CN111690456B - 一种应用于微量润滑工艺中的低挥发润滑油 - Google Patents

一种应用于微量润滑工艺中的低挥发润滑油 Download PDF

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CN111690456B
CN111690456B CN202010557159.9A CN202010557159A CN111690456B CN 111690456 B CN111690456 B CN 111690456B CN 202010557159 A CN202010557159 A CN 202010557159A CN 111690456 B CN111690456 B CN 111690456B
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张洪灿
聂晓霖
李晓栓
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Nanjing Kerun Industrial Technology Co ltd
Nanjing Kerun New Material Technology Co ltd
Nanjing Kerun Industrial Media Co ltd
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    • C10M169/00Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种应用于微量润滑工艺中的低挥发润滑油,包括如下重量百分比的组分:合成酯基础油77‑86%、润滑剂10‑20%、抗氧剂0‑2%以及油雾抑制剂1‑2%;其中,合成酯基础油40℃的粘度为8‑30mm2/s,闪点≥230℃;润滑剂为无灰型聚合酯润滑剂,其粘度指数为200以上,TGA分解温度为450℃以上,碘值为3以内。本发明低挥发润滑油具有良好的热氧化安定性、润滑性能和低的蒸发损失。

Description

一种应用于微量润滑工艺中的低挥发润滑油
技术领域
本发明涉及一种润滑油,尤其涉及一种应用于微量润滑工艺中的低挥发润滑油。
背景技术
铝合金材料具有易加工、维护技术比较成熟和成本较低等优点,加上材料合金化与制备技术的不断进步保证了其在航空领域有很强的竞争力,在未来仍是飞机结构的首选材料。
航空航天铝合金切削过程中高去除率(最高达95%),零件加工时间长,是其他行业与切削液接触时间的20倍以上,可见铝保护要求苛刻;同时切削液废液处理压力大,一般切削液寿命要求2年以上。切削液配方设计中存在诸多平衡,碱保持与抑菌杀菌性组成的微生物稳定性大多易导致铝缓蚀使用过程中存在下降不达标的问题发生;同时槽液在单机供液下为满足使用寿命2年需采用槽边杀菌调整维护,以上情况对加工质量、操作工人及环境安全性存在危害。
现有切削液产品在加工稳定性上存在波动的同时,环保性能又面临了新的成分限制以及废液处理的挑战。有资料报道,采用微量润滑技术进行航空航天铝合金的加工存在刀具寿命短、挥发大、污染车间环境等问题。
发明内容
发明目的:为解决现有技术中的问题,本发明提供一种能够有效保护切削刀具以及低挥发的微量润滑用润滑油。
为解决上述问题,本发明所采用的技术方案为:
一种应用于微量润滑工艺中的低挥发润滑油,包括如下重量百分比的组分:合成酯基础油77-86%、润滑剂10-20%、抗氧剂0-2%以及油雾抑制剂1-2%;其中,合成酯基础油40℃的粘度为8-30mm2/s,闪点≥230℃;润滑剂为无灰型聚合酯润滑剂,其粘度指数为200以上,TGA分解温度为450℃以上,碘值为3以内。
其中,所述合成酯基础油为己二酯双酯、癸二酸双酯、新戊二醇酯、三羟甲基丙烷酯、季戊四醇酯的一种或任意几种的混合。本发明合成酯类基础油较传统矿物油润滑性能提升15%以上,挥发降低30%以上。
其中,所述所述润滑剂为高分子聚合酯、支链化聚合酯或α-烯烃二元酸与乙氧基醇的聚合酯化物中的一种。相比于传统氯、磷、硫类润滑剂,采用无灰型聚合酯润滑剂更加绿色环保。
其中,所述抗氧剂为天然抗氧化剂中的维生素E、油溶性茶多酚或芝麻酚中的一种。
其中,所述油雾抑制剂为聚异丁烯、聚丙烯酸酯或乙烯丙烯共聚物中的一种或任意几种的混合。
