CN111670188B - 用于治疗纤维化的化合物和组合物 - Google Patents
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- CN111670188B CN111670188B CN201880088382.4A CN201880088382A CN111670188B CN 111670188 B CN111670188 B CN 111670188B CN 201880088382 A CN201880088382 A CN 201880088382A CN 111670188 B CN111670188 B CN 111670188B
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Abstract
本发明提供了用于治疗MKP‑5调节的疾病的化合物和方法。在某些实施方式中,MKP‑5调节的疾病是纤维化疾病。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请按照35U.S.C.§119(e)要求2017年12月18日提交的美国临时专利申请号62/607,110的优先权,其整体通过引用并入本文。
关于联邦政府资助的研究或研发的声明
本发明是在美国国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health)授予的AR066003的政府支持下完成的。政府拥有本发明的某些权利。
背景技术
响应组织损伤的胞外基质组分累积是组织修复必不可少的生理过程。不幸的是,加剧损伤的慢性损害(chronic insults)促使成纤维细胞和肌成纤维细胞过度产生胞外基质组分,从而致使纤维结缔组织过度累积,最终对照被称为纤维化的病理状态。不管多种慢性疾病的病因和错综进展复杂性如何,纤维化代表了组织死亡的共同末期。组织纤维化的破坏性后遗症导致器官机能障碍和最终衰竭。因此,纤维化是器官移植的单一最常见原因。
纤维化可以影响各种器官,如心脏、肝、肺、骨骼肌、肾、脉管系统和心脏。纤维化代表占世界所有死亡的近50%的多种慢性组织疾病的末期:骨骼肌组织(营养不良性肌肉疾病)、心脏和血管组织(心肌梗塞)、肝组织(非酒精性脂肪肝/肝硬化)、肺组织(特发性肺纤维化)和肾组织(慢性肾病/肾纤维化)。
例如,在营养不良性肌肉疾病(如例如杜兴肌营养不良)中,营养不良性肌肉变得越来越纤维化,降低了患者的行走能力,并危及患者的呼吸和心血管功能。营养不良性肌肉疾病无法治疗或治愈,并且实验性基因替代疗法尚未成功。
在另一实例中,特发性肺纤维化(常称为IDF或IPF)响应于慢性肺损伤而发生,并且是未知来源的慢性纤维化实质性肺疾病。肺组织的增厚和疤痕化(scaring)降低了患者的呼吸能力。IDF是常见的并且比很多癌症更具致命性,患病率为20-50例/100,000。该疾病总体上在超过55岁的对象中被诊出,并且中位存活时间为3-4年。美国在任何时间都有约200,000名患者,并且每年其中30,000名死亡。
尽管越来越认识到组织纤维化是很多疾病的高发病率和死亡率的原因,但少有可利用的FDA批准的纤维化治疗。
促分裂原活化蛋白(MAP)激酶(也称为MAPK)是对氨基酸丝氨酸、苏氨酸和酪氨酸具有特异性的蛋白激酶。MAPK涉及引导对各种刺激(如促分裂原、渗透性应激、热冲击和促炎症细胞因子)的细胞响应。其调节细胞功能,包括增殖、基因表达、分化、有丝分裂、细胞存活和凋亡。
另一方面,MAP激酶磷酸酶(MKP)使MAP激酶去磷酸化。具体地,MKP-5使p38MAPK和JNK去磷酸化。MAP激酶已表明与组织纤维化的进展有关。基于损伤组织修复进行到纤维化末期的多种小鼠模型,已显示MKP-5是组织纤维化的关键正调节因子。MKP-5的遗传抑制改善肺和骨骼肌的纤维化,并减少血管纤维化和动脉粥样硬化中发生的早期事件。在机制水平上,MKP-5缺陷型细胞其激活TGF-β信号传导途径的能力受损,TGF-β信号传导途径在促进纤维化中起已确立的作用。这些综合观察表明MKP-5是组织纤维化治疗的目标。
本领域需要可用于治疗和/或预防纤维化疾病的新型化合物和组合物。本公开解决了这种需要。
发明内容
一方面,本发明提供了治疗或预防对其有需要的哺乳动物中的MKP-5调节的疾病或障碍的方法。在各种实施方式中,方法包括向哺乳动物给予治疗有效量的式(1a)或(1b)的化合物:
其中:Z选自NR、NC(=O)R、CH2和O,并且/>键为单键;或者Z为N,并且/>键为双键;R1选自C1-C6烷基、任选地取代的苯基和NRR;每次出现的R独立地选自H、C1-C6烷基和任选地取代的苯基;A选自任选地取代的苯基和任选地取代的杂芳基。
在各种实施方式中,化合物是式(2)的化合物:
其中:Z选自CH2和O;R1选自C1-C6烷基、任选地取代的苯基和NRR,其中每次出现的R独立地选自H、C1-C3烷基和取代的或未取代的苯基;R3选自H、C1-C6烷基和C1-C3硫醚;并且R4选自H和COOR5,其中R5选自H和C1-C6烷基。
在各种实施方式中,芳基或杂芳基被选自C1-C6烷基、C1-C6硫烷基、C(=O)OH、C(=O)OC1-C6烷基、氰基和卤素中的至少一个取代基取代。
在各种实施方式中,化合物对MKP-5的Ki≤100μM。
在各种实施方式中,化合物结合至MKP-5的变构位点。
在各种实施方式中,化合物选自3,3-二甲基-1-((9-(甲硫基)-5,6-二氢噻吩并[3,4-h]喹唑啉-2-基)硫)丁-2-酮;1-((5,6-二氢苯并[h]喹唑啉-2-基)硫)-3,3-二甲基丁-2-酮;N,N-二甲基-2-((9-(甲硫基)-5,6-二氢噻吩并[3,4-h]喹唑啉-2-基)硫)乙酰胺;N-乙基-N-甲基-2-((9-(甲硫基)-5,6-二氢噻吩并[3,4-h]喹唑啉-2-基)硫)乙酰胺;1-((9-氟-5,6-二氢苯并[h]喹唑啉-2-基)硫)-3,3-二甲基丁-2-酮;1-((6H-异色原烯并[4,3-d]嘧啶-2-基)硫)-3,3-二甲基丁-2-酮;1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-((4-(3,4-二甲基噻吩并[2,3-b]噻吩-2-基)嘧啶-2-基)硫)乙-1-酮;1-((5,6-二氢噻吩并[2,3-h]喹唑啉-2-基)硫)-3,3-二甲基丁-2-酮;3,3-二甲基-1-(嘧啶并[5,4-c]喹啉-2-基硫)丁-2-酮;和1-((6-乙酰基-5,6-二氢嘧啶并[5,4-c]喹啉-2-基)硫)-3,3-二甲基丁-2-酮;和3,3-二甲基-1-((9-丙基-5,6-二氢噻吩并[3,4-h]喹唑啉-2-基)硫)丁-2-酮。
在各种实施方式中,化合物选自YU032149、HJ830、HJ845、HJ846、HJ858和HJ862。
在各种实施方式中,化合物作为药物组合物的一部分被给予,该药物组合物进一步包含至少一种药学上可接受的载体。
在各种实施方式中,MKP-5调节的疾病或障碍是纤维化疾病或障碍。
在各种实施方式中,MKP-5调节的疾病或障碍选自营养不良性肌肉疾病、心脏或血管疾病、特发性肺纤维化及其任何组合。
在各种实施方式中,哺乳动物是人。
在各种实施方式中,通过选自鼻部、吸入、局部(表面,topical)、口服、颊部、直肠、胸膜、腹膜、阴道、肌内、皮下、经皮、硬膜外、气管内、耳部、眼内、鞘内和静脉内途径的至少一种途径向哺乳动物给予MKP-5抑制剂。
在各种实施方式中,方法进一步包括向哺乳动物给予治疗或预防哺乳动物中的MKP-5调节的疾病或障碍的至少一种另外的试剂。
在各种实施方式中,抑制剂和至少一种另外的试剂被共同配制。
在另一方面,本发明提供了选自下列的化合物:
另一方面,本发明提供了用于预防或治疗哺乳动物中的MKP-5调节的疾病或障碍的试剂盒,该试剂盒包括MKP-5抑制剂、任选地施用器(applicator)、和其使用说明材料,其中说明材料记载了将被给予哺乳动物以治疗或预防MKP-5调节的疾病或障碍的MKP-5抑制剂的量和频率。
