CN117660093A - 一种水基铝合金拉伸液及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种水基铝合金拉伸液及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117660093A CN117660093A CN202311653089.7A CN202311653089A CN117660093A CN 117660093 A CN117660093 A CN 117660093A CN 202311653089 A CN202311653089 A CN 202311653089A CN 117660093 A CN117660093 A CN 117660093A
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- aluminum alloy
- water
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
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- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium phosphates Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- GIAFURWZWWWBQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound NCCOCCO GIAFURWZWWWBQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/084—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
- C10M2207/123—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms polycarboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/127—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids polycarboxylic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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Abstract
本申请涉及铝合金加工技术领域,公开了一种水基铝合金拉伸液及其制备方法,其中的水基铝合金拉伸液,按质量百分比计算,包括:有机碱10%‑20%;防锈剂5%‑15%;油性剂5%‑10%;极压剂10%‑25%;缓蚀剂0.2%‑2%;杀菌剂0.3%‑1.8%;消泡剂0.05%‑0.2%;去离子水余量。本申请考虑铝合金加工的性能要求,针对现有技术的铝合金加工液润滑差、冷却差和耗油量大等问题,采用水基全合成配方优化冷却性能,以改善加工件的光滑度及表面光洁度,利用极压剂和油性剂的特性提高整体的润滑特性,所制得的水基铝合金拉伸液具有高润滑性能和易清洗的特点,能更好满足铝合金的加工要求。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及铝合金加工技术领域,主要涉及一种水基铝合金拉伸液及其制备方法。
背景技术
铝合金在力学、化学等方面均具备优良的性质,主要体现在密度低,强度较高,模量高等力学方面。铝的密度小,与其他金属相比质量较轻,仅为钢的1/4,因此适合应用于对轻质化要求较高的领域;铝合金具有良好的塑性,可加工成各种型材,还具有优良的导电性、导热性,因此在工业上使用十分广泛,使用量仅次于钢。
