CN111441004A - Sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite series free-cutting steel - Google Patents
Sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite series free-cutting steel Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite free-cutting steel, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.02 to 0.07%, Mn: 1.10-1.40%, S: 0.22 to 0.36%, Si: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.090 percent, Bi: 0.01-0.04%, Te: 0.01-0.04%, Pb: 0.20 to 0.25% of Altot：≤0.005%、T[O]: 0.0080-0.0200%, N: less than or equal to 0.0120 percent, and the balance of Fe and impurities. The steel not only has the comprehensive mechanical property of the free cutting steel with the corresponding carbon content in each standard, but also has the cutting processing property of the sulfur-lead free cutting steel with the carbon content exceeding the corresponding standard, and simultaneously has more favorable environmental protection property compared with the free cutting steel with the corresponding carbon content containing lead, and the steel has lower production cost than the free cutting steel with tellurium, tin and bismuth, has better hot processing property and obtains good effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to free-cutting steel, in particular to sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite free-cutting steel, belonging to the technical field of metallurgy.
Background
After decades of development, the varieties and standards of free-cutting steel in the domestic steel industry are increasingly abundant, and generally: the steel is added with sulfur and phosphorus or is added with free cutting elements such as sulfur-lead, sulfur-phosphorus-lead, sulfur-calcium, sulfur-tin, sulfur-phosphorus-tin, sulfur-bismuth, sulfur-tellurium and the like in a composite manner. However, there is no free-cutting steel in which a plurality of free-cutting elements of sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium are compositely added to steel. Therefore, there are the following problems:
(1) the steel grade and the grade of domestic medium-carbon free-cutting structural steel are relatively imperfect.
(2) Although ordinary free cutting steel singly added with sulfur or compounded with sulfur-calcium, sulfur-tin, sulfur-phosphorus-tin, sulfur-bismuth, sulfur-tellurium and the like is relatively environment-friendly, the cutting performance of the free cutting steel is always inferior to that of lead-containing free cutting steel.
(3) Lead-containing free cutting steel is far better than other free cutting steels in cutting performance by increasing lead to more than 0.27%, but free cutting steel with high lead content has great pollution threat to environment, and is limited to use by the current policies of European Union and the like.
(4) The free cutting steel containing bismuth, tin and tellurium usually needs to be improved to the content of 0.10-0.15% or even more, so that the free cutting steel has the cutting performance which is comparable to that of the lead-containing steel, the price of pure bismuth, tin, tellurium or alloy is 3-30 times that of lead at present, and the yield is lower than that of lead, so the manufacturing cost is extremely high.
(5) Bismuth, tellurium and the like have great influence on the fracture and plasticity of steel, and when any element or the total content of the two elements reaches higher than 0.08%, the rolling performance of the steel is influenced, so that the quality problems of cracking and the like are easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides the sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite series free-cutting steel, provides the free-cutting steel which has better cutting performance and environmental protection performance than lead-containing free-cutting steel, has lower cost and good rollability and enriches the series varieties of the free-cutting steel for the industry.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite free-cutting steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.02 to 0.07%, Mn: 1.10-1.40%, S: 0.22 to 0.36%, Si: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.090 percent, Bi: 0.01-0.04%, Te: 0.01-0.04%, Pb: 0.20 to 0.25% of Altot：≤0.005%、T[O]: 0.0080-0.0200%, N: less than or equal to 0.0120 percent, and the balance of Fe and impurities.
As a preferable mode, the sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite free-cutting steel has the composition S and Te satisfying S +2Te = 0.30-0.40%, and the composition C + Mn = 1.40-1.50% between C and Mn.
As a preferable mode, the free-cutting steel of sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite series satisfies Pb + Bi + Te of 0.25% to 0.30%.