再另一方面,本发明提供了确定测试化合物是否为MKP-5抑制剂的方法。在某些实施方式中,方法包括使测试化合物与(i)包含氨基酸序列pThr-Gly-pTyr的底物肽和(ii)包含MKP-5的催化结构域或其活性片段和/或由MKP-5的催化结构域或其活性片段组成的催化多肽接触,从而形成组合物。在其它实施方式中,方法包括测量组合物中的MKP-5活性。在又一实施方式中,方法包括将组合物中的MKP-5活性与对照进行比较。在再其它实施方式中,底物肽包含氨基酸序列Asp-Asp-Glu-Nle-pThr-Gly-pTyr-Val-Ala-Thr-Arg(pTpY,SEQ IDNO:3)。在再其它实施方式中,MKP-5活性的测量包括测量组合物中无机游离磷酸根的任何变化。
附图说明
对本发明的示例性实施方式的以下详细描述在结合附图阅读时将被更好地理解。为了示例本发明的目的,在附图中显示了某些示例性实施方式。然而,应理解,本发明不限于附图中所示的实施方式的精确布置和手段。
图1包括描述MKP-5在组织纤维化中的示例性作用的示意图。
图2A包括描述MKP-5对本发明的示例性化合物的活性的剂量响应的图。图2B包括示例MKP-5对本发明的示例性化合物(YU032149)的剂量响应的图。图2C包括描述YU032149与MKP-5的Kd的确定的图。
图3包括基于结合有配体和抑制剂的MKP-5的晶体结构的带状图(ribbondiagram)。
图4A包括YU032149与MKP-5结合的示例,其中示例了某些残基。图4B包括YU032149与变构位点的示例,其中示例了抑制剂与蛋白质之间的某些接触。
图5包括YU032149与MKP-5的变构位点的结合的示例。示例了响应结合的所选活性位点残基的置换。
图6包括示例了所选YU032149类似物(每个测试中50μM抑制剂)的标准化周转量(normalized turnover)的柱状图。
图7A-7C包括示例所选化合物的MAPK活性测定的一系列柱状图。
具体实施方式
本发明部分涉及可用于治疗和/或预防纤维化的新型MKP-5抑制剂的鉴定。本发明提供了新型的MKP-5抑制剂,以及包含该抑制剂的组合物,以及其在治疗和/或预防纤维化中的应用。例如,化合物YU032149抑制MKP-5,其中IC50为约12μM。在某些实施方式中,本发明的化合物通过变构抑制模式抑制MKP-5。
定义
除非另有限定,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员的普遍理解相同的含义。尽管与本文描述的那些类似或等同的任何方法和材料都可用于本发明的实践或测试中,但对优选的方法和材料进行了描述。如本文所用,以下各术语具有本章节中与其相关的含义。
总体上,本文所用的命名法以及细胞培养、分子遗传学、药理学和有机化学中的实验室程序是公知的并且是本领域常用的。
标准技术用于生物化学和/或生物学操作。技术和程序总体上根据本领域的常规方法和各种一般性参考文献执行(例如,Sambrook and Russell,2012,MolecularCloning,A Laboratory Approach,Cold Spring Harbor Press,Cold Spring Harbor,NY,and Ausubel et al.,2002,Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,John Wiley&Sons,NY),其被贯穿本文件提供。
冠词“一个”和“一种”用于指代该冠词的一个或超过一个(即,至少一个)语法对象。举例来说,“一个要素”意为一个要素或超过一个要素。
本文在提及可测量值(如量、持续时间等)时使用的“约”意为包括距指定值±20%或±10%,更优选地±5%,甚至更优选地±1%,并且还更优选地±0.1%的变动,因为这种变动对于执行本公开的方法是适当的。
如果患者经历的疾病或障碍的至少一种标志或症状的严重程度或频率降低,则该疾病或障碍被“缓解”。
如本文所用,术语“类似物”、“类似体”或“衍生物”意为指代由母体化合物或分子通过一个或多个化学反应制成的化合物或分子。因此,类似物可以是具有与本文所述的小分子抑制剂的结构相似的结构,或者可以基于本文所述的小分子抑制剂的构架,但与之在某些组分或结构组成方面存在区别,其在代谢上可以具有相似或相反的作用。
如本文所用,术语“结合”指代分子彼此附着,如但不限于酶与底物、抗体与抗原、DNA链与其互补链。发生结合是因为分子表面的部分的形状和化学性质是互补的。常见的比喻是“锁和钥匙”,用于描述酶如何适配其底物周围。
如本文所用,本文所用的术语“保守变化”或“保守取代”指代氨基酸残基被另一个生物学上相似的残基替代。保守变化或取代不可能改变肽链的形状。保守变化或取代的实例包括将一个疏水残基(如异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸或甲硫氨酸)替换为另一个疏水残基,或将一个极性残基取代为另一个极性残基,如将精氨酸取代为赖氨酸、将谷氨酸取代为天冬氨酸、或将谷氨酰胺取代为天冬酰胺。另外的实例包括如Gly/Ala;Val/Ile/Leu;Asp/Glu;Asn/Gln;Ser/Thr;Lys/Arg;和Phe/Tyr的组内的交换。
“疾病”是动物的如下健康状态:其中动物不能维持体内稳态,并且其中如果疾病没有得到改善,则动物的健康持续恶化。
相比之下,动物的“障碍”是这样的健康状态:其中动物能够维持体内稳态,但是其中动物的健康状态与其没有该障碍时所处的状态相比较不利。留置不治疗时,障碍不一定导致动物健康状态的进一步下降。
化合物的“有效量”或“治疗有效量”是足以向被给予化合物的对象提供有益效果的化合物量。递送媒介的“有效量”是足以有效结合或递送化合物的量。
如本文所用,短语“抑制”意为以可测量的量减少分子、反应、相互作用、基因、mRNA和/或蛋白质的表达、稳定性、功能或活性,或完全地阻止。抑制剂是例如结合、部分或完全阻断刺激、减少、防止、延迟激活、灭活、脱敏或下调蛋白质、基因和mRNA稳定性、表达、功能和活性的化合物,例如拮抗剂。
如本文所用,术语“MKP-5”或“MKP5”或“DUSP10”指代被称为双特异性蛋白磷酸酶10或促分裂原活化蛋白激酶磷酸酶5的蛋白质(参见,例如,Tao&Tong,2007,ProteinSci.16(5):880-886,其整体通过引用并入本文)。此蛋白磷酸酶涉及MAP激酶的灭活,并且对MAPK11-MAPK12-MAPK13-MAPK14亚家族具有特异性。在某些实施方式中,MKP-5使p38去磷酸化。人MKP-5相应于氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:4的多肽。在某些实施方式中,人MKP-5的MAP激酶结合结构域相应于SEQ ID NO:4的残基139-287,并且人MKP-5的催化结构域相应于SEQID NO:4的残基305-482。
SEQ ID NO:4在此被提供:
如本文所用,短语“MKP-5抑制剂”或“MKP-5的抑制剂”指代利用本领域技术人员已知的任何方法,直接或间接地,与缺乏该抑制剂的对照系统相比至少部分地抑制MKP-5活性、MKP-5表达和/或两者的组合物或化合物。MKP-5抑制剂可以是任何类型的化合物,包括但不限于核酸、肽、抗体、小分子、拮抗剂、适体或拟肽。
如本文所用,“MKP-5调节的疾病”或“MKP-5调节的障碍”指代与器官或组织中的过量胞外基质蛋白的病理性累积相关的疾病。这种疾病的非限制性实例包括但不限于囊性纤维化或特发性肺纤维化。
“天然存在的”在用于物体时指代该物体可以在自然界中被找到的事实。例如,生物体(包括病毒)中存在的可以从自然界来源分离并且尚未被人故意修饰的多肽或多核苷酸序列是天然存在的序列。
术语“患者”、“对象”、“个体”等在本文中被可互换地使用,并且指代适于本文所述方法的任何动物或其细胞(无论体外还是原位)。在某些非限制性实施方式中,患者、对象或个体是人。