有益效果:本发明润滑油通过控制合成酯基础油与无灰型聚合酯润滑剂的碘值与抗氧化性能,有效提高了油品对刀具与铝合金工件的安全性,即油品不会腐蚀切削刀具和铝合金工件,从而实现了对加工机床台面和航空航天铝合金部件的防护,进而也无需在配方中额外添加防锈缓蚀剂;另外,酯类润滑剂具有良好的润滑性能,在良好的润滑性能下能实现高速切削加工,因此在具有高的加工效率的同时加工后的工件具有良好的表面光洁度(即铝合金工件表面粗糙度低),同时由于润滑性能好,因此切削过程中摩擦力小,摩擦力小不仅能够延长刀具的使用寿命,还能降低加工过程中热量的产生,进而进一步降低油品的挥发度(热量产生的越多会进一步促进挥发);最后,配方中的聚异丁烯、聚丙烯酸酯或乙烯丙烯共聚物作为油雾抑制剂,其具有特殊的空间网状结构,能够捕捉到热量作用下挥发出来的小分子结构物质,从而达到降低油雾挥发量的目的,进而有效控制加工机床周边悬浮颗粒物的浓度;本发明润滑油具有良好的热氧化安定性、润滑性能以及低的蒸发损失。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来对本发明技术方案作进一步阐述。
实施例1
一种应用于微量润滑工艺中的低挥发润滑油,由如下重量百分比的组分配制而成:高分子聚合酯20%、茶多酚2%、聚异丁烯1%以及己二酯双酯77%。
上述低挥发润滑油的制备方法为:向合成酯基础油中依次加入配方量的茶多酚、高分子聚合酯和聚异丁烯,室温下搅拌40-60min即可。
实施例2
一种应用于微量润滑工艺中的低挥发润滑油,由如下重量百分比的组分配制而成:支链化聚合酯10%、维生素E 2%、聚丙烯酸酯1%、乙烯丙烯共聚物1%、癸二酸双酯45%以及新戊二醇酯41%。
上述低挥发润滑油的制备方法为:向合成酯基础油中依次加入配方量的维生素E、支链化聚合酯、聚丙烯酸酯和乙烯丙烯共聚物,室温下搅拌40-60min即可。
实施例3
一种应用于微量润滑工艺中的低挥发润滑油,由如下重量百分比的组分配制而成:α-烯烃二元酸与乙氧基醇的聚合酯化物15%、芝麻酚1%、聚异丁烯1%、乙烯丙烯共聚物1%;三羟甲基丙烷酯60%以及季戊四醇酯22%。
上述低挥发润滑油的制备方法为:向合成酯基础油中依次加入配方量的芝麻酚、α-烯烃二元酸与乙氧基醇的聚合酯化物、聚异丁烯和乙烯丙烯共聚物,室温下搅拌40-60min即可。
按照润滑油品常规检测方法,对实施例1-3润滑油以及对比实施例润滑油进行性能检测,检测结果如表1所示。
其中,对比实施例为现有技术中航空航天铝合金工件常用的微量润滑油,该微量润滑油由传统矿物油、氯系润滑添加剂、铝合金缓蚀剂以及合成抗氧化剂组成。
表1为实施例1-3润滑油与对比实施例润滑油的性能检测结果
Figure BDA0002543449940000031
德国Microtap G8测试仪,7075测试块,普通高速钢丝锥,M4F,转速2000rpm,攻丝深度8mm;以对比实施例为基准100%,实施例1~3切削液的润滑值除以对比实施例润滑值*100%后为最终结果;该值越小,表明相比参照样,检测样品的润滑性能越优异。
从表1可以看出,相比对比实施例,本发明实施例1-3的润滑油具有更优异的热氧化安定性(不易发生老化)、润滑性能以及更低的蒸发损失。
将实施例1-3润滑油与对比实施例润滑油采用同样的微量润滑发生装置、同等喷油量,分别对四个相同的7075材质航空铝合金框进行加工,得到的试验结果如表2所示:
表2
Figure BDA0002543449940000041
从表2可以看出,实施例1~3润滑油铣削加工后航空铝合金工件表面粗糙度低,加工过程中油雾挥发量小,铝保护效果优异。而对比实施例的润滑油对航空铝合金工件的腐蚀性大,无法起到对航空铝合金工件的保护作用,同时其润滑性能也较差(铣削加工后航空铝合金工件的粗糙度高),并且加工过程油雾挥发量大。

Claims (1)

1.一种应用于微量润滑工艺中的低挥发润滑油,其特征在于,由如下重量百分比的组分配制而成:α-烯烃二元酸与乙氧基醇的聚合酯化物15%、芝麻酚1%、聚异丁烯1%、乙烯丙烯共聚物1%;三羟甲基丙烷酯60%以及季戊四醇酯22%;三羟甲基丙烷酯60%和季戊四醇酯22%形成的合成酯基础油于40℃下的粘度为8-30mm2/s,闪点≥230℃;所述聚合酯化物为无灰型聚合酯润滑剂,其粘度指数为200以上,TGA分解温度为450℃以上,碘值为3以内;所述润滑油用于给航空铝合金工件进行切削加工;所述润滑油的24h热氧化安定性试验后粘度比为1.02;所述润滑油诺亚蒸发损失为1%。
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