CN111683800A - 包括用于限定复合腔室的受控容积的加压器主体的双螺杆混合器-挤出机 - Google Patents

包括用于限定复合腔室的受控容积的加压器主体的双螺杆混合器-挤出机 Download PDF

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CN111683800A
CN111683800A CN201980012278.1A CN201980012278A CN111683800A CN 111683800 A CN111683800 A CN 111683800A CN 201980012278 A CN201980012278 A CN 201980012278A CN 111683800 A CN111683800 A CN 111683800A
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U·科伦坡
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Abstract

一种用于挤出和混合例如橡胶基和硅酮基材料的塑料材料的设备，该设备包括自卸式挤出机主体，其中安装有朝着挤出模具(3)会聚的两个圆锥形螺杆(2)，该挤出模具(3)适用于被关闭装置(4)封闭，圆锥形螺杆(2)被容纳在低压复合腔室(1)内，并且在一对会聚的圆锥形通道内还限定高压腔室(2')，所述低压腔室(1)对应于相对于挤出方向的上游区域，其中，所述高压腔室(2')和/或所述低压腔室(1)容纳加压器主体(5、5'、6)，该加压器主体(5、5'、6)限定可移动壁，该可移动壁适用于导致各个腔室(1、2')的容积的受控变化。

Description

包括用于限定复合腔室的受控容积的加压器主体的双螺杆混 合器-挤出机
技术领域
本发明涉及用于橡胶、硅酮、塑料和热塑性材料或其它材料的混合器-挤出机，更具体地涉及设置有用于暂时调节复合腔室的装置的混合器-挤出机。
背景技术
众所周知的是，在用于合成材料(特别是具有良好弹性程度的材料，诸如，橡胶、弹性体、塑料和/或热塑性材料或硅酮)的一些类型的螺杆挤出机中，通过向上侧开口的装载料斗(hopper)执行向挤出螺杆的进料。
被证明尤其有效的可商购的挤出机是在以同一申请人的名义的WO 2005/039847中描述的挤出机，并入本文作为参考，其中，在双螺杆自卸式(dump)挤出机类型的挤出机中提供了复合功能。
更精确地，参照图1，图1部分地在剖视图中例示了这种现有技术的机器，复合腔室1容纳一对挤出圆锥形螺杆2，该螺杆2朝着挤出模具3推动材料，该挤出模具3可以被盲板凸缘或关闭盖4关闭。复合腔室1设置有入口1a，该入口1a向进料料斗(未示出)开口。关闭盖4封闭(occlude)挤出模具3，并迫使材料再循环到复合腔室1中，从而导致由两个圆锥形螺杆进行复合。实际上，该材料通过一对反向旋转的螺杆向前驱动，即，朝着挤出模具3驱动，并且然后当模具被盖4封闭时被迫使向后移动。在某些应用中，两个螺杆的旋转也可以暂时反转，以提高复合效果。
盖4可以打开或容易地去除，以便使挤出模具3在复合步骤期间保持封闭，直到期望的为止，并且然后在混合结束时被打开以允许挤出的材料流出。
当自卸式挤出机的挤出模具3被盖4关闭时，通过料斗引入的材料被迫使在腔室1内部在其自身上再循环，从而被均匀地复合。
值得注意地，在操作中，在将盲板凸缘4布置在关闭位置的情况下，要混合的物料(load)(例如，已经在另一机器中预混合的化合物或者散装成分，诸如，橡胶、填料、促进剂，等)被装载到进料料斗并馈送到复合腔室1中，同时电动机保持圆锥形螺杆的反向旋转，从而将要复合的材料朝着模具推动。然而，关闭盖4不允许混合物从腔室1流出，并且迫使混合物再循环回到腔室。因此在低压材料进料区域与盲板凸缘4附近的高压“引导”区域之间确定了增大的压力梯度。在具有可变压力的各种基本成分的区域之间的再循环允许快速且有效地复合混合物。