如本文所用,术语“药学上可接受的载体”意为在患者体内或向患者携带或运输本发明中有用的化合物使得其可以执行其预期功能所涉及的药学上可接受的材料、组合物或载体,如液体或固体填充剂、稳定剂、分散剂、悬浮剂、稀释剂、赋形剂、增稠剂、溶剂或封装材料。通常,这种构建体从身体的一个器官或部分被携带或运输至身体的另一器官或部分。各载体必须是在与制剂的其它成分(包括本发明中有用的化合物)相容并且对患者无害的意义上是“可接受的”。可以用作药学上可接受的载体的材料的一些实例包括:糖,如乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖;淀粉,如玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉;纤维素及其衍生物,如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素和乙酸纤维素;粉末状西黄蓍胶(powdered tragacanth);麦芽;明胶;滑石;赋形剂,如可可脂和栓剂蜡;油,如花生油、棉籽油、红花油、芝麻油、橄榄油、玉米油和大豆油;二醇,如丙二醇;多元醇,如甘油、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇和聚乙二醇;酯,如油酸乙酯和月桂酸乙酯;琼脂;缓冲剂,如氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝;表面活性剂;海藻酸;无热原水;等渗盐水;林格氏溶液;乙醇;磷酸盐缓冲溶液;和药物制剂中采用的其它无毒相容性物质。如本文所用,“药学上可接受的载体”还包括与本发明中有用的化合物的活性相容并且对患者是生理上可接受的任何和全部包衣、抗细菌和抗真菌试剂、和吸收延迟剂等。补充活性化合物也可以被并入到组合物中。“药学上可接受的载体”可以进一步包括在本发明中有用的化合物的药学上可接受的盐。在本发明的实践中使用的药物组合物中可以包括的其它另外的成分是本领域已知的,并且被描述于例如Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences(Genaro,Ed.,Mack Publishing Co.,1985,Easton,PA),其通过引用并入本文。
如本文所用,表述“药学上可接受的盐”或“治疗上可接受的盐”指代由药学上可接受的无毒酸(包括无机酸或碱、有机酸或碱、其溶剂化物、水合物或包合物)制备的被给予化合物的盐。
术语“药学有效量”和“有效量”指代无毒但足以提供期望的生物学效果的试剂量。此效果可以是疾病或障碍的标志、症状或病因的减轻和/或缓解,或生物系统的任何其它期望的改变。在任何个体病例中适当的有效量可由本领域普通技术人员利用常规实验确定。
如本文所用,术语“多肽”、“蛋白质”和“肽”被可互换地使用并且指代由经由肽键连接的氨基酸残基、相关的天然存在的结构变体和其合成型非天然存在的类似物构成的聚合物。合成的多肽可以例如利用自动化多肽合成机合成。
如本文所用,术语“特异性结合”是指分子(如抗体)识别并结合另一分子或特征,但基本上不识别或结合样品中的其它分子或特征。
“治疗性”处理是向呈现病理标志的对象给予以减轻或消除那些标志的处理。
如本文所用,术语“治疗有效量”是本发明的化合物在被给予患者时减轻疾病或障碍的症状的量。构成“治疗有效量”的本发明的化合物的量将根据化合物、疾病状态及其严重程度、待治疗患者的年龄等而变化。治疗有效量可以由本领域普通技术人员根据其自身知识和本公开内容而常规确定。
如本文所用,“治疗疾病或障碍”意为降低患者经历疾病或障碍的症状的频率。疾病和障碍在本文中被可互换地使用。
如本文所用,术语“治疗”或“处理”涵盖预防和/或治疗。因此,本发明的组合物和方法不限于治疗应用,并且可以用于预防应用。因此,对状态、障碍或状况的“治疗”或“处理”包括:(i)预防或延迟在可能患有或易患该状态、障碍、状况但尚未经历或表现该状态、障碍或状况的临床或亚临床症状的对象中发展的该状态、障碍或状况的临床症状的出现,(ii)抑制该状态、障碍或状况,即阻止或减少疾病或其至少一种临床或亚临床症状的发展,或(iii)缓解疾病,即导致该状态、障碍或状况或其临床或亚临床症状中的至少一种的消退。
如本文所用,术语“野生型”指代是具有天然存在的物种的大多数成员的特征并且与突变体的基因型和表型形成对比的基因型和表型。
如本文所用,除非另有说明,术语“烷基”自身或作为另一取代基的部分意为具有指定碳原子数(即,C1-C10意为1至10个碳原子)的直链或支链烃,并且包括直链、支链或环状取代基。实例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、新戊基、己基和环丙基甲基。某些具体实例包括(C1-C6)烷基,如但不限于乙基、甲基、异丙基、异丁基、正戊基、正己基和环丙基甲基。
如本文所用,除非另有说明,术语“环烷基”自身或作为另一取代基的部分意为具有指定碳原子数的环链烃(即,C3-C6意为包含由3至6个碳原子组成的环基的环状基团),并且包括直链、支链或环状取代基。实例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基和环辛基。某些实例包括(C3-C6)环烷基,如但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基。
如本文所用,术语“取代的烷基”或“取代的环烷基”意为被一个、两个或三个取代基取代的如上限定的烷基或环烷基,该取代基选自卤素、-OH、烷氧基、四氢-2-H-吡喃基、-NH2、-N(CH3)2、(1-甲基-咪唑-2-基)、吡啶-2-基、吡啶-3-基、吡啶-4-基、-C(=O)OH、三氟甲基、-C≡N、-C(=O)O(C1-C4)烷基、-C(=O)NH2、-C(=O)NH(C1-C4)烷基、-C(=O)N((C1-C4)烷基)2、-SO2NH2、-C(=NH)NH2和-NO2,有利地含有选自下列的一个或两个取代基:卤素、-OH、烷氧基、-NH2、三氟甲基、-N(CH3)2和-C(=O)OH,更有利地选自卤素、烷氧基和-OH。取代的烷基的实例包括但不限于2,2-二氟丙基、2-羧基环戊基和3-氯丙基。
如本文所用,除非另有说明,单独或与其它术语组合使用的术语“烷氧基”意为通过氧原子连接至分子其余部分的如上限定的具有指定碳原子数的烷基基团,如例如甲氧基、乙氧基、1-丙氧基、2-丙氧基(异丙氧基)和更高级的同系物和异构体。在某些实施方式中,烷氧基包括(C1-C3)烷氧基,如但不限于乙氧基和甲氧基。
如本文所用,除非另有说明,单独或作为另一取代基的部分的术语“卤代”或“卤素”意为氟、氯、溴或碘原子,有利地氟、氯或溴,更有利地氟或氯。
如本文所用,除非另有说明,自身或与另一术语组合的术语“杂烷基”意为由所述数量的碳原子和选自O、N和S的一个或两个杂原子组成的稳定直链或支链烷基基团,并且其中氮和硫原子可以任选地被氧化,并且氮杂原子可以任选地被季铵化。杂原子(一个或多个)可以位于杂烷基基因的任何位置,包括在杂烷基基团的其余部分与其附接的片段之间,以及附接至杂烷基基团中最远侧碳原子。实例包括:-O-CH2-CH2-CH3、-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH、-CH2-CH2-NH-CH3、-CH2-S-CH2-CH3和-CH2CH2-S(=O)-CH3。上至两个杂原子可以是连续的,如例如-CH2-NH-OCH3或-CH2-CH2-S-S-CH3。
如本文所用,术语“芳族”指代具有一个或多个多不饱和环并且具有芳族特征(即具有(4n+2)个离域的 (pi)电子,其中n是整数)的碳环或杂环。
如本文所用,除非另有说明,单独或与其它术语组合使用的术语“芳基”意为含有一个或多个环(通常一个、两个或三个环)的碳环芳族系统,其中这种环可以以悬垂方式附接在一起(如联苯),或者可以稠合,如萘。实例包括苯基、蒽基和萘基。在某些实施方式中,芳基包括苯基和萘基,具体地苯基。
如本文所用,除非另有说明,自身或作为另一取代基的部分的术语“杂环”或“杂环基”或“杂环的”意为由碳原子和选自N、O和S的至少一个杂原子组成的未取代的或取代的、稳定的、单环或多环的杂环系统,并且其中氮和硫杂原子可以任选地被氧化,并且氮原子可以任选地被季铵化。除非另有说明,杂环系统可以在提供稳定结构的任何杂原子或碳原子处附接。杂环本质上可以是芳族或非芳族的。在某些实施方式中,杂环是杂芳基。
如本文所用,术语“杂芳基”或“杂芳族”指代具有芳族特征的杂环。多环杂芳基可以包括一个或多个部分饱和的环。实例包括四氢喹啉和2,3-二氢苯并呋喃基。
