CN111647807B - High-alloy die steel and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
High-alloy die steel and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111647807B CN111647807B CN202010419666.6A CN202010419666A CN111647807B CN 111647807 B CN111647807 B CN 111647807B CN 202010419666 A CN202010419666 A CN 202010419666A CN 111647807 B CN111647807 B CN 111647807B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/56—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high alloy die steel and a preparation process thereof, wherein the high alloy die steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.5-2.3%, Si: 0.23-0.38%, Mn: 0.15-0.35%, Cr: 3.15-7.45%, V: 3.12-4.28%, B: 0.01 to 0.03%, Zr: 0.01-0.03%, Ni: 0.15-0.38 percent of the total weight of the die steel, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements, the invention adds metal elements such as Zr, B and the like by adjusting the chemical components of the prior high alloy die steel, and limits the proportion of each component, so that the high alloy die steel has certain hardness and toughness, the hardness of the high alloy die steel prepared by the invention is 64-69HRC, and the impact toughness is 45-51ak(J/cm2) The steel is higher than the commercially available Cr12 type steel, and has certain application value in the field of die steel production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a die steel, in particular to a high-alloy die steel.
Background
At present, the quality of a plurality of industrial products is improved, the production efficiency is improved, the cost of the products is reduced, and the updating speed of the products depends on the factors of the manufacturing precision, the quality, the manufacturing period, the production cost, the service life and the like of a die to a certain extent. For example, about 80% of parts of household appliances are processed by molds, and about 70% of parts in the electromechanical industry are molded by molds. With the rapid development of the mold manufacturing industry in the world, mold steels which are the basis of the mold industry have been developed rapidly in recent years.
Die steel is a steel grade used for manufacturing dies such as cold stamping dies, hot forging dies, die casting dies and the like. The steel can be roughly classified into cold-rolled die steel, hot-rolled die steel and plastic die steel. Has high hardness, strength, wear resistance, sufficient toughness, and high hardenability, and other processing properties. The die steel with high alloy content has the advantages of high wear resistance, red hardness, purity and the like.
In the prior art, common high-alloy die steels, namely high-carbon high-chromium cold-work die steels Crl2 and Crl2MoV, have high hardenability, wear resistance and good high-temperature oxidation resistance, so that the die steel is widely applied to manufacturing dies with various purposes, such as punching female dies with complex shapes, cold extrusion dies, rolling threaded wheels, cold shearing knives, precision measuring tools and the like. However, this kind of die steel belongs to ledeburite steel, because the steel contains a lot of carbide forming elements such as Cr, Mo, V, etc., a lot of eutectic carbides will be formed in the solidification and eutectoid transformation process, resulting in poor thermoplasticity of the steel, surface cracks will easily appear in the forging process, which is reflected in high hardness and insufficient toughness in mechanical properties, and only some cold-working dies with low toughness requirement can be manufactured. Therefore, further improvements are needed in order to increase both hardness and toughness.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides high-alloy die steel and a preparation process thereof.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a high alloy die steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
c: 1.5-2.3%, Si: 0.23-0.38%, Mn: 0.15-0.35%, Cr: 3.15-7.45%, V: 3.12-4.28%, B: 0.01 to 0.03%, Zr: 0.01-0.03%, Ni: 0.15-0.38%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
Preferably, the high alloy die steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 1.7-2.1%, Si: 0.26 to 0.29%, Mn: 0.21-0.31%, Cr: 4.45-6.15%, V: 3.72-3.48%, B: 0.02 to 0.03%, Zr: 0.01-0.02%, Ni: 0.21-0.32%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
Preferably, C is 1.85%, Si is 0.32%, Mn is 0.27%, Cr is 5.44%, V is 3.78%, B is 0.02%, Zr is 0.01%, and Ni is 0.28%.
Further, the invention provides a preparation process of the high alloy die steel, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing materials according to the mass percentage of the components contained in the high-alloy die steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace to obtain primary molten steel, and then carrying out vacuum degassing to obtain high-purity molten steel;
(2) casting high-purity molten steel at 1300 ℃ of 1200-;
(3) remelting the consumable electrode bar by adopting a vacuum consumable remelting furnace, wherein the remelting voltage is 60-65V, and the current is 10000-11000A, so as to obtain a steel ingot; annealing the steel ingot at the constant temperature of 650 plus 740 ℃ for 10-15h, and forging at the temperature of 1000 plus 1100 ℃ to obtain a forged material;
(4) annealing the forged material at the temperature of 650-800 ℃ for 10-14h to obtain the high-alloy die steel.
Preferably, the high-purity molten steel is cast at 1250 ℃, annealed at 900 ℃ for 14h, cooled to 350 ℃, and then kept stand and cooled to room temperature to obtain the electroslag rod.