两个反向旋转的圆锥形螺杆部分地容纳在装载材料的大腔室1内，部分地容纳在会聚和相交的圆锥形通道中，其中，螺杆的外围轮廓邻近通道表面延伸。因此，材料被迫使跟随螺杆的叶片轮廓到达逐渐变窄的容积，从而增大压力。为了实现材料的再循环(当盖4关闭时)，至少在圆锥形通道的最前部区域中，外围壁设置有扩大部，使得螺杆叶片在距离壁一定距离处。通常，在容纳通道的上部设置扩大部。由于用于容纳挤出螺杆的通道的这种扩大部的存在，当盖关闭时，允许材料向后循环，返回到腔室1的低压区域，从而导致有效复合。
尽管该挤出机功能齐全，但是申请人发现了存在改进的空间。实际上，已经注意到的是，要复合的材料基于局部压力被自由地布置在混合腔室1内，并且这导致可能的停滞或混合中的延迟，并且有时导致材料的温度和压力过度升高。因此，期望在复合步骤期间更好地控制该处理。
在现有技术中，已经提出了一些挤出机的奇特配置，其中，使用可移动元件来至少控制材料到挤出机螺杆中的进入。例如，DE102007033355公开了一种设置有材料推板的挤出机，该材料推板在挤出机的入口料斗中进行操作。相比之下，US2016/0361697涉及一种混合器，其中，提供了可移除的关闭元件，该关闭元件打开和关闭材料混合腔室。然而，这些现有技术的系统中没有一个能够在处理期间控制要复合的材料的压力条件和温度条件，以使压力条件和温度条件既适于复合条件又适于挤出条件。
问题和解决方案
因此，本发明的根本问题是提供一种如上所述的橡胶基或硅酮基材料的挤出和复合机器，该挤出和复合机器克服了上述缺点，并且允许更好地控制材料的混合和温度/压力以及在处理期间的复合时间。
通过所附权利要求中的基本术语中限定的特征来实现该目的。
值得注意地，根据第一方面，提供了一种用于混合和挤出例如橡胶基和硅酮基材料的塑料材料的设备，该设备包括自卸式挤出机主体，其中，安装了朝着挤出模具会聚的两个圆锥形螺杆，该挤出模具适用于被关闭装置封闭，圆锥形螺杆被容纳在低压复合腔室内，并且在一对会聚的圆锥形通道内也限定高压腔室，所述低压腔室对应于相对于挤出方向的上游区域，其中
在所述高压腔室和/或在所述低压腔室中，提供了加压器主体，该加压器主体形成可移动壁，该可移动壁适用致使各个腔室的容积的受控变化。
根据优选方面，至少所述高压腔室设置有被控制在适当位置的加压器主体。
根据另一方面，低压腔室的加压器主体被布置成封闭塑料材料装载开口，诸如，自卸式挤出机主体的入口料斗。
通常，加压器主体被安装成可滑动地移动，但是也可以被安装成具有一个或更多个旋转角度。加压器主体优选地在受控致动器的作用下能在升高(或原始)的位置与降低(或操作)的位置之间移动。根据一种变型，致动器在混合期间确定所述加压器的恒定位置。
根据优选的方面，加压器主体具有可移动壁，该可移动壁被成形为两个相交的圆锥形表面部分，以便适于并遵循两个螺杆的叶片的轮廓。
理解的是，加压器主体至少在复合步骤期间移位到适当位置，其中，所述关闭装置防止塑料材料通过所述挤出模具。
关闭装置可以呈抽出齿轮泵的形式，该抽出齿轮泵被停止并封闭所述模具的出口。
附图说明
无论如何，从以下仅通过非限制性示例的方式给出并在附图中例示的一些优选实施方式的详细描述，本发明的其它特征和优点将更加明显，其中：
图1是已经提到的现有技术的挤出机/混合器系统的局部剖开的侧视图；
图2A是图1的单个复合腔室的细节的示意性放大图，但是涉及根据本发明的第一实施方式的挤出机系统；
图2B是类似于图2A的视图，但是涉及第一实施方式的变型；
图3A是类似于图2A的视图，但是涉及本发明的第二优选实施方式；
图3B是沿着图3A的III-III线截取的剖视图；
图4A是在再循环腔室的放大步骤中类似于图3A的视图；
图4B是沿着图4A的IV-IV线截取的剖视图；以及
图5是类似于图2A的视图，但是涉及第三实施方式。
具体实施方式
挤出和混合机器包括图1所示的基本元件，并且已经在介绍部分中参考文献WO2005/039847进行了描述，该文献通过引用并入本文。
值得注意地，“自卸式挤出机”机器具有限定复合腔室1的机器主体，该复合腔室1容纳一对圆锥形挤出螺杆2，该圆锥形挤出螺杆2被布置有相交的螺旋形叶片螺旋和朝着挤出模具3会聚的轴。
挤出模具3可以通过合适的关闭装置4(在图中示意性地例示)(诸如，可移除的盖)或者简单地通过抽出齿轮泵来关闭，该抽出齿轮泵被停止并封闭模具的出口。
复合腔室1具有上部入口1a，从该上部入口1a引入要处理的材料，诸如，橡胶基或硅酮基材料。
