明书的描述中，术语“一个实施例”“一些实施例”“具体实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中，在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表达不一定指的是相同的实施例或实施例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
本领域的技术人员应该明白，虽然发明实施例所揭露的实施方式如上，但所述内容仅为便于理解本发明而采用的实施方式，并非用以限定本发明的实施例。任何本发明实施例所属领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明所揭露的精神和范围的前提下，可以在实施的形式及细节上进行任何的修改及变化，但本发明实施例的专利保护范围，仍须以所附的权利要求所界定的范围为准。

Claims (10)

1.一种LNG冷能利用空分装置系统，其特征在于：其包括LNG升温加热系统(1)和空分装置(2)；所述空分装置(2)包括由空气管路依次连接空压机(7)、预冷器(5)、分子筛(8)、换热器(4)、冷箱(3)；所述LNG升温加热系统(1)包括LNG储罐(14)、LNG液相增压泵及LNG输送管路；所述LNG输送管路依次连接的LNG储罐(14)、LNG液相增压泵、换热器(4)、预冷器(5)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的LNG冷能利用空分装置系统，其特征在于：所述预冷器(5)设置单级或多级换热器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的LNG冷能利用空分装置系统，其特征在于：所述换热器(4)为板式换热器或管壳式换热器或翅片管换热器。
4.根据权利要求3所述的LNG冷能利用空分装置系统，其特征在于：所述换热器(4)设置单级或多级换热器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的LNG冷能利用空分装置系统，其特征在于：所述空分装置(2)包括膨胀机、增压机、氧压机、氮压机中至少一种，所述空压机、膨胀机、增压机、氧压机、氮压机中至少一种采用电动或蒸汽轮机驱动。
6.根据权利要求1所述的LNG冷能利用空分装置系统，其特征在于：所述空分装置(2)生产的空分产品氧气、氮气或氩气等气体产品，采用高压灌装钢瓶、液相灌装钢瓶或液相低温储罐存储。
7.根据权利要求1或6所述的LNG冷能利用空分装置系统，其特征在于：LNG冷源为所述空分气体产品的液相低温储罐提供所需低温环境。
8.根据权利要求1所述的LNG冷能利用空分装置系统，其特征在于：所述LNG液相储罐设置一个或多个，多个LNG储罐中空置的储罐能够利用其保温低温环境储存液相空分气体产品。
9.一种LNG冷能利用空分装置多级换热设计方法，所述LNG冷能利用空分装置多级换热设计方法使用权利要求1-8其中任一项所述的LNG冷能利用空分装置系统，其具体方法如下：
S1：根据LNG储罐储量和最终输出天然气的温度压力流量参数，计算可利用的LNG冷源总冷量QLNG；
S2：根据LNG冷源总冷量QLNG和期望生产的空分气体产品氧气或氮气的最终压力、温度，概算可处理的进行空气液化的吸入空压机的空气总流量F空；
S3：根据系统设备流程，计算在空气总流量F空下，利用LNG冷源总冷量QLNG在换热器(4)、预冷器(5)内可实现的温度下降数值分别为T降换热器、T降预冷；
S4：根据系统设备流程和T降换热器数值，设置换热器(4)中的换热器级数。
10.根据权利要求9所述的LNG冷能利用空分装置多级换热设计方法，其特征在于，所述冷源总冷量QLNG计算公式为：
QLNG＝QLNG潜热+Q气升温＝FLNG*qLNG潜热+FLNG*(T供-T1)*Cp气＝Q换热器+Q预冷器；
其中：
QLNG为LNG可用冷能量，kJ/h；
FLNG为LNG流量kg/h；
qLNG潜热为LNG的气化潜热kJ/kg；
Cp气单位为气态LNG的比热容kJ/kg℃。
CN201811493886.2A 2018-12-07 2018-12-07 一种lng冷能利用空分装置系统及其设计方法 Pending CN111288747A (zh)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114739118A (zh) * 2022-05-19 2022-07-12 杭州中泰深冷技术股份有限公司 一种lng冷能利用的合成气深冷分离系统及方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114739118A (zh) * 2022-05-19 2022-07-12 杭州中泰深冷技术股份有限公司 一种lng冷能利用的合成气深冷分离系统及方法
CN114739118B (zh) * 2022-05-19 2024-04-12 杭州中泰深冷技术股份有限公司 一种lng冷能利用的合成气深冷分离系统及方法

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