CN111663327A - 聚丙烯酸基石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种聚丙烯酸基石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维制备方法,具体为:步骤1,按照与待整理的合成纤维质量百分比的5~10%称取石墨烯整理剂,放入搅拌器中,加入适量的水,形成石墨烯整理剂溶液;步骤2,将石墨烯整理剂溶液置于真空处理设备内,然后放入待整理的合成纤维,进行真空湿整理;步骤3,将真空湿整理后的合成纤维在真空烘干机中烘干,完成石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维的制备。本发明的聚丙烯酸基石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维制备方法,解决了现有技术中存在的通过纺丝制备功能性石墨烯纤维中石墨烯含量低,抗菌、抗静电性能较弱的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纺织技术领域,涉及一种聚丙烯酸基石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高,人们对服装的舒适性和功能保健性提出了更高的要求。合成纤维包括涤纶、锦纶、腈纶的用量已经超过天然纤维,广泛应用于各类产品。但由于合成纤维吸湿性差,易产生静电,利用石墨烯等先进材料对合成纤维进行改性,形成的新型复合功能纤维具有很高的实践价值和市场前景。目前开发石墨烯纤维主要方法是通过在纤维制备的纺丝液中加入石墨烯材料,通过纺丝制备功能性石墨烯纤维,但由于石墨烯材料价格昂贵,这类纤维通常石墨烯含量很低,抗菌、抗静电性能较弱。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种聚丙烯酸基石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维制备方法,解决了现有技术中存在的通过纺丝制备功能性石墨烯纤维中石墨烯含量低,抗菌、抗静电性能较弱的问题。
本发明所采用的技术方案是,聚丙烯酸基石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维制备方法,具体按照如下步骤实施:
步骤1,按照与待整理的合成纤维质量百分比的5~10%称取石墨烯整理剂,放入搅拌器中,加入适量的水,形成石墨烯整理剂溶液;
步骤2,将步骤1配制好的石墨烯整理剂溶液置于真空处理设备内,然后放入待整理的合成纤维,在温度50~80℃的条件下滚动浸渍40~80min进行真空湿整理;
步骤3,将经步骤2真空湿整理后的合成纤维在真空烘干机中,80-90℃烘干20-30分钟,升温到150-180℃烘焙0.5-3分钟,完成石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维的制备。
本发明的特征还在于,
步骤1制备成的石墨烯整理剂溶液的质量为待整理合成纤维质量的70~85%。
石墨烯整理剂按照质量百分比由以下成分组成:10%的石墨烯分散液20%~50%、水性阳离子丙烯酸酯溶液30%~40%、去离子水20%~40%,上述成分质量百分比之和为100%。
石墨烯整理剂的制备方法为:按照质量百分比由分别称取以下成分:10%的石墨烯分散液20%~50%、水性阳离子丙烯酸酯溶液30%~40%、去离子水20%~40%,上述成分质量百分比之和为100%,混合搅拌30-40分钟,形成石墨烯整理剂。
10%的石墨烯分散液的制备方法为:
将石墨与l5%H2SO4和3%NaClO的混合溶液混合,在60-70℃条件下,将超声破碎设定在18000-21000转/分钟,处理8-12小时,冷却后,加入10%亚硫酸氢钠,还原处理1-2小时,加入离子透析袋,析去金属与非金属离子,得到10%石墨烯分散液。
石墨与l5%H2SO4和3%NaClO的混合溶液按照1g:10ml混合。
10%亚硫酸氢钠的加入体积与石墨质量比为1ml:10g。
水性阳离子丙烯酸酯溶液的制备方法为:
将一定量的聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10(OP-10)乳化剂加入一定量的去离子水中,然后再依次加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙稀酸、丙烯酸丁酯、己内丁糖,再加热到75-80℃,搅拌完全溶解后,逐滴滴入一定量的10%过氧乙酸,滴加完成后,继续维持在75-80℃加热搅拌6-8小时,得到水性阳离子丙烯酸酯溶液。
聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10(OP-10)质量与去离子水的体积比为:2g:100ml。
聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10(OP-10)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙稀酸、丙烯酸丁酯、己内丁糖的质量比为2:2:3:23:2.5。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明利用超声氧化破碎法石墨烯洪量制备技术制备石墨烯分散液、水性阳离子丙烯酸酯溶液制备技术制备水性丙烯酸酯溶液、再利用真空浸吸法核壳结构石墨烯纤维制备技术形成核壳结构石墨烯复合纤维,形成的壳层材料具有优异的稳定结构,按照标准水洗100次壳层无破坏脱落现象,壳层在复合纤维中占比约为:0.5-1.19%,石墨烯在壳层材料中占比约为:16.67-55.56%,核壳结构石墨烯纤维的金黄葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌的抑菌率均大于95%,质量比电阻:2.13-3.56×106Ω,紫外屏蔽率UPF比未复合同种合成纤维提升2-3倍,具有显著的抗菌、抗静电、抗紫外功能性,以满足家用、户外、职业与军队等纺织服饰产品的需求,具有重要的社会与经济意义。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明聚丙烯酸基石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维制备方法,具体按照如下步骤实施:
步骤1,按照与待整理的合成纤维质量百分比的5~10%称取石墨烯整理剂,放入搅拌器中,加入适量的水,形成石墨烯整理剂溶液,石墨烯整理剂溶液的质量为待整理合成纤维质量的70~85%;其中,石墨烯整理剂按照质量百分比由以下成分组成:10%的石墨烯分散液20%~50%、水性阳离子丙烯酸酯溶液30%~40%、去离子水20%~40%,上述成分质量百分比之和为100%。按照上述比例称取各个成分,混合搅拌30-40分钟,形成石墨烯整理剂;
10%的石墨烯分散液的制备方法为:将石墨与l5%H2SO4和3%NaClO的混合溶液按照1g:10ml混合,在60-70℃条件下,将超声破碎设定在18000-21000转/分钟,处理8-12小时,冷却后,加入10%亚硫酸氢钠,10%亚硫酸氢钠的加入体积与石墨质量比为1ml:10g,还原处理1-2小时,加入离子透析袋,析去金属与非金属离子,得到10%石墨烯分散液;
水性阳离子丙烯酸酯溶液的制备方法为:
将一定量的聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10(OP-10)乳化剂加入一定量的去离子水中,然后再依次加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙稀酸、丙烯酸丁酯、己内丁糖,再加热到75-80℃,搅拌完全溶解后,逐滴滴入一定量的10%过氧乙酸,滴加完成后,继续维持在75-80℃加热搅拌6-8小时,,得到水性阳离子丙烯酸酯溶液,其中聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10(OP-10)质量与去离子水的体积比为:2g:100ml,聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10(OP-10)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙稀酸、丙烯酸丁酯、己内丁糖的质量比为2:2:3:23:2.5;
步骤2,将步骤1配制好的石墨烯整理剂溶液置于真空处理设备内,然后放入待整理的合成纤维,在温度50~80℃的条件下滚动浸渍40~80min进行真空湿整理;
步骤3,将经步骤2真空湿整理后的合成纤维在真空烘干机中,80-90℃烘干20-30分钟,升温到150-180℃烘焙0.5-3分钟,完成石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维的制备。
实施例1
1、超声氧化破碎法石墨烯洪量制备石墨烯分散液:
将石墨100克,加入到1000ml5%H2SO4、3%NaClO混合溶液,在60℃条件下,将超声破碎设定在18000转/分钟,处理12小时,冷却后,加入10%亚硫酸氢钠10ml,还原处理2小时,加入离子透析袋,析去金属与非金属离子,得到10%石墨烯分散液。
2、水性阳离子丙烯酸酯溶液制备:
将20克OP-10乳化剂,加入1000ml去离子水中,依次加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯:20克,甲基丙稀酸:30克,丙烯酸丁酯:230克,己内丁糖:25克,加热到75℃,搅拌完全溶解后,逐滴滴入10%过氧乙酸20ml,滴加完成后,继续加热搅拌8小时,得到水性阳离子丙烯酸酯溶液。
3、石墨烯整理剂的制备方法,按以下步骤进行:10%石墨烯分散液20%、水性阳离子丙烯酸酯溶液40%、去离子水40%,上述各组份总量100%,按照上述配比,分别取各类试剂与去离子水,混合搅拌30分钟;