在腔室1的前部中，在挤出模具3附近，一对圆锥形螺杆2被容纳在会聚的圆锥形通道内，该圆锥形通道的内壁几乎接触圆锥形螺杆的叶片边缘。因此，这种圆锥形通道的截面轮廓被成形为两个相交的圆。在这种截面轮廓的至少一个区域中，通道的内壁具有扩大部，从而与圆锥形螺杆2的叶片分离并且限定材料再循环腔室。通常，在圆锥形螺杆2的上部设置这种扩大部(参见图4B中的区域2')。
现在参照图2A和图2B，应该注意的是，根据本发明的第一实施方式，复合腔室1的入口1a设置有封闭主体5，以下称为加压器，其被安装成以便提升和降低。
值得注意地，根据第一变型，加压器5被安装成以便在提升位置和与腔室1内部的材料接触的位置之间线性滑动(如图2A所示)；在这种情况下，加压器5基本上类似于活塞地制造，加压器5封闭入口1a，并且根据基本上垂直于一对螺杆2的放置平面的轴线基本上在入口1a中移动，以便成为可变地关闭腔室1的元件。
根据第二变型，加压器5'被安装成围绕铰链5a在向上旋转位置与向下旋转位置之间枢转(如图2B所示)，在向下旋转位置中，加压器5'与腔室内的材料接触。
加压器5或5'相对于入口1a以一定的间隙安装，因此不必密封腔室1的入口，而是旨在靠在腔室内复合的材料上，以便局部地(在腔室1的低压区域中)施加压力到材料本身。换句话说，加压器5或5'旨在以受控的方式减小腔室1的容积，以便能够以受控的方式根据期望调节材料的压力和温度。
加压器5的局部压力作用对由该对圆锥形螺杆复合的材料产生有利的效果。值得注意地，从高压区域回到低压区域的材料在其路上被加压器保持在锥形螺杆的叶片内部，从而改进了混合效果。
腔室1的该低压区域中的压力允许更好地控制材料的回流的量，以便有利于并加速材料的均质化效果。
为此目的，可以简单地将加压器制成可移动安装的重主体形式(如上所示)，以使得始终向材料施加相同的压力(由于在重力作用下的其自己的重量)，或者制成在受控致动器(未示出)(诸如，液压、电动或气动千斤顶)的作用下的可移动活塞的形式。
在第二种情况下，可以控制致动器以便施加恒定的力-从而产生类似于重物的效果-或者以便将活塞保持在固定位置，从而实际上设定期望的容积，在该容积中压力可能周期性变化。此外，在复合和挤出周期中，加压器5、5'的位置和压力可以改变和被设定。
加压器5不必须具有圆形的横截面形状，而是可以采用任何其它形状，例如，正方形、矩形、三角形或圆形的扇形截面。显然，仅要求其具有能够适合入口1a的轮廓的形状。
在图2A和图2B的第一实施方式的两个变型中，加压器5、5'被施加在腔室1的所谓的低压区域中，即，紧靠装载入口1a的区域中。
相比之下，在优选实施方式(图3A至图4B)中，加压器6在挤出腔室1的高压区域中操作，即，在两个圆锥形螺杆被容纳在相应的圆锥形通道内的区域中。在高压腔室中，压力通常在5bar至200bar的范围内。在这种情况下，可以通过限定恒定容积的简单盖打开或关闭料斗的入口1a，并且仅通过加压器6对复合材料施加压力控制。
值得注意地，如图3B和图4B的比较所示，在该优选实施方式中，加压器6构成圆锥形通道的扩大部的可移动壁，该可移动壁限定高压复合腔室2'。因此，通过使加压器6移位，可以控制高压复合腔室2'的容积变化，从而确定压力的变化，并间接地确定被处理的材料的温度。
在这种情况下，由于加压器6在高压区域中进行操作，在该高压区域中，圆锥形通道的壁与螺杆的叶片边缘相邻，所以加压器6限定可移动壁，该可移动壁被成形为两个相交的圆锥形表面部分，该可移动壁确实构成各个圆锥形通道的一部分(如在图4B中可以清楚看到的)。
由于高压区域的尺寸也远小于低压区域的尺寸，所以当然优选的是，加压器6由致动器控制，该致动器在作用在较小的加压器上时能够在材料上施加足够的整体压力。此外，在该区域(即，在高压复合腔室)上的容积变化被证明是非常有效的，因为它们导致高百分比变化，并且因此对材料的行为具有显著影响。
根据第三实施方式，既在低压区域中设置加压器5、5'，又在高压区域中设置受控的加压器6。优选地，在两个加压器上都执行控制动作，以便具有最大的干预灵活性。
如可以理解的，通过使用改变高压腔室2'和/或低压腔室1的容积的移动式加压器5、5'和/或6，可以放置附加控制元件，这允许最佳地调节混合程度和处理速度/性能。