铝合金在加工中常出现的问题:1、化学性质相对活跃,在酸性和碱性环境中容易被腐蚀;2、铝合金熔点低,弹性模量较小,质地较软,在加工过程中容易出现拉花毛刺;3、铝合金的热膨胀系数较高,加工中所产生的巨大热量容易导致工件变形。因此铝合金加工用液需具备以下特点:1、相对温和的酸碱度,防止铝合金在加工过程中出现发黑现象,提高光亮度;2、良好的极压抗磨性,在高速高压的加工环境下仍能保持润滑;3、良好的冷却能力,防止加工过程中过热导致的铝工件发生热膨胀。
铝合金加工液一般在按一定比例稀释后使用,因此需要具有较高的润滑性能,以及一定的防锈、消泡等效果。中国发明专利CN101696367A中提出的铝合金加工液为半合成加工液,其中添加大量的矿物油容易导致冷却性能变差,在加工过程中会发生温升控制不佳的问题导致产生板面拉花毛刺等问题。其中使用的润滑剂含有持久性有机污染物氯化石蜡,长期使用易对加工人员以及环境造成严重伤害。中国发明专利CN113583744A提出的水基加工液并未添加杀菌剂、缓蚀剂,在长期使用过程中,加工液容易滋生细菌并产生腐败发臭现象,影响加工质量及加工环境。中国发明CN104812879A提出的水溶性金属加工液并未添加极压剂,在极压加工条件下润滑效果不足,容易损坏加工模具并影响模具使用寿命与加工件成品率。现有技术中介绍的加工液具有以下问题,难以有效满足实际铝合金加工的加工要求:(1)润滑及冷却效果不佳,后续生产中板面容易产生拉花、毛刺等问题,加工件表面光泽度低;(2)不能同时兼顾极压性、润滑性和防腐蚀性等性能,现有技术中介绍的加工液中含有硫、氯等元素,在加工过程中会造成对加工材料以及磨具的腐蚀,实际加工中不能长期使用,无法有效保证高的成品率。因此,现有技术还有待于改进和发展,有必要综合考虑铝合金的特性和加工过程的特点进行配方设置,根据现场工况来调整配方,设计开发一种高润滑性、高极压抗磨性、冷却好、易清洗的铝合金加工液。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的不足,本申请的目的在于提供一种水基铝合金拉伸液及其制备方法,旨在解决现有技术中铝合金加工液润滑差,冷却差,耗油量大等问题。
本申请的技术方案如下:
本申请提供一种水基铝合金拉伸液,其中,按质量百分比计算,包括以下组分:
本申请考虑铝合金加工的性能要求,针对现有技术的铝合金加工液润滑差,冷却差,耗油量大等问题,采用水基全合成配方优化冷却性能,以改善加工件的光滑度及表面光洁度,利用极压剂和油性剂的特性提高整体的润滑特性,合理添加防锈剂等组分,保证加工液的系统稳定提高生物稳定性,所制得的水基铝合金拉伸液具有高润滑性能和易清洗的特点,能更好满足铝合金的加工要求。
进一步地,所述有机碱为单乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二甘醇胺、二环己胺、二甲胺和四羟基甲基胺中的一种或两种以上;
所述缓蚀剂为巯基苯并噻唑、苯并三氮唑、甲基苯并三氮唑和甲基苯并三氮唑钠盐中的一种或两种以上。
进一步地,所述有机碱为三乙醇胺;所述缓蚀剂为苯并三氮唑。
进一步地,所述防锈剂为正癸二酸、三元酸、氨基磺酸、混合二元酸和新癸酸中的两种以上。
进一步地,所述三元酸为三元酸CI-03;所述防锈剂为正癸二酸、三元酸CI-03、氨基磺酸和新癸酸的组合;所述正癸二酸、三元酸CI-03、氨基磺酸和新癸酸的质量比为2:3:2.5:5。
进一步地,所述油性剂为椰子油酸、蓖麻油酸、油酸和棕榈油酸中的一种或两种以上;所述极压剂为磷酸酯、磷酸酯铵盐、磷酰胺和聚醚中的一种或两种以上。
进一步地,所述油性剂为椰子油酸,所述椰子油酸在所述水基铝合金拉伸液中的质量百分比为5%;
所述聚醚为聚醚17R2和聚醚17R4;
所述极压剂为磷酸酯、聚醚17R2和聚醚17R4的组合,所述磷酸酯、聚醚17R2和聚醚17R4的质量比为6:10:9。
进一步地,所述杀菌剂为N,N'-亚甲基双吗啉、丁基氨基甲酸碘丙炔酯、均三嗪、1-2苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮和异噻唑啉酮中的一种或两种以上;所述消泡剂为聚乙烯醇消泡剂、高碳醇消泡剂、有机硅消泡剂、聚醚类消泡剂中的一种或两种以上。