非芳族杂环的实例包括单环基团,如吖丙啶、环氧乙烷、硫杂环丙烷、吖丁啶、氧杂环丁烷、硫杂环丁烷(thietane)、吡咯烷、吡咯啉、咪唑啉、吡唑烷、二氧戊环、环丁砜、2,3-二氢呋喃、2,5-二氢呋喃、四氢呋喃、四氢噻吩、哌啶、1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶、1,4-二氢吡啶、哌嗪、吗啉、硫代吗啉、吡喃、2,3-二氢吡喃、四氢吡喃、1,4-二烷、1,3-二/>烷、高哌嗪、高哌啶、1,3-二氧杂环庚烷、4,7-二氢-1,3-二氧杂环庚烯和环氧己烷。
杂芳基基团的实例包括吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基(如但不限于2-和4-嘧啶基)、哒嗪基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、咪唑基、噻唑基、唑基、吡唑基、异噻唑基、1,2,3-三唑基、1,2,4-三唑基、1,3,4-三唑基、四唑基、1,2,3-噻二唑基、1,2,3-/>二唑基、1,3,4-噻二唑基和1,3,4-/>二唑基。
多环杂环的实例包括吲哚基(如但不限于3-、4-、5-、6-和7-吲哚基)、吲哚啉基、喹啉基、四氢喹啉基、异喹啉基(如但不限于1-和5-异喹啉基)、1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉基、肉啉基、喹喔啉基(如但不限于2-和5-喹喔啉基)、喹唑啉基、酞嗪基、1,8-萘啶基、1,4-苯并二烷基、香豆素、二氢香豆素、1,5-萘啶基、苯并呋喃基(如但不限于3-、4-、5-、6-和7-苯并呋喃基)、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃基、1,2-苯并异/>唑基、苯并噻吩基(如但不限于3-、4-、5-、6-和7-苯并噻吩基)、苯并/>唑基、苯并噻唑基(如但不限于2-苯并噻唑基和5-苯并噻唑基)、嘌呤基、苯并咪唑基、苯并三唑基、噻吨基、咔唑基、咔啉基、吖啶基、吡咯烷基和喹嗪基。
杂环基和杂芳基部分的上述列出旨在是代表性的而非限制性的。
如本文所用,术语“取代的”意为一个原子或一组原子的氢被取代成附接至另一个基团的取代基。
对于芳基和杂环基基团,术语“取代的”在用于这些基团的环时指代任何水平的取代,即单取代、二取代、三取代、四取代或五取代——在允许这种取代的情况下。取代基是被独立选择的,并且取代可以处于任何化学可及的位置。在某些实施方式中,取代基的数目在1至4之间变化。在其它实施方式中,取代基的数目在1至3之间变化。在再另一实施方式中,取代基的数目在1至2之间变化。在再另一实施方式中,取代基独立地选自C1-6烷基、-OH、C1-6烷氧基、卤素、氨基、乙酰氨基和硝基。如本文所用,在取代基为烷基或烷氧基基团的情况下,碳链可以是支链的、直链的或环状的,具体地直链的。
范围:贯穿本公开,本发明的各个方面可以以范围形式来呈现。应理解,范围形式的描述仅是为了方便和简洁,而不应被解释为对本发明范围的僵硬限制。因此,范围的描述应被视为已具体地公开了所有可能的子范围以及该范围内的个体数值。例如,范围(如1至6)的描述应被视为已具体地公开了诸如1至3、1至4、1至5、2至4、2至6、3至6等的子范围,以及该范围内的个体数值,例如,1、2、2.7、3、4、5、5.3和6。这无论范围的宽度而适用。
方法
在某些实施方式中,本发明包括通过给予MKP-5抑制剂来治疗MKP-5调节的疾病。在某些实施方式中,MKP-5调节的疾病是可以通过抑制MKP-5来治疗或预防的任何疾病。在其它实施方式中,本发明包括通过向患者给予MKP-5抑制剂来治疗纤维化疾病的方法。在又一实施方式中,MKP-5调节的疾病是营养不良性肌肉疾病、心脏或血管疾病、特发性肺纤维化及其任何组合。
化合物和组合物
在一方面,本发明提供了式(1a)或(1b)的化合物:
R1选自C1-C6烷基、任选地取代的苯基和NRR;
每次出现的R独立地选自H、C1-C6烷基和任选地取代的苯基;
A选自任选地取代的苯基和任选地取代的杂芳基。
在某些实施方式中,芳基或杂芳基被选自C1-C6烷基、C1-C6硫代烷基、C(=O)OH、C(=O)OC1-C6烷基、氰基和卤素的至少一个取代基取代。
另一方面,本发明提供了式(2)的化合物:
Z选自CH2和O;
R1选自C1-C6烷基、任选地取代的苯基和NRR;
每次出现的R独立地选自H、C1-C3烷基和取代的或未取代的苯基;
R3选自H、C1-C6烷基和C1-C3硫醚;并且
R4选自H和COOR5,其中R5选自H和C1-C6烷基。
在某些实施方式中,化合物选自:
在某些实施方式中,化合物选自:3,3-二甲基-1-((9-(甲硫基)-5,6-二氢噻吩并[3,4-h]喹唑啉-2-基)硫)丁-2-酮;1-((5,6-二氢苯并[h]喹唑啉-2-基)硫)-3,3-二甲基丁-2-酮;N,N-二甲基-2-((9-(甲硫基)-5,6-二氢噻吩并[3,4-h]喹唑啉-2-基)硫)乙酰胺;N-乙基-N-甲基-2-((9-(甲硫基)-5,6-二氢噻吩并[3,4-h]喹唑啉-2-基)硫)乙酰胺;1-((9-氟-5,6-二氢苯并[h]喹唑啉-2-基)硫)-3,3-二甲基丁-2-酮;1-((6H-异色原烯并[4,3-d]嘧啶-2-基)硫)-3,3-二甲基丁-2-酮;1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-((4-(3,4-二甲基噻吩并[2,3-b]噻吩-2-基)嘧啶-2-基)硫)乙-1-酮;1-((5,6-二氢噻吩并[2,3-h]喹唑啉-2-基)硫)-3,3-二甲基丁-2-酮;3,3-二甲基-1-(嘧啶并[5,4-c]喹啉-2-基硫)丁-2-酮;和1-((6-乙酰基-5,6-二氢嘧啶并[5,4-c]喹啉-2-基)硫)-3,3-二甲基丁-2-酮;和3,3-二甲基-1-((9-丙基-5,6-二氢噻吩并[3,4-h]喹唑啉-2-基)硫)丁-2-酮。
在某些实施方式中,化合物为HJ845(4)。在某些实施方式中,化合物为/>HJ862(6)。在某些实施方式中,化合物为/>HJ858(8)。在某些实施方式中,化合物为/>HJ830(9)。在某些实施方式中,化合物为HJ846(10)。在某些实施方式中,化合物为/>YU252252。在某些实施方式中,化合物为/>YU241658。在某些实施方式中,化合物为/>YU241659。在某些实施方式中,化合物为/>
联合疗法
在某些实施方式中,本发明的化合物与至少一种可用于治疗或预防对其有需要的哺乳动物的MKP-5调节的疾病的另外的试剂联合可用于本发明的方法中。此另外的试剂可以包括本文中鉴定的化合物或已知治疗、预防或减轻对象的MKP-5调节的疾病的症状的化合物,例如可商业获得的化合物。
在某些实施方式中,可用于治疗或预防MKP-5调节的疾病的至少一种另外的化合物包括乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂,如但不限于尼达尼布(ninetedanib)((3Z)-3-{[(4-{甲基[(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)乙酰基]氨基}苯基)氨基](苯基)亚甲基}-2-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-吲哚-6-羧酸甲酯)或吡非尼酮(5-甲基-1-苯基吡啶-2-酮)。
可以例如使用合适的方法(如例如Sigmoid-Emax方程式(Holford&Scheiner,1981,Clin.Pharmacokinet.6:429-453)、Loewe加和性方程式(Loewe&Muischnek,1926,Arch.Exp.Pathol Pharmacol.114:313-326)和中值效应方程式(Chou&Talalay,1984,Adv.Enzyme Regul.22:27-55)来计算协同效果。以上提及的各方程式可以应用于实验数据以生成相应的图,以帮助评估药物组合的效果。以上提及的方程式相关的相应图分别是浓度-效果曲线、等效线图曲线和组合指数曲线。
筛选化合物作为MKP-5抑制剂的方法