4、真空浸吸法核壳结构石墨烯涤纶纤维制备:利用1.2D×38mm涤纶短纤维:
a.按与待整理涤纶短纤维的质量百分比5%,取石墨烯整理剂,放入搅拌器,加水,搅拌均匀,形成整理剂溶液,该溶液与待整理涤纶短纤维的质量百分比为70%;
b.将上述配制好的石墨烯整理剂置于真空处理设备内,接着放入纤维,在温度80℃的条件下滚动浸渍80min;
c.将上述真空湿整理后的纤维在真空烘干机中,80℃烘干20分钟,升温到150℃烘焙3分钟,完成核壳结构石墨烯涤纶纤维制备。
形成核壳结构石墨烯复合涤纶纤维按照标准水洗100次壳层无破坏脱落现象。壳层在复合纤维中占比约为:0.5%。石墨烯在壳层材料中占比约为:16.67%。核壳结构石墨烯纤维的金黄葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌的抑菌率分别为99.3%、99.8%、96.5%,质量比电阻:2.13×106Ω,紫外屏蔽率UPF比未复合涤纶纤维提升3倍。
实施例2
1、超声氧化破碎法石墨烯洪量制备石墨烯分散液
将石墨100克,加入到1000ml5%H2SO4、3%NaClO混合溶液,在70℃条件下,将超声破碎设定在21000转/分钟,处理8小时,冷却后,加入10%亚硫酸氢钠10ml,还原处理1小时,加入离子透析袋,析去金属与非金属离子,得到10%石墨烯分散液。
2、水性阳离子丙烯酸酯溶液制备:
将20克OP-10乳化剂,加入1000ml去离子水中,依次加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯:20克,甲基丙稀酸:30克,丙烯酸丁酯:230克,己内丁糖:25克,加热到80℃,搅拌完全溶解后,逐滴滴入10%过氧乙酸20ml,滴加完成后,继续保持80℃搅拌6小时,得到水性阳离子丙烯酸酯溶液。
3、石墨烯整理剂的制备方法,按以下步骤进行:10%石墨烯分散液50%、水性丙烯酸酯溶液30%、去离子水20%,上述各组份总量100%,按照上述配比,分别取各类试剂与去离子水,混合搅拌40分钟;
4、真空浸吸法核壳结构石墨烯涤纶纤维制备:利用1.5D×66mm锦纶短纤维:
a.按与所需整理锦纶纤维的质量百分比10%,取石墨烯整理剂,放入搅拌器,加水,搅拌均匀,形成整理剂溶液,该溶液与所需整理锦纶纤维的质量百分比为85%;
b.将上述配制好的石墨烯整理剂置于真空处理设备内,接着放入锦纶纤维,在温度50℃的条件下滚动浸渍40min;
c.将上述真空湿整理后的纤维在真空烘干机中,80℃烘干20分钟,升温到150℃烘焙3分钟,完成核壳结构石墨烯锦纶纤维制备。
形成核壳结构石墨烯复合锦纶纤维按照标准水洗100次壳层无破坏脱落现象,壳层在复合纤维中占比约为:1.19%。石墨烯在壳层材料中占比约为:55.56%。核壳结构石墨烯纤维的金黄葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌的抑菌率分别为99.8%、99.9%、98.1%,质量比电阻:3.56×106Ω,紫外屏蔽率UPF比未复合锦纶纤维提升2倍。
实施例3
1、超声氧化破碎法石墨烯洪量制备石墨烯分散液
将石墨100克,加入到1000ml5%H2SO4、3%NaClO混合溶液,在65℃条件下,将超声破碎设定在20000转/分钟,处理10小时,冷却后,加入10%亚硫酸氢钠10ml,还原处理1.5小时,加入离子透析袋,析去金属与非金属离子,得到10%石墨烯分散液。
2、水性阳离子丙烯酸酯溶液制备:
将20克OP-10乳化剂,加入1000ml去离子水中,依次加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯:20克,甲基丙稀酸:30克,丙烯酸丁酯:230克,己内丁糖:25克,加热到78℃,继续维持在78℃搅拌完全溶解后,逐滴滴入10%过氧乙酸20ml,滴加完成后,继续保持80℃搅拌7小时,得到水性阳离子丙烯酸酯溶液。
3、石墨烯整理剂的制备方法,按以下步骤进行:10%石墨烯分散液35%、水性丙烯酸酯溶液35%、去离子水30%,上述各组份总量100%,按照上述配比,分别取各类试剂与去离子水,混合搅拌35分钟;
4、真空浸吸法核壳结构石墨烯腈纶纤维制备:利用1.25D×38mm腈纶短纤维:
a.按与腈纶纤维的质量百分比7.5%,取石墨烯整理剂,放入搅拌器,加水,搅拌均匀,形成整理剂溶液,该溶液与所需整理腈纶短纤维的质量百分比为70%;
b.将上述配制好的石墨烯整理剂置于真空处理设备内,接着放入腈纶纤维,在温度60℃的条件下滚动浸渍60min;
c.将上述真空湿整理后的腈纶纤维在真空烘干机中,80℃烘干20分钟,升温到150℃烘焙3分钟,完成核壳结构石墨烯腈纶纤维制备。