进一步地,所述杀菌剂为N,N'-亚甲基双吗啉和丁基氨基甲酸碘丙炔的组合,所述N,N'-亚甲基双吗啉和丁基氨基甲酸碘丙炔的质量比为1.5:0.3;
所述消泡剂有机硅消泡剂HP720,所述有机硅消泡剂HP720在所述水基铝合金拉伸液中的质量百分比为0.1%。
本申请还提供一种如上所述的水基铝合金拉伸液的制备方法,其中,包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述去离子水置于容器内,在所述去离子水中加入所述有机碱混合,在55-60℃下充分搅拌,得到澄清透明的混合溶液;
(2)将所述混合溶液冷却至35℃以下,向所述混合溶液中加入所述极压剂,充分搅拌至澄清透明;
(3)向所述混合溶液中依次加入所述油性剂、所述缓蚀剂、所述杀菌剂和所述消泡剂,搅拌至澄清透明,得到所述水基铝合金拉伸液;
当所述防锈剂包括固体防锈剂时,所述固体防锈剂随所述有机碱加入;当所述防锈剂包括液体防锈剂时,所述液体防锈剂随所述极压剂加入。
本申请提供的水基铝合金拉伸液具有以下有益效果:
(1)润滑性好。水基铝合金拉伸液中的极压剂和油性剂能够在加工液中均匀分散,在加工过程中为工件表面提供一层连续均匀的润滑膜,能够明显提升加工工件表面光泽度与平整度,有效减少模具磨损,提升成品率与延长模具寿命。
(2)清洗性及冷却性能好。本申请的水基铝合金拉伸液为全合成加工液,能够用水完全稀释,使用后无需额外清洗剂进行后续处理,进一步减少生产成本;冷却效果更佳,降低加工材料温升,可以更有效保证工件的表面质量。
(3)安全环保。本申请的水基铝合金拉伸液不含硫、氯、亚硝等有害物质,存储安全,使用时对皮肤与呼吸道无刺激性,易降解,环境友好。
(4)缓蚀性能和防锈性能好。水基铝合金拉伸液中的磷酸酯能有效抑制高温条件下铝合金的锈蚀,额外添加杀菌剂进一步保证加工液长期使用不变质,使用寿命长。
(5)高稳定性。水基铝合金拉伸液原液和稀释液状态稳定,不会发生分层现象,性能稳定加工效果优异。
具体实施方式
本申请提供一种水基铝合金拉伸液及其制备方法,为使本申请的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确,以下对本申请进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请,并不用于限定本申请。
本申请提供一种水基铝合金拉伸液,具体地,按质量百分比计算,包括以下组分:
本申请考虑铝合金加工的性能要求,针对现有技术的铝合金加工液润滑差,冷却差,耗油量大等问题,采用水基全合成配方优化冷却性能,以改善加工件的光滑度及表面光洁度,利用极压剂和油性剂的特性提高整体的润滑特性,合理添加防锈剂等组分,保证加工液的系统稳定提高生物稳定性,所制得的水基铝合金拉伸液具有高润滑性能和易清洗的特点,能更好满足铝合金的加工要求。
在本申请中,所提供的水基铝合金拉伸液在实际使用时,用水稀释水基铝合金拉伸液得到加工液,水基铝合金拉伸液的用量可以占工作液的5-10%。其中,水可以为自来水或去离子水,一般使用自来水稀释即可。
在使用过程中,需要保证水基铝合金拉伸液的稀释液(加工液)在铝的最优耐腐蚀区间(pH=7-9)之内,故采用有机碱进行调整。在本申请中防锈剂采用多种小分子有机酸进行复配,有机碱还能够与小分子酸反应中和使之溶于水,保证全合成体系的稳定。进一步地,有机碱为单乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二甘醇胺、二环己胺、二甲胺和四羟基甲基胺中的一种或两种以上。优选地,有机碱为三乙醇胺。所优选的三乙醇胺有机碱在本申请提供的用量范围内可以使水基铝合金拉伸液满足上述pH范围要求,且不会对所生产的铝制品及设备工件产生腐蚀,在接触皮肤时也不会造成损伤。