一方面,本发明提供了鉴定抑制MKP-5的化合物的方法。在某些实施方式中,方法包括使假定的抑制剂化合物与(i)包含序列pThr-Gly-pTyr的底物肽和(ii)包含MKP-5的催化结构域(如但不限于SEQ ID NO:4的残基305-482)或其活性片段和/或由MKP-5的催化结构域(如但不限于SEQ ID NO:4的残基305-482)或其活性片段组成的催化多肽接触,从而形成组合物。在其它实施方式中,方法包括测量组合物中的MKP-5活性。在其它实施方式中,方法包括将组合物中的MKP-5活性与对照进行比较;从而将假定的抑制剂化合物鉴定为抑制MKP-5的化合物。
在某些实施方式中,催化多肽与人MKP-5的相应于MKP-5催化结构域的氨基酸序列具有至少约60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、86%、87%、88%、89%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%、99%和/或100%的同源性。在这种同源性内考虑保守取代。
在某些实施方式中,催化多肽与人MKP-5的相应于MKP-5催化结构域的氨基酸序列具有至少约60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、86%、87%、88%、89%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%、99%和/或100%的序列同一性。
在某些实施方式中,方法作为高通量筛选实践,通过该方法,使多种化合物(假定的抑制剂)与包含pThr-Gly-pTyr的肽和包含MKP-5的催化结构域或其活性片段和/或由MKP-5的催化结构域或其活性片段组成的多肽接触,并且通过将其各自的活性与对照进行比较而从多种化合物中鉴定抑制剂。
不希望受理论限制,测定中包括包含p38αMAPK的pThr180-Gly-pTyr182基序(其存在于p38αMAPK的激活环路上,并且代表主要的MKP-5底物)的肽发掘了选择性更高并且因此是有用性更高的抑制剂化合物。在各种实施方式中,所述肽包含SEQ ID NO:3(Asp-Asp-Glu-Nle-pThr-Gly-pTyr-Val-Ala-Thr-Arg),其中Nle是正亮氨酸。
本领域技术人员将知道,可以通过将底物与包含MKP-5或其任何催化活性片段和/或由MKP-5或其任何催化活性片段组成的多肽(即包含MKP-5催化结构域或其活性片段和/或由MKP-5催化结构域或其活性片段组成的多肽)组合,来测量活性。本领域技术人员将理解,多种测量MKP-5活性和对照的方法是可以的,并且因类似于活性测定而被熟知。作为非限制性实例,对照可以是预定的参考,或者可以是在没有MKP-5抑制剂和/或没有包含pThr-Gly-pTyr的肽的情况下进行的反应。
在非限制性实例中,测定包括使包含序列pThr-Gly-pTyr的肽、包含MKP-5的催化结构域(如但不限于SEQ ID NO:4的残基305-482)或其活性片段和/或由MKP-5的催化结构域(如但不限于SEQ ID NO:4的残基305-482)或其活性片段组成的多肽和测试化合物接触。如果测试化合物是MKP-5抑制剂,其将抑制包含序列pThr-Gly-pTyr的肽的去磷酸化。如果测试化合物不是MKP-5抑制剂,其将不抑制包含序列pThr-Gly-pTyr的肽的去磷酸化。可以使用本领域已知的任何方法(如但不限于磷酸孔雀石绿测定法(Malachite GreenPhosphate Assay))定性和/或定量地评估该肽的去磷酸化。此测定法提供了用于测量水溶液中的无机游离磷酸根的快速、可重现的比色法。该测定方法基于在620-640nm下吸收(光)的钼酸孔雀石绿和游离正磷酸根之间的复合物的形成。此测定法是检测和定量最少量的无机游离磷酸根的可靠和合适的手段,并且适于高通量筛选应用。
试剂盒
本发明包括试剂盒,其包含至少一种MKP-5抑制剂、任选地施用器、以及其使用说明材料。
试剂盒中包括的说明材料包括用于预防或治疗哺乳动物中的MKP-5调节的疾病的说明。说明材料记载了应向哺乳动物给予的MKP-5抑制剂的量和频率。在某些实施方式中,试剂盒进一步包括预防或治疗哺乳动物中的MKP-5调节的疾病的至少一种另外的试剂。在其它实施方式中,试剂盒进一步包括改善和/预防哺乳动物的认知进一步丧失的至少一种另外的试剂。
给予/剂量/制剂
给予方案可能影响有效量的构成。治疗制剂可以在本发明所考虑的疾病或障碍发作之前或之后被给予对象。进一步,可以每天或顺序地给予若干分开的剂量以及交错的剂量,或者剂量可以被连续输注,或可以是推注(bolus injection)。进一步,治疗制剂的剂量可以按照治疗或预防情况的紧急性所示而被成比例地增加或减少。
本发明的组合物对患者(优选哺乳动物,更优选人)的给予可以利用已知的程序,以有效治疗本发明所考虑的疾病或障碍的剂量和时间段进行。实现治疗效果所需的治疗性化合物的有效量可以根据诸如下列的因素而变化:患者的疾病或障碍的状态;患者的年龄、性别和体重;以及治疗性化合物治疗本发明所考虑的疾病或障碍的能力。可以调整剂量方案以提供最佳的治疗响应。例如,如若干分开的剂量可以被每天给予,或剂量可以按照治疗情况的紧急性所示而被成比例减少。本发明的治疗性化合物的有效剂量范围的非限制性实例为约1至5,000mg/kg体重/天。可用于实践本发明的药物组合物可以被给予以递送ng/kg/天至100mg/kg/天的剂量。在某些实施方式中,本发明设想给予的剂量导致哺乳动物中本发明的化合物的浓度为1μM至10μM。本领域普通技术人员将能够研究相关因素并在不经过度实验的情况下关于治疗性化合物的有效剂量进行确定。
本发明的药物组合物中活性成分的实际剂量水平可以改变,以获得有效针对具体患者、组合物和给予模式实现期望的治疗响应而对患者无毒的活性成分量。
具体地,所选择的剂量水平取决于多种因素,包括所用具体化合物的活性、给予时间、化合物的排泄速率、治疗的持续时间、与该化合物组合使用的其它药物、化合物或材料、被治疗患者的年龄、性别、体重、情况、一般健康状况和既往病史,以及医学领域中已知的类似因素。
掌握本领域普通技术的医生(例如医师或兽医)可以容易地确定和开处所需的药物组合物的有效量。例如,医师或兽医可以使药物组合物中采用的本发明化合物的剂量以低于实现期望的治疗效果所需的水平开始,并逐渐增加剂量直至达到期望的效果。
在具体的实施方式中,以单位剂型配制化合物对于给予方便和剂量均匀是特别有利的。如本文所用的单位剂型指代对于待治疗患者适合作为单位剂量的物理上离散的单位;各单位含有经计算结合所需药物媒介产生期望的治疗效果的预定量的治疗性化合物。本发明的单位剂型由下列决定并直接取决于下列:(a)治疗性化合物的独特特征和所要实现的具体治疗效果,以及(b)本领域中配混/配制用于治疗本发明所考虑的疾病或障碍的这种治疗性化合物的固有限制。
在某些实施方式中,使用一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂或载体配制本发明的组合物。在其它实施方式中,本发明的药物组合物包含治疗有效量的本发明的化合物和药学上可接受的载体。
载体可以是溶剂或分散介质,包含例如水、乙醇、多元醇(例如,甘油、丙二醇和液体聚乙二醇等)、其适当混合物、和植物油。可以例如通过使用包衣(如卵磷脂)、在分散液的情况下通过维持所需的粒度以及通过使用表面活性剂,来维持适当的流动性。可以通过各种抗细菌和抗真菌剂(例如,对羟基苯甲酸酯、氯丁醇、苯酚、抗坏血酸、硫柳汞等)来实现微生物作用的预防。在多种情况下,优选在组合物中包括等渗剂,例如糖、氯化钠或多元醇,如甘露醇和山梨糖醇。可以通过在组合物中包括延迟吸收剂(例如单硬脂酸铝或明胶)来实现可注射组合物的吸收延长。
在某些实施方式中,本发明的组合物以每天1-5次或更多次的剂量范围被给予患者。在其它实施方式中,本发明的组合物以包括但不限于每天一次、每两天一次、每三天一次至每周一次和每两周一次的剂量范围被给予患者。对于本领域技术人员显而易见,本发明的各种组合型组合物的给予频率因个体而异——根据各种因素,包括但不限于年龄、待治疗的疾病或障碍、性别、整体健康状况和其它因素。因此,本发明不应被解释为限于任何具体的剂量方案,并且要给予任何患者的精确剂量和组合物由主治医生考虑关于患者的所有其它因素来确定。