As a preferable mode, the above-mentioned S-Pb-Bi-Te composite series free-cutting steel satisfies Mn among Mn, S and Te3/（S+Te）≥4。
As an option, the free-cutting steel of the sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite system may comprise the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.02 to 0.03%, Mn: 1.25-1.40%, S: 0.22 to 0.29%, Si: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.090 percent, Bi: 0.03-0.04%, Te: 0.03-0.04%, Pb: 0.20 to 0.22% of Altot：≤0.005%、T[O]: 0.008-0.015%, N: 0.002-0.010% and the balance of Fe and impurities.
The above-mentioned S-Pb-Bi-Te composite free-cutting steel, specifically, the free-cutting steelThe components by weight percentage are as follows: c: 0.02%, Mn: 1.33%, S: 0.29%, Si: 0.02%, P: 0.054%, Bi: 0.035%, Te: 0.039%, Pb: 0.207% of Altot：≤0.005%、T[O]: 0.0117%, N: 0.0082% and the balance of Fe and impurities.
As another option, the free-cutting steel of the sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite system may also comprise the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.04-0.05%, Mn: 1.15-1.30%, S: 0.28 to 0.32%, Si: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.090 percent, Bi: 0.02-0.03%, Te: 0.02-0.03%, Pb: 0.22 to 0.24% of Altot：≤0.005%、T[O]: 0.008-0.015%, N: 0.002-0.010% and the balance of Fe and impurities.
The sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite free-cutting steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.04%, Mn: 1.23%, S: 0.29%, Si: 0.01%, P: 0.052%, Bi: 0.025%, Te: 0.027%, Pb: 0.238% of Altot：≤0.005%、T[O]: 0.0106%, N: 0.0077% and the balance of Fe and impurities.
As another option, the free-cutting steel of the sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite system may further include, in terms of mass percent: c: 0.06-0.07%, Mn: 1.10-1.15%, S: 0.31 to 0.36%, Si: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.090 percent, Bi: 0.01-0.02% of Te: 0.01-0.02%, Pb: 0.23 to 0.25% of Altot：≤0.005%、T[O]: 0.008-0.015%, N: 0.002-0.010% and the balance of Fe and impurities.
The sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite free-cutting steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.06%, Mn: 1.14%, S: 0.33%, Si: 0.02%, P: 0.058%, Bi: 0.018%, Te: 0.015%, Pb: 0.242% of Altot：≤0.005%、T[O]: 0.0097%, N: 0.0093%, and the balance of Fe and impurities.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention is a brand-new free-cutting steel grade, and has the following advantages:
(1) has good comprehensive mechanical property, and various performance indexes in hot rolling, cold drawing and quenching and tempering states can meet the performance requirements of the free cutting steel with corresponding carbon content specified in national standard GB/T8731, American standard ASTM A29/A29M-04, European standard EN 10087 and Japanese standard JIS.
(2) In the aspect of cutting performance, the steel is still more excellent in cutting performance under the condition that the lead content is lower by 0.05% than that of the sulfur-lead series free cutting steel.
(3) Compared with the sulfur-lead series free cutting steel, the environment-friendly property is better.
(4) The cost is low. The method is based on the prices of bismuth, tellurium and tin alloys in the current market, simultaneously considers and actually measures the addition mode, processing cost, process, loss and the like of bismuth and tellurium in the actual production of the invention and plays a role in cutting performance, and has the cost which is 200-300 yuan/ton lower than that of sulfur-tellurium series free cutting steel and is basically equivalent to that of sulfur-bismuth series.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison of the peak to valley height difference of the machined surface of FY04PbBiTe1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the peak to valley height difference of the machined surface of FY04PbBiTe2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the peak to valley height difference of the machined surface of FY04PbBiTe3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of the peak to valley height of the cut surface of comparative material 12L 14.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: the sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite free-cutting steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.02 to 0.07%, Mn: 1.10-1.40%, S: 0.22 to 0.36%, Si: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.090 percent, Bi: 0.01-0.04%, Te: 0.01-0.04%, Pb: 0.20 to 0.25% of Altot：≤0.005%、T[O]: 0.0080-0.0200%, N: less than or equal to 0.0120 percent, and the balance of Fe and impurities.