加工液在长时间使用后容易对加工件产生腐蚀,因此需要添加防锈剂。水性防锈剂的防锈能力,与其在金属表面的吸附能力、构成屏蔽腐蚀介质的保护膜厚度、膜的致密度及在溶液中的溶解度等因素密切相关。为使防锈剂在较低浓度时就能充分发挥作用,防锈剂分子的极性基与非极性基之间要有适当的匹配,即极性基能牢固地吸附在金属表面上,非极性基能有效地覆盖全部的金属表面。为了实现这一目的,选择添加多种小分子酸进行复配,充分利用其良好的防锈性、抗硬水性和低泡性。进一步地,防锈剂为正癸二酸、三元酸、氨基磺酸、混合二元酸和新癸酸中的两种以上。其中,三元酸为三元酸CI-03,购自天津昊瑞森化工贸易有限公司;优选地,防锈剂为正癸二酸、三元酸CI-03、氨基磺酸和新癸酸的组合;正癸二酸、三元酸CI-03、氨基磺酸和新癸酸的质量比为2:3:2.5:5。所优选的防锈剂组合可以满足上述防锈要求,且具有一定的抗菌能力。
油性剂在边界润滑条件下可以起到增强润滑油的润滑性以及防止磨损和擦伤的作用,其中的极性基团吸附在金属摩擦面上,通过形成分子定向吸附膜,阻隔金属相互间的直接接触,从而减少摩擦磨损。进一步地,油性剂为椰子油酸、蓖麻油酸、油酸和棕榈油酸中的一种或两种以上。优选地,油性剂为椰子油酸,椰子油酸在水基铝合金拉伸液中的质量百分比优选为5%。所优选此比例的椰子油酸可以很好地满足上述润滑要求,同时椰子油酸仅5%的添加量有利于防止加工液倾点过低,影响低温作业环境下的使用,也更加节省成本。
极压剂是一种在高温高压的边界润滑条件下能在摩擦副表面形成极压润滑膜的重载荷添加剂。磷系极压剂的极压抗磨性和其水解性有明显的对应关系,水解越容易,其抗磨极压性越好。进一步地,极压剂为磷酸酯、磷酸酯铵盐、磷酰胺和聚醚中的一种或两种以上。其中,聚醚为聚醚17R2和聚醚17R4,购自巴斯夫;优选地,极压剂为磷酸酯、聚醚17R2和聚醚17R4的组合,磷酸酯、聚醚17R2和聚醚17R4的质量比为6:10:9。其中,磷酸酯首先吸附在金属表面上,然后水解成酸性磷酸酯,它可以与金属形成有机金属磷酸盐保护膜。在极压摩擦条件下,它进一步分解形成无机的亚磷酸金属膜,起到极压抗磨作用。利用聚醚在高温下逆溶作用,进一步增强加工液的润滑性能。所优选的极压剂组合极压润滑性能优异,易溶解于水基润滑液中,在实际使用时更有效防止铝合金腐蚀。
由于部分加工机器中所用的零部件中含铜、铝、铁,油性剂可能会反应产生腐蚀,为了缓解这种腐蚀,需要向加工液中添加缓蚀剂。进一步地,缓蚀剂为巯基苯并噻唑、苯并三氮唑、甲基苯并三氮唑和甲基苯并三氮唑钠盐中的一种或两种以上。优选地,缓蚀剂为苯并三氮唑。所优选的苯并三氮唑缓蚀剂具有水油双溶性,能够稳定存在于水基加工液中,加工液经长时间使用仍能稳定发挥作用,达到不析出、不分层、不失效的效果。
由于加工液需要长时间的反复使用,因而针对磷酸酯类的营养物质,长时间在高温高湿度条件下易滋生微生物产生腐败变质的情况,需添加少量杀菌剂。进一步地,杀菌剂为N,N'-亚甲基双吗啉、丁基氨基甲酸碘丙炔酯、均三嗪、1-2苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮和异噻唑啉酮中的一种或两种以上。优选地,杀菌剂为N,N'-亚甲基双吗啉和丁基氨基甲酸碘丙炔酯的组合,N,N'-亚甲基双吗啉和丁基氨基甲酸碘丙炔酯的质量比为1.5:0.3。水基金属加工液专用的吗啉衍生物杀菌剂杀菌持久,杀菌谱广;少量添加丁基氨基甲酸碘丙炔酯即能够有效杀灭加工液工作中滋生的真菌,所优选此比例的杀菌剂组合能够有效延长加工液使用寿命防止变质。
在加工过程中,液槽中的加工液长时间受到大量搅动,需要添加消泡剂以防液体内的气泡大量增生,以免造成加工液空气含量增大、润滑性丧失和细菌滋生等后果。消泡剂一般是以低表面张力的硅油制成,可防止气泡的形成与扩大。进一步地,消泡剂为聚乙烯醇消泡剂、高碳醇消泡剂、有机硅消泡剂、聚醚类消泡剂中的一种或两种以上。优选地,消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂HP720,购自盟庆信添加剂贸易(上海)有限公司,有机硅消泡剂HP720在水基铝合金拉伸液中的质量百分比为0.1%。所优选的有机硅消泡剂HP720少量添加即能得到优异的消泡性能。