用于给予的本发明的化合物可以在下列范围内:约1μg至约10,000mg、约20μg至约9,500mg、约40μg至约9,000mg、约75μg至约8,500mg、约150μg至约7,500mg、约200μg至约7,000mg、约3050μg至约6,000mg、约500μg至约5,000mg、约750μg至约4,000mg、约1mg至约3,000mg、约10mg至约2,500mg、约20mg至约2,000mg、约25mg至约1,500mg、约30mg至约1,000mg、约40mg至约900mg、约50mg至约800mg、约60mg至约750mg、约70mg至约600mg、约80mg至约500mg,以及其间的任何和所有全部或部分增量。
在一些实施方式中,本发明的化合物的剂量为约1mg至约2,500mg。在一些实施方式中,用于本文所述的组合物的本发明化合物的剂量小于约10,000mg、或小于约8,000mg、或小于约6,000mg、或小于约5,000mg、或小于约3,000mg、或小于约2,000mg、或小于约1,000mg、或小于约500mg、或小于约200mg、或小于约50mg。类似地,在一些实施方式中,本文所述的第二化合物的剂量小于约1,000mg、或小于约800mg、或小于约600mg、或小于约500mg、或小于约400mg、或小于约300mg、或小于约200mg、或小于约100mg、或小于约50mg、或小于约40mg、或小于约30mg、或小于约25mg、或小于约20mg、或小于约15mg、或小于约10mg、或小于约5mg、或小于约2mg、或小于约1mg、或小于约0.5mg,以及其间的任何和所有全部或部分增量。
在某些实施方式中,本发明涉及包装后的药物组合物,其包括装有治疗有效量的单独或与第二药物剂组合的本发明化合物的容器;以及使用该化合物治疗、预防或减轻本发明所考虑的疾病或障碍的一种或多种症状的说明。
制剂可以与常规赋形剂(即适于口服、肠胃外、鼻部、静脉内、皮下、肠内或本领域已知的任何其它合适给予方式的药学上可接受的有机或无机载体物质)混合使用。药物制剂可以被灭菌,并且如需,与辅助剂(例如,润滑剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、湿润剂、乳化剂、影响渗透压的盐、缓冲剂、着色剂、调味剂和/或芳香族物质等)混合。在需要时,其也可以与其它活性剂(例如,抗纤维化剂)组合。
本发明的任何组合物的给予途径包括口服、鼻部、直肠、阴道内、肠胃外、颊部、舌下或局部式给予。可以将本发明中使用的化合物配制用于通过任何适当途径给予,如用于口服或肠胃外,例如经皮、经粘膜(例如,舌下、舌、(经)颊部、(经)尿道、阴道(例如,经阴道(tranvaginally)和阴道周(perivaginally))、鼻(内)和(经)直肠)、膀胱内、肺内、十二指肠内、胃内、鞘内、皮下、肌内、皮内、动脉内、静脉内、支气管内、吸入和局部给予。
合适的组合物和剂型包括,例如,片剂、胶囊、囊片(caplets)、丸剂、凝胶胶囊、糖锭、分散液、悬浮液、溶液、糖浆、颗粒、珠球、经皮贴剂、凝胶剂、粉末、团粒、乳浆剂(magma)、锭剂、乳膏、糊剂、膏药(plasters)、洗剂、盘片(discs)、栓剂、用于鼻部或口服给予的液体喷雾剂、用于吸入的干粉或气溶胶化制剂、用于膀胱内给予的组合物和制剂等。应理解,可用于本发明的制剂和组合物不限于本文描述的具体制剂和组合物。
口服给予
对于口服应用,特别合适的是片剂、糖衣丸、液体、滴剂、栓剂或胶囊、囊片和凝胶胶囊。预期用于口服应用的组合物可以根据本领域已知的任何方法来制备,并且这种组合物可以含有选自适于片剂制备的惰性无毒的药物赋形剂的一种或多种试剂。这种赋形剂包括例如惰性稀释剂,如乳糖;造粒剂和崩解剂,如玉米淀粉;粘合剂,如淀粉;和润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁。片剂可以是未包衣的,或者为美观或延缓活性成分释放,可以通过已知技术被包衣。口服应用的制剂也可以呈现为硬明胶胶囊,其中活性成分与惰性稀释剂混合。
在某些实施方式中,本发明的片剂包含二富马酸塞卡替尼(saracatinibdifumarate)、甘露醇、无水磷酸氢钙、交聚维酮、羟丙甲纤维素和硬脂酸镁,其中膜包衣含有羟丙甲纤维素、聚乙二醇400、红色氧化铁、黑色氧化铁和二氧化钛。在其它实施方式中,本发明的片剂包含约50或125mg的表现为游离碱的塞卡替尼。在又一实施方式中,本发明的片剂包含约71.4或178.6mg的表现为富马酸盐的塞卡替尼。
对于口服给予,本发明的化合物可以是通过常规手段与诸如下列的药学上可接受的赋形剂一起制备的片剂或胶囊的形式:如粘合剂(例如,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟丙基纤维素或羟丙基甲基纤维素);填充剂(例如,玉米淀粉、乳糖、微晶纤维素或磷酸钙);润滑剂(例如,硬脂酸镁、滑石或二氧化硅);崩解剂(例如,淀粉乙醇酸钠);或润湿剂(例如,月桂基硫酸钠)。如需,片剂可以使用合适的方法和包衣材料进行包衣,如OPADRYTM的膜包衣系统,可获自Colorcon,West Point,Pa.(例如,OPADRYTMOY型、OYC型、有机肠溶OY-P型、水性肠溶OY-A型、OY-PM型和OPADRYTMWhite,32K18400)。用于口服给予的液体制剂可以是溶液、糖浆或悬浮液的形式。液体制剂可以通过常规手段与诸如下列的药学上可接受的添加剂一起制备:如悬浮剂(例如,山梨糖醇糖浆、甲基纤维素或氢化食用脂肪);乳化剂(例如,卵磷脂或阿拉伯胶);非水性媒介(例如,杏仁油、油性酯或乙醇);和防腐剂(例如,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯或山梨酸。
造粒技术在药物领域公知用于改变活性成分的起始粉末或其它颗粒材料。通常将粉末与粘合剂材料混合成较大的永久性自由流动的凝结物或颗粒,称为“造粒”。例如,使用溶剂的“湿”造粒方法总体上特征在于:粉末与粘合剂材料混合,并在导致湿颗粒化物料形成的条件下用水或有机溶剂润湿,然后必须使溶剂从该湿颗粒化物料蒸发。
熔融造粒总体上在于使用在室温下为固体或半固体的材料(即具有相对低的软化或熔点范围),以促进粉末状材料或其它材料基本上没有添加水或其它液体溶剂的情况下造粒。当加热至熔点范围内的温度时,低熔固体液化以充当粘合剂或造粒介质。液化的固体自身在其所接触的粉末状材料的表面上扩散,并在冷却时形成固体造粒化物料——其中初始材料被粘合在一起。所得的熔体造粒然后可以被提供给压片机或被封装以制备口服剂型。熔融造粒通过形成固体分散体或固体溶液来提高活性物质(即药物)的溶解速率和生物利用度。
美国专利号5,169,645公开了具有改善的流动性质的可直接压缩的含蜡颗粒。当蜡在熔体中与某些流动改善添加剂混合,然后将混合物冷却并造粒时,获得颗粒。在某些实施方式中,在蜡(一种或多种)和添加剂(一种或多种)的熔体组合中仅蜡自身熔融,并且在其它情况下,蜡(一种或多种)和添加剂(一种或多种)均熔融。
本发明还包括多层片剂,其包含提供一种或多种本发明化合物的延迟释放的层,和进一步的提供用于治疗本发明中考虑的疾病或障碍的药物的立即释放的层。使用蜡/pH敏感性聚合物混合物,可以获得胃不溶性组合物,其中包埋活性成分,确保其延迟释放。
肠胃外给予
如本文所用,药物组合物的“肠胃外给予”包括特征在于物理突破对象的组织并且通过组织的所述突破而给予药物组合物的任何给予途径。肠胃外给予因此包括但不限于通过注射组合物、通过手术切口施用组合物、通过穿透组织的非手术伤口施用组合物等而进行的药物组合物给予。具体地,考虑肠胃外给予包括但不限于皮下、静脉内、腹膜内、肌内、胸骨内注射(intrasternal injection)和肾透析输注技术。
适于肠胃外给予的药物组合物的制剂包含与药学上可接受的载体(如无菌水和无菌等渗盐水)组合的活性成分。这种制剂可以以适于推注给予或连续给予的形式制备、包装或出售。可注射制剂可以以单位剂型(如在安瓿或含有防腐剂的多剂量容器中)制备、包装或出售。用于肠胃外给予的制剂包括但不限于悬浮液、溶液、在油性或水性媒介中的乳液、糊剂和可植入的持续释放或生物降解性制剂。这种制剂可以进一步包含一种或多种另外的成分,包括但不限于悬浮剂、稳定剂和分散剂。在用于肠胃外给予的制剂的某些实施方式中,以干燥(即粉末或颗粒)形式提供活性成分,以用合适的媒介(例如无菌无热原水)进行重构后肠胃外给予重构的组合物。