The components Bi and Te in the present invention are present simultaneously in equal mass percentages.
The components S and Te satisfy S +2Te = 0.30-0.40%. When any mass percentage of Te element is close to 0.04%, the range of the formula and the value is from the middle value to the lower limit; when the mass percent of Te element is close to 0.01%, the range of the formula and the value should reach the range from the median to the upper limit.
Furthermore, Pb, Bi and Te satisfy 0.25 percent to 0.30 percent. When the mass percentage of the Pb element is close to the upper limit, the range of the formula and the value is from the middle value to the lower limit; when the mass percentage of the elements Bi and Te is close to the lower limit, the range of the formula and the value should reach the range from the middle value to the upper limit.
Further, Mn, S and Te satisfy Mn3/(S + Te) ≧ 4. When the mass percentage of the Te element reaches the range from the median to the upper limit, the range of the ratio of the formula is from the median to the upper limit; when the mass percentage of the Te element reaches the range from the median to the lower limit, the range of the ratio of the formula is from the median to the lower limit.
Furthermore, the ratio of C to Mn is 5C + Mn = 1.40-1.50%.
The optimum chemical composition combination of the present invention is shown in table 1.
Table 1: optimum chemical composition combination (except Mn) of the invention3The rest is mass percent except the S
The components are the best combination mode of matching different components of the steel grade, and the component control can obtain very similar stable excellent performance as long as the components are matched according to the relational expression within the range of the technical scheme. The invention can be produced by a converter or an electric furnace, external refining treatment is carried out, if necessary, vacuum degassing treatment can be adopted, the smelting process is basically the same as that of plain carbon steel, bismuth and tellurium are added into a steel ladle by a cored wire and reasonably stirred. The casting mode can be die casting or continuous casting. Practical production practices prove that the cracking phenomenon can be avoided when the continuous casting straightening temperature is higher than 920 ℃. The heating and initial rolling temperature of hot rolling is slightly higher than that of corresponding plain carbon steel, and the final rolling temperature is more than or equal to 900 ℃.
According to the ingredient collocation of table 1, 65 tons of test products are respectively produced, the product with the same state and specification of the sulfur-lead system 12L 14 which has the widely applied ingredients in the market is taken as comparison steel, hot rolling and cold drawing processing are carried out, and the cutting performance is tested.
The comparison of the three-component combination test article with the comparative steel components is shown in Table 2, and the mechanical properties are shown in Table 3.
Table 2 three component combination test article and comparative steel components
TABLE 3 Hot-rolled and Cold-rolled stock Room temperature mechanical Properties (mean) of the three-component combination test article and of the control Steel
The cutting performance test conditions were as follows:
test site: drill steel research center of first-steel Guiyang special steel Limited liability company
The test machine type: computer numerical control machine tool for producing CTX510 eco by Germany DMG group
Test materials: the three actual test products produced in the trial run described in Table 2 were compared with the comparative steel phi 32mm hot rolled round steel,
the specification is that in order to reduce the influence of the swinging of the pattern, a sufficient amount of cutting material with the size phi 32mm × 600mm, the cutting length 400mm and the maximum cutting length phi 24mm are selected
Testing the cutter: YT14 carbide tool
Cutting rotating speed: 1500r/min
Feeding amount: 0.2mm/r
Cutting amount: 1mm
Cutting mode: because the cutting effect of the sample is good, the difference of the cutting performance is difficult to identify by using the proportion of the C-shaped chips and the curling chips and the abrasion of the props, the cutting effect is changed into the following steps: after cutting for 10min in a dry cutting state without any lubrication, the peak-valley height difference of the last cutting surface of each cutting surface, namely the high-power inspection roughness, is used as a comparison mode, and 8 observation points are randomly selected for each cutting surface to carry out observation and measurement.