本申请考虑铝合金加工的性能要求,针对现有技术的铝合金加工液润滑差、冷却差和耗油量大等问题,采用水基全合成配方优化冷却性能,以改善加工件的光滑度及表面光洁度,采用磷酸酯和聚醚体系同时引入脂肪酸,充分利用聚醚逆溶特性提高整体润滑特性,合理添加防锈剂等组分,保证加工液的系统稳定提高生物稳定性,所制得的水基铝合金拉伸液具有高润滑性能和易清洗的特点,能更好满足铝合金的加工要求。
本申请还提供一种如上所述的水基铝合金拉伸液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将去离子水置于容器内,在去离子水中加入有机碱混合,在55-60℃下充分搅拌,得到澄清透明的混合溶液;
(2)将混合溶液冷却至35℃以下,向混合溶液中加入极压剂,充分搅拌至澄清透明;
(3)向混合溶液中依次加入所述油性剂、缓蚀剂、杀菌剂和消泡剂,充分搅拌至澄清透明,得到水基铝合金拉伸液;
当防锈剂包括固体防锈剂时,固体防锈剂随有机碱加入,步骤(1)中搅拌具体搅拌至固体防锈剂完全溶化;当防锈剂包括液体防锈剂时,液体防锈剂随极压剂加入。
按照此制备方法,通过升温控制能够促进固体防锈剂与有机碱的混合反应,降温后加入极压剂,能够有效保证极压剂中聚醚体系的稳定,依次加入各组分后充分搅拌,能够保证各组分充分混合,加工液达到稳定状态,在长时间加工使用过程中发挥良好的润滑、防锈等功效,不分层、不析出、不失效。
以下通过具体实施例作进一步说明
1、本申请各实施例中,部分原料来源如下:
单乙醇胺:骏雁新材料科技(上海)有限公司;
二甘醇胺:骏雁新材料科技(上海)有限公司;
三乙醇胺:Dows;
三元酸CI-03:天津昊瑞森化工贸易有限公司;
氨基磺酸:江苏诺泰澳赛诺生物制药股份有限公司;
正癸二酸:山东凯赛生物科技材料有限公司;
新癸酸:美孚;
椰子油酸:济南宏明工贸有限公司;
蓖麻油酸:思敏油品化工有限公司;
油酸:天津昊瑞森化工贸易有限公司;
聚醚17R2:巴斯夫;
聚醚17R4:巴斯夫;
磷酸酯:Evonik;
磷酸酯铵盐:上海宏泽化工有限公司;
苯并三氮唑:镇江博汉化工科技有限公司;
有机硅消泡剂HP720:盟庆信添加剂贸易(上海)有限公司。
2、本申请各实施例的水基铝合金拉伸液的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将去离子水置于容器内,在去离子水中将有机碱和防锈剂中的固体防锈剂三元酸CI-03、正癸二酸和氨基磺酸混合,在55℃下充分搅拌至固体防锈剂三元酸CI-03、正癸二酸和氨基磺酸完全溶化,得到澄清透明的混合溶液;
(2)将混合溶液冷却至35℃以下,向混合溶液中加入防锈剂中的液体防锈剂新癸酸和极压剂,充分搅拌至澄清透明;
(3)向混合溶液中依次加入油性剂、缓蚀剂、杀菌剂和消泡剂,充分搅拌至澄清透明,得到水基铝合金拉伸液。
3、性能测试
本申请各实施例制备的水基铝合金拉伸液的测试方法。其中碱值、皂化值和稳定性测试使用各实施例的水基铝合金拉伸液原液测试;
由于不同地区所使用的自来水的硬度不同,会导致测试数据不同,为数据准确在性能测试时统一使用去离子水稀释进行测试。其余性能测试通过使用去离子水稀释各实施例的水基铝合金拉伸液得到各实施例的加工液进行测试,其中,水基铝合金拉伸液的原液用量占工作液的5%。
(1)pH值、消泡性、碱值、皂化值、腐蚀性等测试方法:参照GB/T6144-2010进行。其中,腐蚀性仅进行3003系铝块测试。
(2)极压性能的测试方法,按照GB/T12583-1998进行,测试最大无卡咬负荷PB和烧结负荷PD。测试仪型号:厦门天机MS-10A。
(3)攻丝扭矩的测试方法:挤压转速800r/min,深度20mm,最大扭矩400Ncm,刀具:TTT T-M4F-TINT 3.642mm;7075铝:TTT-System3.4365-M4F/3.7 20mm。测试仪型号:TAPTTTSystem-G8。
(4)稳定性测试方法:以各实施例的水基铝合金拉伸液原液作为测试对象,在常温(25℃)下密封静置12h,观察状态变化;将测试对象在低温(-13±2℃)下密封静置24h,观察变化;将测试对象在高温(70℃)下密封放置5小时,观察变化(GB/T 6144)。