药物组合物可以以无菌可注射的水性或油性悬浮液或溶液的形式制备、包装或出售。此悬浮液或溶液可以根据已知技术进行配制,并且除活性成分外还可以包含另外的成分,如本文所述的分散剂、润湿剂或悬浮剂。这种无菌可注射的制剂可以用无毒的肠胃外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂(如例如水或1,3-丁二醇)来制备。其它可接受的稀释剂和溶剂包括但不限于林格氏溶液、等渗氯化钠溶液和固定油(fixed oils),如合成的甘油单酯或甘油二酯。其它有用的可肠胃外给予的制剂包括包含处于微晶形式、处于脂质体制剂中或作为可生物降解聚合物系统的组分的活性成分的那些制剂。用于持续释放或植入的组合物可以包含药学上可接受的聚合物或疏水材料,如乳液、离子交换树脂、微溶聚合物或微溶盐。
另外的给予形式
本发明的其他剂型包括美国专利号6,340,475;6,488,962;6,451,808;5,972,389;5,582,837和5,007,790中描述的剂型。本发明的其他剂型还包括美国专利申请号20030147952;20030104062;20030104053;20030044466;20030039688和20020051820中描述的剂型。本发明的其他剂型还包括PCT申请号WO 03/35041;WO 03/35040;WO 03/35029;WO 03/35177;WO 03/35039;WO 02/96404;WO 02/32416;WO 01/97783;WO 01/56544;WO01/32217;WO 98/55107;WO 98/11879;WO 97/47285;WO 93/18755和WO 90/11757中描述的剂型。
受控释放制剂和药物递送系统
在某些实施方式中,本发明的制剂可以是但不限于短期、快速抵消(rapid-offset)以及受控制剂,例如持续释放、延迟释放和脉动释放制剂。术语持续释放以其常规意义用于指代这样的药物制剂:实现药物经长时间段逐渐释放,并且可以——尽管并非一定——导致药物的血液水平经长时间段基本上稳定。该时间段可以长达一个月以上,并且应该是长于以推注形式给予的等量药剂的释放。
对于持续释放,可以将化合物与向化合物提供持续释放性质的合适的聚合物或疏水材料一起配制。因此,用于本发明方法的化合物可以以微粒形式例如通过注射)或以薄片(wafers)或盘片通过植入来给予。
在某些实施方式中,使用持续释放制剂,将本发明的化合物单独或与另一种药物剂组合给予患者。术语延迟释放在本文中以其常规含义用以指代这样的药物制剂:实现在药物给予后的一定延迟后的药物初始释放,并且可以——尽管并非一定——包括约10分钟上至约12小时的延迟。
术语脉动释放在本文中以其常规含义用以指代实现在药物给予后产生药物脉冲式血浆概况(profile)的方式的药物释放的药物制剂。
术语立即释放以其常规含义用以指代实现在药物给予后立即释放药物的药物制剂。
如本文所用,短期指代如下任何时间段:在药物给予后上至并包括约8小时、约7小时、约6小时、约5小时、约4小时、约3小时、约2小时、约1小时、约40分钟、约20分钟或约10分钟,以及其任何或所有全部或部分增量。
如本文所用,快速抵消指代如下任何时间段:在药物给予后上至并包括约8小时、约7小时、约6小时、约5小时、约4小时、约3小时、约2小时、约1小时、约40分钟、约20分钟或约10分钟,以及其任何和所有全部或部分增量。
用药
本发明的化合物的治疗有效量或剂量取决于患者的年龄、性别和体重、患者当前的医疗状况以及本发明中考虑的疾病或障碍的进展。技术人员能够根据这些和其它因素确定适当的剂量。本发明的化合物的合适剂量可以在如下范围内:每天约0.01mg至约5,000mg,如约0.1mg至约1,000mg,例如约1mg至约500mg,如每天约5mg至约250mg。该剂量可以以单剂或多剂给予,例如每天1至4次或更多次。当使用多剂时,每剂的量可以相同或不同。例如,每天1mg剂量可以以两个0.5mg剂量给予,剂量之间的间隔为约12小时。
应理解,在非限制性实例中,每天施用的化合物量可以被每天、每隔一天、每2天、每3天、每4天或每5天给予。例如,在每隔一天给予的情况下,可以在星期一开始5mg/天的剂量,并且在星期三给予5mg/天的第一个后续剂量,在星期五给予5mg/天的第二个后续剂量,以此类推。
在患者状态确实改善了的情况下,根据医生的判断,任选地连续给予本发明的抑制剂;可选地,所给予的药物的剂量暂时减少或暂时中止一定时长(即,“休药期”)。休药期(drug holiday)的长度任选地在2天和1年之间变化,包括,仅作为实例,2天、3天、4天、5天、6天、7天、10天、12天、15天、20天、28天、35天、50天、70天、100天、120天、150天、180天、200天、250天、280天、300天、320天、350天或365天。休药期期间的剂量减少包括10%-100%,包括,仅作为实例,10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%或100%。
在患者的状况发生改善后,必要时给予维持剂量。随后,根据疾病或障碍,将给予剂量或频率或两者降低至保持疾病改善的水平。在某些实施方式中,在症状和/或感染有任何复发后,患者需要长期间歇治疗。
用于本发明方法的化合物可以以单位剂型配制。术语“单位剂型”指代对于接受治疗的患者适合作为单位剂量的物理上离散的单位,其中每个单位含有经计算以产生期望的治疗效果的预定量的活性材料(任选地与合适的药物载体结合)。单位剂型可以是单一日剂量,或多个日剂量中的一个(例如,约每天1至4次或更多次)。当使用多个日剂量时,各剂量的单位剂型可以相同或不同。
这种治疗方案的毒性和治疗效力任选地在细胞培养物或实验动物中被确定,包括但不限于确定LD50(群体50%致死剂量)和ED50(群体50%中治疗有效的剂量)。毒性与治疗效果之间的剂量比是治疗指数,其表示为LD50与ED50之间的比。从细胞培养测定和动物研究获得的数据任选地用于配制用于人的剂量范围。这种化合物的剂量优选在包括具有最小毒性的ED50的循环浓度的范围内。剂量任选地在此范围内依据所用剂型和所用给予途径而变化。
本领域技术人员将知道或能够利用不超过常规的实验确定本文所述的具体程序、实施方式、权利要求和实施例的多种等同形式。这种等同形式被视为在本发明的范围内,并被所附权利要求覆盖。例如,应理解,反应条件(包括但不限于反应时间、反应尺寸/体积和实验试剂,如溶剂、催化剂、压力、大气条件和还原剂/氧化剂)通过公知的替代形式和利用不超过常规的实验进行的变动是在本申请的范围内的。
应理解,无论在本文何处提供数值和范围,这些数值和范围所包括的所有数值和范围都意为被包括在本发明的范围内。此外,本申请还考虑所有落入这些范围内的数值以及数值范围的上限或下限。
以下实施例进一步示例了本发明的方方面面。但是,其不以任何方式成为对本文提出的本发明的教导或公开内容的限制。
实验实施例
通过参考以下实验实施例进一步详细描述本发明。提供这些实施例仅以示例为目的,并且除非另有说明,不意图是限制性的。因此,本发明不应以任何方式被解释为限于以下实施例,而是应解释为涵盖因本文提供的教导而显而易见的任何和所有变型。
实施例1:MKP-5抑制剂的测定
筛选来自Microsource GenPlus、Microsource天然产物、NIH临床采集、ChemBridge DIVERSet、ChemBridge MicroFormats、Maybridge Diversity和ChemBridge胺和醇组成的试点采集的化合物。测定条件为1.5μM MKP-5和25μM双磷酸化肽DDE(Nle)(pT)G(pY)VATR(10μL总体积),在37℃下培育30分钟,然后添加40μL孔雀石绿试剂。Z值为~0.7-0.8。通过将30mL的0.045%孔雀石绿(Sigma#M-9636)与20mL的4.2%钼酸铵在4M HCl中混合,振摇至少30mins并添加0.01%Tween 20,来制备孔雀石绿试剂。四种最有效化合物(结构如下)的剂量响应如图2和表1所示。
在12.5μM化合物浓度下,获得来自MKP-5的以下%抑制数据:YU252252,37%;YU241658,15%;YU241659,12%。
表1.
