CN111647796A - High-speed tool steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-speed tool steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111647796A CN111647796A CN202010351796.0A CN202010351796A CN111647796A CN 111647796 A CN111647796 A CN 111647796A CN 202010351796 A CN202010351796 A CN 202010351796A CN 111647796 A CN111647796 A CN 111647796A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-speed tool steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-speed tool steel comprises C: 0.45-0.70%, Si: 0.02 to 0.16%, Mn: 0.15-0.40%, P: 0.01-0.03%: se: 0.02 to 0.05%, Ti: 3.35-3.85%, Zr: 1.11-1.28%, Mo: 2.56-4.35%, fullerene: 0.03-0.42 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements, the high-speed tool steel blank has excellent mechanical property, the highest hardness of the high-speed tool steel blank reaches more than 77HRC, the tensile strength of the high-speed tool steel blank reaches 4120Mpa, and the impact toughness of the high-speed tool steel blank reaches 92 alpha k.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of die steel, in particular to high-speed tool steel.
Background
The high-speed tool steel is mainly used for preparing high-speed cutting tools, such as cutting of a drill bit, a milling cutter, a band saw and the like, is a tool steel commonly used in Mo series high-speed steel, and has been developed for many years, the content of carbon and vanadium is properly increased on the basis of the first generation M1 steel, and the cutting performance is obviously improved, so that the high-speed tool steel becomes a general type steel with better red hardness, toughness and wear resistance. The high-speed tool steel has the service hardness of more than HRC63 after heat treatment, can still keep high hardness at the working temperature of about 600 ℃, and has better toughness, wear resistance and heat resistance. The main alloy elements of the high-speed tool steel in an annealed state comprise tungsten, molybdenum, chromium and vanadium, and some elements such as cobalt, aluminum and the like are added into the high-speed tool steel.
The rapid development of modern manufacturing industry requires high speed tool steels to have better performance and stability, thereby improving the machining efficiency and machining precision thereof. In recent years, the quality, production technology and other aspects of domestic and foreign high-speed tool steel have been rapidly developed, and the development of high-speed tool steel also promotes the development of industrial products towards upgrading, individuation and high added value. However, the performance of the existing high-speed tool steel can only meet the cutting requirements of common materials, and for high-performance parts, the bending strength and hardness of the existing high-speed tool steel are still not high enough, and the impact toughness is low, so that the processing requirements of the high-performance parts cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the high-speed tool steel and the preparation method thereof, the high-speed tool steel has higher tensile strength and hardness by adjusting the chemical components of the conventional high-speed tool steel, adding elements such as Ti, fullerene and the like and limiting the proportion of each component, and the high-speed tool steel has certain impact toughness while improving the hardness and the tensile strength and meets the processing requirements of high-performance parts.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a high-speed tool steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
c: 0.45-0.70%, Si: 0.02 to 0.16%, Mn: 0.15-0.40%, P: 0.01-0.03%: se: 0.02 to 0.05%, Ti: 3.35-3.85%, Zr: 1.11-1.28%, Mo: 2.56-4.35%, fullerene: 0.03 to 0.42 percent of the total weight of the components, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent.
Preferred C: 0.45%, Si: 0.03%, Mn: 0.36%, P: 0.03%: se: 0.04%, Ti: 3.66%, Zr: 1.23%, Mo: 4.05%, fullerene: 0.37 percent.
Further, the invention provides a preparation method of the high-speed tool steel, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) proportioning according to the mass percent of the components contained in the high-speed tool steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace at the smelting temperature of 1700-1800 ℃, the smelting time of 2-2.5h, blowing argon, stirring and refining for 1-2h to obtain primary molten steel;
(2) drying the primary molten steel to obtain mixed powder;
(3) loading the dried mixed powder into a sheath, vacuumizing, degassing and sealing the sheath;
(4) and carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the sealed sheath loaded with the mixed powder, wherein the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 950-1300 ℃, so that the mixed powder forms a high-speed tool steel material billet, and separating the billet from the sheath.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the high-speed tool steel, the smelting temperature is 1700 ℃, the smelting time is 2.5 hours, and argon is blown for stirring and refining for 2 hours.
Preferably, the temperature of hot isostatic pressing is 1200 ℃.
The function of each element of the invention is as follows:
c: 0.45-0.70%: the main strengthening elements in steel, elements imparting quench-tempered hardness and improving wear resistance, should be not less than 0.45% in the present invention, but the precipitation of excessive carbides affects the toughness and workability of steel, so the upper limit of the addition thereof is limited to 0.70%, preferably 0.45%.
Fullerene: 0.03-0.42%
The fullerene has high tensile strength, high electrical conductivity, high ductility and high thermal conductivity, and the inventor finds that the comprehensive performance can be obviously improved by adding a small amount of fullerene into steel, and the cost of the fullerene is high, so the content of the fullerene is controlled to be 0.03-0.42%, preferably 0.37%.