(5)抗磨性能的测试方法(RCP测试):摩擦频率2Hz,摩擦长度50mm,实验时间20s,摩擦温度60℃,接触载荷94.03N。摩擦副上球为四球钢球,下试片为3003铝厚1mm试片。测试仪型号:兰州华汇仪器科技有限公司研制的SFT-2摆动式摩擦磨损试验机。
实施例1-1~1-6
实施例1-1~1-6制备的水基铝合金拉伸液,其原液的成分如下表1所示:
表1
实施例1-1~1-6制备的水基铝合金拉伸液的润滑性能(极压测试最大无卡咬负荷PB、抗磨测试平均摩擦系数RCP COF、攻丝扭矩平均扭矩)、pH值和铝腐蚀结果如下表2所示:
表2
参照GB/T6144-2010测试各实施例对铝的腐蚀等级,实施例1-3的铝腐蚀等级为B(表示铝合金轻微变暗),实施例1-4的铝腐蚀等级为C(表示铝合金中度变暗),其余实施例的铝腐蚀等级为A(表示铝合金无锈,光泽如新),从表2可以看出,实施例1-1至1-6的润滑效果随着pH增大而被削弱,意味着中性环境下体系润滑效果更佳;同时随着单乙醇胺(MEA)用量以及pH的增大,铝腐蚀情况更加严重,说明单乙醇胺对3003系铝的腐蚀严重,选用三乙醇胺和二甘醇胺能够有效减缓对铝的腐蚀作用。
实施例2-1~2-6和对比例1~3
为确定油性剂的最佳添加量,实施例2-1~2-6和对比例1~3制备的水基铝合金拉伸液,其原液的成分如下表3所示:
表3
实施例2-1~2-6和对比例1~3制备的水基铝合金拉伸液的润滑性能(抗磨测试平均摩擦系数RCP COF、攻丝扭矩平均扭矩)、pH值和铝腐蚀结果如下表4所示:
表4
从表4可以看出,随着脂肪酸量的添加,能够显著减小实验平均扭矩,即润滑性能显著提升,且椰子油酸的提升更为明显。然而,椰子油酸的饱和添加量为5%,用量过高会导致体系pH更低,增加成本同时不利于水基铝合金拉伸液体系的生物稳定性。
实施例3-1~3-5和对比例4~6
为确定极压剂组合的最佳添加量,实施例3-1~3-5和对比例4~6制备的水基铝合金拉伸液,其原液的成分如下表5所示:
表5
实施例3-1~3-5和对比例4~6制备的水基铝合金拉伸液的润滑性能(抗磨测试平均摩擦系数RCP COF、攻丝扭矩平均扭矩)、pH和铝腐蚀结果如下表6所示:
表6
从表6可以看出,实施例3-5和对比例6的润滑性能也较好,但都有不稳定的问题,常温放置会分层,这样的成品的实验室测试数据可能会更好,但是在实际工况使用过程会不稳定。可见磷酸酯铵盐不溶于全合成体系,其加入会导致体系不稳定,并不能满足实际工况使用。随着磷酸酯用量的增加,润滑性能均有所提高,综合考虑实施例3-2的磷酸酯:聚醚17R2:聚醚17R4=6:10:9复配时,在体系整体稳定不分层的情况下润滑性能达到最佳,更能满足实际的应用工况。
实施例4-1~4-4
实施例4-1~4-4制备的水基铝合金拉伸液,其原液的成分如下表7所示。
表7
实施例4-1~4-4制备的水基铝合金拉伸液消泡性如下表8所示:
表8
样品 | 消泡性 | 余量(mL/10min) |
实施例4-1 | 合格 | 0 |
实施例4-2 | 不合格 | 10 |
实施例4-3 | 不合格 | 10 |
实施例4-4 | 不合格 | 10 |
从表8可以看出,有机硅消泡剂的少量添加即可有效改善泡沫丰富情况,而聚醚类消泡剂的添加对改善泡沫无明显作用。
用市售的进口铝加工液(福斯)作为对比例,与本申请实施例4-1提供的水基铝合金拉伸液的综合性能进行对比,性能数据如下表9所示:
表9
在攻丝扭矩的测试过程中,使用红外测温仪检测其中的挤压温升(℃),从表9的性能数据可以看出,本申请提供的水基铝合金拉伸液的润滑性、极压抗磨性均优于对比例的市售产品,且在攻丝扭矩挤压过程中产生更小的温升,表明本申请提供的水基铝合金拉伸液能够在实际加工中能够提供良好的冷却性能,保持加工件在更接近室温状态下加工,保证加工件板面的光亮度和加工成品率。
本申请针对现有技术中铝合金加工液的润滑性能不足、极压抗磨性能不足、冷却性不足和清洗性能不足等问题,利用油性剂形成连续高强度润滑膜,并与极压剂复配从而提升极高加工难度下的极压性和润滑性能,所提供的水基铝合金拉伸液不含基础油,因此相对于市面上广泛使用的油基类产品耗油量明显减少,相对于市面上水基产品具有更高的润滑性能,同时水基加工液也从根本上解决了市面上大部分油基产品加工后表面残留油污难以清洗的问题。