fluor_TpY FlTC-Aha-Asp-Glu-Leu-Thr-Gly-pTyr-Val-Ala-Thr-Arg-(CONH2)
fluor pT_Y FITC-Aha-Asp-Glu-Leu-pThr-Gly-Tyr-Val-Ala-Thr-Arg-(CONH2)
pTpY Asp-Asp-Glu-Nle-pThr-Gly-pTyr-Val-Ala-Thr-Arg-(COOH)
fluor_TpY SEQ ID NO:1
fluor pT_Y SEQ ID NO:2
pTpY SEQ ID NO:3
实施例2:人MKP-5的晶体结构
利用悬滴蒸气扩散法(hanging drop vapor diffusion method),以12 mg/mL蛋白质浓度和5 mM抑制剂(YU032149,式3),于4℃下培育,实现结晶。孔溶液含有200 mM乙酸铵、100 mM HEPES(pH 7.5)、25%w/v PEG 3350。晶体在4-7天内生长。将母液与另外的3%w/v PEG 3350一起用做冷冻保护剂。图3显示了该结构的带状图。表2显示了数据统计。
表2
不希望受理论限制,YU032149基于晶体结构而呈现抑制MKP-5——通过结合至引起蛋白质构象变化的变构位点,其最终使催化位点的体积减少~30%。图4显示了变构位点中的残基与YU032149之间的接触。图5显示了活性位点残基的置换。
表3:MKP-5的其它抑制剂
评价YU032149的商业可得的衍生物对MKP-5的活性。结果显示于图6中。基于共晶体结构,从YU032149母核衍生出一系列的化合物,在本文中称为HJ系列。结构如上所示。图7显示了HJ系列的活性数据。
实施例4:HJ系列的合成
本文提供了适于本发明中考虑的某些化合物的示例性方案:
本文引用的每一个专利、专利申请和出版物的公开内容其整体通过引用并入本文。尽管已参考具体实施方式公开了本发明,但是显然,本领域的其它技术人员可以想到本发明的其它实施方式和变型,而不脱离本发明的真实精神和范围。所附权利要求旨在被解释为包括所有这种实施方式和等同变型。
序列表
<110> 耶鲁大学
<120> 用于治疗纤维化的化合物和组合物
<130> 047162-7106WO1(00798)
<150> US 62/607,110
<151> 2017-12-18
<160> 4
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 10
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 化学合成
<220>
<221> MOD
<222> (1)..(1)
<223> 用FITC-AHA[5-(荧光素-酰氨基)己基丙烯酸]衍生化的N端
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (6)..(6)
<223> 磷酸化
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (10)..(10)
<223> 酰胺化
<400> 1
Asp Glu Leu Thr Gly Tyr Val Ala Thr Arg
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<210> 2
<211> 10
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 化学合成
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<221> MOD_RES
<222> (1)..(1)
<223> 用FITC-AHA[5-(荧光素-酰氨基)己基丙烯酸]衍生化的N端
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (4)..(4)
<223> 磷酸化
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (10)..(10)
<223> 酰胺化
<400> 2
Asp Glu Leu Thr Gly Tyr Val Ala Thr Arg
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<221> MOD_RES
<222> (4)..(4)
<223> Nle
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (5)..(5)
<223> 磷酸化
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> (7)..(7)
<223> 磷酸化
<400> 3
Asp Asp Glu Xaa Tyr Gly Tyr Val Ala Thr Arg
1 5 10
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<213> 智人
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Met Pro Pro Ser Pro Leu Asp Asp Arg Val Val Val Ala Leu Ser Arg
1 5 10 15
Pro Val Arg Pro Gln Asp Leu Asn Leu Cys Leu Asp Ser Ser Tyr Leu
20 25 30
Gly Ser Ala Asn Pro Gly Ser Asn Ser His Pro Pro Val Ile Ala Thr
35 40 45
Thr Val Val Ser Leu Lys Ala Ala Asn Leu Thr Tyr Met Pro Ser Ser
50 55 60
Ser Gly Ser Ala Arg Ser Leu Asn Cys Gly Cys Ser Ser Ala Ser Cys
65 70 75 80
Cys Thr Val Ala Thr Tyr Asp Lys Asp Asn Gln Ala Gln Thr Gln Ala
85 90 95
Ile Ala Ala Gly Thr Thr Thr Thr Ala Ile Gly Thr Ser Thr Thr Cys
100 105 110
Pro Ala Asn Gln Met Val Asn Asn Asn Glu Asn Thr Gly Ser Leu Ser
115 120 125
Pro Ser Ser Gly Val Gly Ser Pro Val Ser Gly Thr Pro Lys Gln Leu
130 135 140
Ala Ser Ile Lys Ile Ile Tyr Pro Asn Asp Leu Ala Lys Lys Met Thr
145 150 155 160
Lys Cys Ser Lys Ser His Leu Pro Ser Gln Gly Pro Val Ile Ile Asp
165 170 175
Cys Arg Pro Phe Met Glu Tyr Asn Lys Ser His Ile Gln Gly Ala Val
180 185 190
His Ile Asn Cys Ala Asp Lys Ile Ser Arg Arg Arg Leu Gln Gln Gly
195 200 205
Lys Ile Thr Val Leu Asp Leu Ile Ser Cys Arg Glu Gly Lys Asp Ser
210 215 220
Phe Lys Arg Ile Phe Ser Lys Glu Ile Ile Val Tyr Asp Glu Asn Thr
225 230 235 240
Asn Glu Pro Ser Arg Val Met Pro Ser Gln Pro Leu His Ile Val Leu
245 250 255
Glu Ser Leu Lys Arg Glu Gly Lys Glu Pro Leu Val Leu Lys Gly Gly
260 265 270
Leu Ser Ser Phe Lys Gln Asn His Glu Asn Leu Cys Asp Asn Ser Leu
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Gln Leu Gln Glu Cys Arg Glu Val Gly Gly Gly Ala Ser Ala Ala Ser
290 295 300
Ser Leu Leu Pro Gln Pro Ile Pro Thr Thr Pro Asp Ile Glu Asn Ala
305 310 315 320
Glu Leu Thr Pro Ile Leu Pro Phe Leu Phe Leu Gly Asn Glu Gln Asp
325 330 335
Ala Gln Asp Leu Asp Thr Met Gln Arg Leu Asn Ile Gly Tyr Val Ile
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Asn Val Thr Thr His Leu Pro Leu Tyr His Tyr Glu Lys Gly Leu Phe
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Asn Tyr Lys Arg Leu Pro Ala Thr Asp Ser Asn Lys Gln Asn Leu Arg
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Gln Tyr Phe Glu Glu Ala Phe Glu Phe Ile Glu Glu Ala His Gln Cys
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Gly Lys Gly Leu Leu Ile His Cys Gln Ala Gly Val Ser Arg Ser Ala
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Thr Ile Val Ile Ala Tyr Leu Met Lys His Thr Arg Met Thr Met Thr
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Asp Ala Tyr Lys Phe Val Lys Gly Lys Arg Pro Ile Ile Ser Pro Asn
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Leu Asn Phe Met Gly Gln Leu Leu Glu Phe Glu Glu Asp Leu Asn Asn
450 455 460
Gly Val Thr Pro Arg Ile Leu Thr Pro Lys Leu Met Gly Val Glu Thr
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Val Val
Claims (14)
3.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述化合物对MKP-5的Ki≤100μM。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述化合物结合至MKP-5的变构位点。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述化合物选自1-((5,6-二氢苯并[h]喹唑啉-2-基)硫)-3,3-二甲基丁-2-酮;N,N-二甲基-2-((9-(甲硫基)-5,6-二氢噻吩并[3,4-h]喹唑啉-2-基)硫)乙酰胺;N-乙基-N-甲基-2-((9-(甲硫基)-5,6-二氢噻吩并[3,4-h]喹唑啉-2-基)硫)乙酰胺;1-((9-氟-5,6-二氢苯并[h]喹唑啉-2-基)硫)-3,3-二甲基丁-2-酮;1-((6H-异色原烯并[4,3-d]嘧啶-2-基)硫)-3,3-二甲基丁-2-酮;1-((5,6-二氢噻吩并[2,3-h]喹唑啉-2-基)硫)-3,3-二甲基丁-2-酮;3,3-二甲基-1-(嘧啶并[5,4-c]喹啉-2-基硫)丁-2-酮;和1-((6-乙酰基-5,6-二氢嘧啶并[5,4-c]喹啉-2-基)硫)-3,3-二甲基丁-2-酮;和3,3-二甲基-1-((9-丙基-5,6-二氢噻吩并[3,4-h]喹唑啉-2-基)硫)丁-2-酮。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述化合物作为药物组合物的部分被给予,所述药物组合物进一步包括至少一种药学上可接受的载体。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的用途,其中所述MKP-5调节的疾病或障碍是纤维化疾病或障碍。
9.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的用途,其中所述MKP-5调节的疾病或障碍选自营养不良性肌肉疾病、心脏或血管疾病、特发性肺纤维化及其任何组合。
10.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的用途,其中所述哺乳动物是人。
11.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的用途,其中通过选自吸入、口服、颊部、直肠、胸膜、腹膜、阴道、肌内、皮下、经皮、硬膜外、气管内、耳部、眼内、鞘内和静脉内途径的至少一种途径向所述哺乳动物给予所述药物。
12.权利要求1-7中任一项所述的用途,其中通过局部途径向所述哺乳动物给予所述药物。
14.用于预防或治疗哺乳动物中的MKP-5调节的疾病或障碍的试剂盒,所述试剂盒包含根据权利要求13所述的化合物、任选地施用器、和其使用说明材料,其中所述说明材料记载将被给予所述哺乳动物以治疗或预防所述MKP-5调节的疾病或障碍的所述化合物的量和频率。
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