Si: 0.02-0.16%: si is used as deoxidizing element, no carbide is formed in steel, it can be dissolved in ferrite to affect the strength property of steel, and it can remove oxygen in metal, the content of Si is controlled in the invention to 0.02-0.16%, and the content of Si is 0.03%.
Mn: 0.15-0.40%: mn is an austenite enlarging element, and can improve the strength and corrosion resistance of steel, and has the effect of increasing the solid solubility of N in steel, and can increase the hardenability of steel, and improve the hardness and strength of austenitic steel, and the content of Mn is controlled to be 0.15-0.40%, preferably 0.36% in the present invention.
P: 0.01-0.03%: p can improve the strength, hardness and corrosion resistance of the steel, but obviously reduces the plasticity and property of the steel, particularly obviously reduces the impact toughness in a low-temperature state, and makes the steel easy to crack, so the adding amount of the invention is less and is controlled between 0.01 and 0.03 percent, preferably, P is 0.03 percent.
Se: 0.02-0.05%: se can improve machinability, and 0.02-0.05% of Se is added in the invention, preferably 0.04%
Ti: 3.35-3.85%: the titanium steel made by adding titanium into steel is tough and elastic, and shows strong corrosion resistance, and 3.35-3.85% of Ti, preferably 3.66%
Zr: 1.11-1.28%: zr is a powerful deoxidizing and denitriding effect, and the hardness and the strength of the steel can be obviously improved by adding 1.11-1.28% of Zr in the invention, preferably, the Zr is 1.23%.
Mo: 2.56-4.35%: since Mo is an alloying element in steel and increases the strength of steel at high temperatures to improve the strength, particularly the high-temperature strength and toughness, the amount of Mo added in the present invention is 2.56 to 4.35%, preferably 4.05%.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the high-speed tool steel blank prepared by the invention has excellent mechanical properties, wherein the high-speed tool steel provided by the third embodiment has the best effect, and the steel blank is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 0.45%, Si: 0.03%, Mn: 0.36%, P: 0.03%: se: 0.04%, Ti: 3.66%, Zr: 1.23%, Mo: 4.05%, fullerene: 0.37 percent, and the balance of Fe, the highest hardness of the alloy reaches more than 77HRC, the tensile strength is 4120Mpa, and the impact toughness reaches 92 alpha k.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the specific material ratios, process conditions and results thereof described in the examples are illustrative only and should not be taken as limiting the invention as detailed in the claims.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a high-speed tool steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.45%, Si: 0.02%, Mn: 0.15%, P: 0.01%: se: 0.02%, Ti: 3.35%, Zr: 1.11%, Mo: 2.56%, fullerene: 0.03 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the high-speed tool steel specifically includes the following steps:
proportioning the components according to the mass percent of the components contained in the high-speed tool steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace at the smelting temperature of 1700 ℃ for 2 hours, blowing argon, stirring and refining for 1 hour to obtain primary molten steel; drying the primary molten steel to obtain mixed powder; loading the dried mixed powder into a sheath, vacuumizing, degassing and sealing the sheath; and carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the sealed sheath loaded with the mixed powder, wherein the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 950 ℃, so that the mixed powder forms a high-speed tool steel material billet, and separating the billet from the sheath.
Example two:
a high-speed tool steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.50%, Si: 0.09%, Mn: 0.24%, P: 0.02%: se: 0.03%, Ti: 3.49%, Zr: 1.17%, Mo: 3.04%, fullerene: 0.09 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the high-speed tool steel specifically includes the following steps: proportioning the components according to the mass percentage of the components contained in the high-speed tool steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace at 1780 ℃ for 2.2h, blowing argon, stirring and refining for 1.5h to obtain primary molten steel; drying the primary molten steel to obtain mixed powder; loading the dried mixed powder into a sheath, vacuumizing, degassing and sealing the sheath; and carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the sealed sheath loaded with the mixed powder, wherein the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 1000 ℃, so that the mixed powder forms a high-speed tool steel material billet, and separating the billet from the sheath.
Example three:
a high-speed tool steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.45%, Si: 0.03%, Mn: 0.36%, P: 0.03%: se: 0.04%, Ti: 3.66%, Zr: 1.23%, Mo: 4.05%, fullerene: 0.37 percent of Fe and inevitable impurity elements, and the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the high-speed tool steel specifically includes the following steps: proportioning the components according to the mass percent of the components contained in the high-speed tool steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace at the smelting temperature of 1700 ℃ for 2.5h, blowing argon, stirring and refining for 2h to obtain primary molten steel; drying the primary molten steel to obtain mixed powder; loading the dried mixed powder into a sheath, vacuumizing, degassing and sealing the sheath; and carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the sealed sheath loaded with the mixed powder, wherein the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 1200 ℃, so that the mixed powder forms a high-speed tool steel material billet, and separating the billet from the sheath.