本申请针对使用油基铝加工液加工后的工件表面由于加工过程中温度过高产生的拉花毛刺现象,所开发的水基铝合金拉伸液为全合成铝合金加工液,可以控制温升并提高铝材板面光亮度和加工成品率。
应当理解的是,本申请的应用不限于上述的举例,对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换,所有这些改进和变换都应属于本申请的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种水基铝合金拉伸液,其特征在于,按质量百分比计算,包括以下组分:
2.根据权利要求1所述的水基铝合金拉伸液,其特征在于,所述有机碱为单乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二甘醇胺、二环己胺、二甲胺和四羟基甲基胺中的一种或两种以上;
所述缓蚀剂为巯基苯并噻唑、苯并三氮唑、甲基苯并三氮唑和甲基苯并三氮唑钠盐中的一种或两种以上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的水基铝合金拉伸液,其特征在于,所述有机碱为三乙醇胺;
所述缓蚀剂为苯并三氮唑。
4.根据权利要求1所述的水基铝合金拉伸液,其特征在于,所述防锈剂为正癸二酸、三元酸、氨基磺酸、混合二元酸和新癸酸中的两种以上。
5.根据权利要求4所述的水基铝合金拉伸液,其特征在于,所述三元酸为三元酸CI-03;
所述防锈剂为正癸二酸、三元酸CI-03、氨基磺酸和新癸酸的组合;所述正癸二酸、三元酸CI-03、氨基磺酸和新癸酸的质量比为2:3:2.5:5。
6.根据权利要求1所述的水基铝合金拉伸液,其特征在于,所述油性剂为椰子油酸、蓖麻油酸、油酸和棕榈油酸中的一种或两种以上;
所述极压剂为磷酸酯、磷酸酯铵盐、磷酰胺和聚醚中的一种或两种以上。
7.根据权利要求6所述的水基铝合金拉伸液,其特征在于,所述油性剂为椰子油酸,所述椰子油酸在所述水基铝合金拉伸液中的质量百分比为5%;
所述聚醚为聚醚17R2和聚醚17R4;
所述极压剂为磷酸酯、聚醚17R2和聚醚17R4的组合,所述磷酸酯、聚醚17R2和聚醚17R4的质量比为6:10:9。
8.根据权利要求1所述的水基铝合金拉伸液,其特征在于,所述杀菌剂为N,N'-亚甲基双吗啉、丁基氨基甲酸碘丙炔酯、均三嗪、1-2苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮和异噻唑啉酮中的一种或两种以上;
所述消泡剂为聚乙烯醇消泡剂、高碳醇消泡剂、有机硅消泡剂、聚醚类消泡剂中的一种或两种以上。
9.根据权利要求8所述的水基铝合金拉伸液,其特征在于,所述杀菌剂为N,N'-亚甲基双吗啉和丁基氨基甲酸碘丙炔酯的组合,所述N,N'-亚甲基双吗啉和丁基氨基甲酸碘丙炔酯的质量比为1.5:0.3;
所述消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂HP720,所述有机硅消泡剂HP720在所述水基铝合金拉伸液中的质量百分比为0.1%。
10.一种如权利要求1-9任一项所述的水基铝合金拉伸液的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述去离子水置于容器内,在所述去离子水中加入所述有机碱混合,在55-60℃下充分搅拌,得到澄清透明的混合溶液;
(2)将所述混合溶液冷却至35℃以下,向所述混合溶液中加入所述极压剂,充分搅拌至澄清透明;
(3)向所述混合溶液中依次加入所述油性剂、所述缓蚀剂、所述杀菌剂和所述消泡剂,充分搅拌至澄清透明,得到所述水基铝合金拉伸液;
当所述防锈剂包括固体防锈剂时,所述固体防锈剂随所述有机碱加入;当所述防锈剂包括液体防锈剂时,所述液体防锈剂随所述极压剂加入。
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