还发现的是，即使在挤出步骤期间，即，当关闭盖4被打开并且材料通过模具3被挤出时，控制加压器的干预也是方便的。因此，在该步骤中，可以更好地调节材料流出压力并改进复合腔室的排空，避免材料中的空气夹杂(如果有)。
然而，应理解，本发明不应被视为限于以上例示的特定布置，其仅表示其一些示例性实现方式，但是不同的变型是可能的，所有这些变型在本领域技术人员的力所能及的范围内，而不脱离由所附权利要求书限定的本发明本身的范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于混合和挤出例如橡胶基和硅酮基材料的塑料材料的设备，所述设备包括自卸式挤出机主体，在所述自卸式挤出机主体中安装有朝着挤出模具(3)会聚的两个圆锥形螺杆(2)，所述挤出模具(3)适用于被关闭装置(4)封闭，所述圆锥形螺杆(2)被容纳在低压复合腔室(1)内，并且在一对会聚的圆锥形通道内还限定有高压腔室(2')，所述低压腔室(1)对应于相对于挤出方向的上游区域，其特征在于
在所述高压腔室(2')和/或在所述低压腔室(1)中，设置有加压器主体(5、5'、6)，所述加压器主体(5、5'、6)形成可移动壁，所述可移动壁适用于限定各个腔室(1、2')的容积的受控变化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，至少所述高压腔室(2')设置有被控制在适当位置的加压器主体(6)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述低压腔室(1)的所述加压器主体(5、5')被布置成封闭塑料材料装载开口(1a)。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的设备，其中，所述加压器主体(5、6)被安装成以可滑动的方式移动。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的设备，其中，所述加压器主体(5、6)在受控致动器的作用下能在升高的位置与降低的位置之间移动。
6.根据权利要求5所述的设备，其中，所述致动器确定所述加压器(5、6)的恒定位置。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的设备，其中，所述加压器(6)具有可移动壁，所述可移动壁被成形为两个相交的圆锥形表面部分。
8.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的设备，其中，所述加压器(5、5'、6)至少在复合步骤期间被移位到适当位置，其中，所述关闭装置(4)防止所述塑料材料穿过所述挤出模具(3)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的设备，其中，所述关闭装置(4)呈抽出齿轮泵的形式，所述抽出齿轮泵被停止并封闭所述模具(3)的出口。
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EP3755513A1 (en) 2020-12-30
US20210113975A1 (en) 2021-04-22
KR20200120902A (ko) 2020-10-22
JP2021513930A (ja) 2021-06-03
WO2019162803A1 (en) 2019-08-29
US11925911B2 (en) 2024-03-12
CN111683800B (zh) 2022-07-01
IT201800002860A1 (it) 2019-08-20
BR112020014411A2 (pt) 2020-12-01
JP7330520B2 (ja) 2023-08-22
ES2958088T3 (es) 2024-02-01
EP3755513C0 (en) 2023-07-05
PL3755513T3 (pl) 2023-12-11

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