Example four:
a high-speed tool steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.65%, Si: 0.14%, Mn: 0.34%, P: 0.025%: se: 0.04%, Ti: 3.74%, Zr: 1.21%, Mo: 4.05%, fullerene: 0.32 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the high-speed tool steel specifically includes the following steps: proportioning the components according to the mass percent of the components contained in the high-speed tool steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace at the smelting temperature of 1745 ℃ for 2.0h, blowing argon, stirring and refining for 1.5h to obtain primary molten steel; drying the primary molten steel to obtain mixed powder; loading the dried mixed powder into a sheath, vacuumizing, degassing and sealing the sheath; and carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the sealed sheath loaded with the mixed powder, wherein the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 1260 ℃, so that the mixed powder forms a high-speed tool steel material blank, and separating the blank from the sheath.
Example five:
a high-speed tool steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
c: 0.70%, Si: 0.16%, Mn: 0.40%, P: 0.03%: se: 0.05%, Ti: 3.85%, Zr: 1.28%, Mo: 4.35%, fullerene: 0.42 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the high-speed tool steel specifically includes the following steps: proportioning the components according to the mass percent of the components contained in the high-speed tool steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace at the smelting temperature of 1800 ℃ for 2.5h, blowing argon, stirring and refining for 2h to obtain primary molten steel; drying the primary molten steel to obtain mixed powder; loading the dried mixed powder into a sheath, vacuumizing, degassing and sealing the sheath; and carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the sealed sheath loaded with the mixed powder, wherein the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 1300 ℃, so that the mixed powder forms a high-speed tool steel material billet, and separating the billet from the sheath.
Example six:
the high speed tool steels of examples one to five were cast into blanks and their mechanical properties were measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: examples one to five mechanical properties of high-speed tool Steel blanks
| Serial number | Hardness HRC | Tensile strength Mpa | Impact toughness α k |
| Example one | 71 | 4150 | 88 |
| Example two | 61 | 3980 | 89 |
| EXAMPLE III | 77 | 4120 | 92 |
| Example four | 75 | 4070 | 91 |
| EXAMPLE five | 76 | 4000 | 90 |
| Commercial high speed tool steel | 75 | 4050 | 90 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the high-speed tool steel blanks prepared in the first to fifth examples of the invention have excellent mechanical properties compared with the commercially available high-speed tool steel, wherein the high-speed tool steel provided in the third example has the best effect, the highest hardness is more than 77HRC, the tensile strength is 4120MPa, and the impact toughness is 92 alpha k.
The invention provides high-speed tool steel and a preparation method thereof, which are characterized in that elements such as Ti, fullerene and the like are added through adjusting the chemical components of the existing high-speed tool steel, and the proportion of each component is limited, so that the high-speed tool steel has higher tensile strength and hardness, has certain impact toughness while improving the hardness and tensile strength, and meets the processing requirements of high-performance parts.
Claims (5)
1. A high speed tool steel characterized by: the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.45-0.70%, Si: 0.02 to 0.16%, Mn: 0.15-0.40%, P: 0.01-0.03%: se: 0.02 to 0.05%, Ti: 3.35-3.85%, Zr: 1.11-1.28%, Mo: 2.56-4.35%, fullerene: 0.03-0.42%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
2. A high speed tool steel according to claim 1, wherein: c: 0.45%, Si: 0.03%, Mn: 0.36%, P: 0.03%: se: 0.04%, Ti: 3.66%, Zr: 1.23%, Mo: 4.05%, fullerene: 0.37 percent.
3. A high speed tool steel according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the high-speed tool steel comprises the following specific steps:
(1) proportioning according to the mass percent of the components contained in the high-speed tool steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace at the smelting temperature of 1700-1800 ℃, the smelting time of 2-2.5h, blowing argon, stirring and refining for 1-2h to obtain primary molten steel;
(2) drying the primary molten steel to obtain mixed powder;
(3) loading the dried mixed powder into a sheath, vacuumizing and degassing, and sealing the sheath;
(4) and carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the sealed sheath loaded with the mixed powder, wherein the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 950-1300 ℃, so that the mixed powder forms a high-speed tool steel material billet, and separating the billet from the sheath.
4. A high speed tool steel according to claim 3, wherein: in the preparation method of the high-speed tool steel, the smelting temperature is 1700 ℃, and the smelting time is 2.5 h.
5. A high speed tool steel according to claim 3, wherein: in the preparation method of the high-speed tool steel, the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 1200 ℃.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115041690A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-09-13 | 中机新材料研究院(郑州)有限公司 | Preparation method of high-speed steel for cutter |
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