形成核壳结构石墨烯复合腈纶纤维按照标准水洗100次壳层无破坏脱落现象。壳层在复合纤维中占比约为:0.7%。石墨烯在壳层材料中占比约为:34.26%。核壳结构石墨烯纤维的金黄葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌的抑菌率分别为99.6%、99.9%、97.8%,质量比电阻:2.87×106Ω,紫外屏蔽率UPF比未复合腈纶纤维提升2.5倍。
Claims (10)
1.聚丙烯酸基石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维制备方法,其特征在于,具体按照如下步骤实施:
步骤1,按照与待整理的合成纤维质量百分比的5~10%称取石墨烯整理剂,放入搅拌器中,加入适量的水,形成石墨烯整理剂溶液;
步骤2,将步骤1配制好的石墨烯整理剂溶液置于真空处理设备内,然后放入待整理的合成纤维,在温度50~80℃的条件下滚动浸渍40~80min进行真空湿整理;
步骤3,将经步骤2真空湿整理后的合成纤维在真空烘干机中,80-90℃烘干20-30分钟,升温到150-180℃烘焙0.5-3分钟,完成石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维的制备。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚丙烯酸基石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1制备成的石墨烯整理剂溶液的质量为待整理合成纤维质量的70~85%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的聚丙烯酸基石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维制备方法,其特征在于,所述石墨烯整理剂按照质量百分比由以下成分组成:10%的石墨烯分散液20%~50%、水性阳离子丙烯酸酯溶液30%~40%、去离子水20%~40%,上述成分质量百分比之和为100%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的聚丙烯酸基石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维制备方法,其特征在于,所述石墨烯整理剂的制备方法为:按照质量百分比由分别称取以下成分:10%的石墨烯分散液20%~50%、水性阳离子丙烯酸酯溶液30%~40%、去离子水20%~40%,上述成分质量百分比之和为100%,混合搅拌30-40分钟,形成石墨烯整理剂。
5.根据权利要求3所述的聚丙烯酸基石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维制备方法,其特征在于,所述10%的石墨烯分散液的制备方法为:
将石墨与l5%H2SO4和3%NaClO的混合溶液混合,在60-70℃条件下,将超声破碎设定在18000-21000转/分钟,处理8-12小时,冷却后,加入10%亚硫酸氢钠,还原处理1-2小时,加入离子透析袋,析去金属与非金属离子,得到10%石墨烯分散液。
6.根据权利要求5所述的聚丙烯酸基石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维制备方法,其特征在于,所述石墨与l5%H2SO4和3%NaClO的混合溶液按照1g:10ml混合。
7.根据权利要求6所述的聚丙烯酸基石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维制备方法,其特征在于,所述10%亚硫酸氢钠的加入体积与石墨质量比为1ml:10g。
8.根据权利要求3所述的聚丙烯酸基石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维制备方法,其特征在于,所述水性阳离子丙烯酸酯溶液的制备方法为:
将一定量的聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10(OP-10)乳化剂加入一定量的去离子水中,然后再依次加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙稀酸、丙烯酸丁酯、己内丁糖,再加热到75-80℃,搅拌完全溶解后,逐滴滴入一定量的10%过氧乙酸,滴加完成后,继续维持在75-80℃加热搅拌6-8小时,得到水性阳离子丙烯酸酯溶液。
9.根据权利要求8所述的聚丙烯酸基石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10质量与去离子水的体积比为:2g:100ml。
10.根据权利要求9所述的聚丙烯酸基石墨烯核壳结构复合纤维制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙稀酸、丙烯酸丁酯、己内丁糖的质量比为2:2:3:23:2.5。
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