Cutting test results: see table 4, figures 1-4.
TABLE 4 cutting test results
The steel not only has the comprehensive mechanical property of the free cutting steel with corresponding carbon content in each standard, but also has the cutting processing property exceeding the cutting of the sulfur-lead free cutting steel with corresponding carbon content, and simultaneously has more favorable environmental protection property compared with the free cutting steel with lead containing corresponding carbon content, and the steel has lower production cost and better hot processing property compared with the free cutting steel with tellurium, tin and bismuth.
The present invention is not described in detail, but is known to those skilled in the art. Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite series free-cutting steel is characterized in that: the free-cutting steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.02 to 0.07%, Mn: 1.10-1.40%, S: 0.22 to 0.36%, Si: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.090 percent, Bi: 0.01-0.04%, Te: 0.01-0.04%, Pb: 0.20-0.25%, Altot: less than or equal to 0.005%, and T [ O ]: 0.0080-0.0200%, N: less than or equal to 0.0120 percent, and the balance of Fe and impurities.
2. The sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite free-cutting steel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the components S and Te satisfy S +2Te = 0.30-0.40%, and the content between C and Mn satisfies 5C + Mn = 1.40-1.50%.
3. The sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite free-cutting steel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the Pb, Bi and Te satisfy that the ratio of Pb, Bi and Te is more than or equal to 0.25% and less than or equal to 0.30%.
4. The sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite free-cutting steel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: mn is satisfied among Mn, S and Te3/（S+Te）≥4。
5. The sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite free-cutting steel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the free-cutting steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.02 to 0.03%, Mn: 1.25-1.40%, S: 0.22 to 0.29%, Si: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.090 percent, Bi: 0.03-0.04%, Te: 0.03-0.04%, Pb: 0.20 to 0.22% of Altot：≤0.005%、T[O]: 0.008-0.015%, N: 0.002-0.010% and the balance of Fe and impurities.
6. The sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite free-cutting steel as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: the free-cutting steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.02%, Mn: 1.33%, S: 0.29%, Si: 0.02%, P: 0.054%, Bi: 0.035%, Te: 0.039%, Pb: 0.207% of Altot：≤0.005%、T[O]: 0.0117%, N: 0.0082% and the balance of Fe and impurities.
7. The sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite free-cutting steel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the free-cutting steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.04-0.05%, Mn: 1.15-1.30%, S: 0.28 to 0.32%, Si: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.090 percent, Bi: 0.02-0.03%, Te: 0.02-0.03%, Pb: 0.22 to 0.24% of Altot：≤0.005%、T[O]: 0.008-0.015%, N: 0.002-0.010% and the balance of Fe and impurities.
8. The sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite free-cutting steel as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: the free-cutting steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.04%, Mn: 1.23%, S: 0.29%, Si: 0.01%, P: 0.052%、Bi：0.025%、Te：0.027%、Pb：0.238%、Altot：≤0.005%、T[O]: 0.0106%, N: 0.0077% and the balance of Fe and impurities.
9. The sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite free-cutting steel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the free-cutting steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.06-0.07%, Mn: 1.10-1.15%, S: 0.31 to 0.36%, Si: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.090 percent, Bi: 0.01-0.02% of Te: 0.01-0.02%, Pb: 0.23 to 0.25% of Altot：≤0.005%、T[O]: 0.008-0.015%, N: 0.002-0.010% and the balance of Fe and impurities.
10. The sulfur-lead-bismuth-tellurium composite free-cutting steel as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: the free-cutting steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.06%, Mn: 1.14%, S: 0.33%, Si: 0.02%, P: 0.058%, Bi: 0.018%, Te: 0.015%, Pb: 0.242% of Altot：≤0.005%、T[O]: 0.0097%, N: 0.0093%, and the balance of Fe and impurities.
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Cited By (1)
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