Preferably, the steel ingot is annealed at the constant temperature of 685 ℃ for 13h, and forged at 1100 ℃ to obtain a forged material.
Preferably, the forged material is annealed at 670 ℃ for 14h to obtain the high alloy die steel.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the high alloy die steel test bar prepared by the invention has excellent mechanical properties, wherein the high alloy die steel provided by the third embodiment has the best effect, and the hardness is up to more than 69HRC and the impact toughness is up to 51a under the mixture ratio of 1.85% of C, 0.32% of Si, 0.27% of Mn, 5.44% of Cr, 3.78% of V, 0.02% of B, 0.01% of Zr, 0.28% of Ni and the balance of Fe by mass percentagek(J/cm2)。
(2) According to the invention, by adjusting the chemical components of the existing high-alloy die steel, adding metal elements such as Zr and B, and limiting the proportion of each component, the high-alloy die steel has certain hardness and toughness, the hardness of the high-alloy die steel prepared by the method is 64-69HRC, and the impact toughness is 45-51ak(J/cm2) Are all higher than those sold on the marketThe Cr12 type steel has certain application value in the field of die steel production.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the specific material ratios, process conditions and results thereof described in the examples are illustrative only and should not be taken as limiting the invention as detailed in the claims.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a high alloy die steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 1.5-2.3%, Si: 0.23-0.38%, Mn: 0.15-0.35%, Cr: 3.15-7.45%, V: 3.12-4.28%, B: 0.01 to 0.03%, Zr: 0.01-0.03%, Ni: 0.15-0.38%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
In the embodiment, the preparation process of the high alloy die steel comprises the following specific steps: preparing materials according to the mass percentage of the components contained in the high-alloy die steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace to obtain primary molten steel, and then carrying out vacuum degassing to obtain high-purity molten steel; casting high-purity molten steel at 1200 ℃, annealing at 865 ℃ for 13h, cooling to 300 ℃, standing and cooling to room temperature to obtain an electric slag rod; remelting the consumable electrode bar by adopting a vacuum consumable remelting furnace, wherein the remelting voltage is 60V, and the current is 10000A, so that a steel ingot is obtained; annealing the steel ingot at the constant temperature of 650 ℃ for 10 hours, and forging at the temperature of 1000 ℃ to obtain a forged material; and annealing the forged material at 650 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain the high-alloy die steel.
Example two:
a high alloy die steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 1.7%, Si: 0.26%, Mn: 0.21%, Cr: 4.45%, V: 3.72%, B: 0.02%, Zr: 0.01%, Ni: 0.21%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
In the embodiment, the preparation process of the high alloy die steel comprises the following specific steps: preparing materials according to the mass percentage of the components contained in the high-alloy die steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace to obtain primary molten steel, and then carrying out vacuum degassing to obtain high-purity molten steel; casting high-purity molten steel at 1215 ℃, annealing at 884 ℃ for 13-15h, cooling to 410 ℃, standing and cooling to room temperature to obtain an electric slag rod; remelting the consumable electrode bar by adopting a vacuum consumable remelting furnace, wherein the remelting voltage is 61V, and the current is 10000A, so that a steel ingot is obtained; annealing the steel ingot at 670 ℃ for 12h at constant temperature, and forging at 1000 ℃ to obtain a forged material; and annealing the forged material at 675 ℃ for 13h to obtain the high-alloy die steel.
Example three:
a high alloy die steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 1.85%, Si: 0.32%, Mn: 0.27%, Cr: 5.44%, V: 3.78%, B: 0.02%, Zr: 0.01%, Ni: 0.28%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
In the embodiment, the preparation process of the high alloy die steel comprises the following specific steps: preparing materials according to the mass percentage of the components contained in the high-alloy die steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace to obtain primary molten steel, and then carrying out vacuum degassing to obtain high-purity molten steel; casting high-purity molten steel at 1250 ℃, annealing at 900 ℃ for 14h, cooling to 350 ℃, standing and cooling to room temperature to obtain an electric slag rod; remelting the consumable electrode bar by adopting a vacuum consumable remelting furnace, wherein the remelting voltage is 62V, and the current is 11000A, so as to obtain a steel ingot; annealing the steel ingot at 685 ℃ for 13h at constant temperature, and forging at 1100 ℃ to obtain a forged material; and (3) annealing the forged material at 670 ℃ for 14h to obtain the high-alloy die steel.
Example four:
a high alloy die steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.7-2.1%, Si: 0.29%, Mn: 0.31%, Cr: 6.15%, V: 3.48%, B: 0.03%, Zr: 0.02%, Ni: 0.32%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
In the embodiment, the preparation process of the high alloy die steel comprises the following specific steps: preparing materials according to the mass percentage of the components contained in the high-alloy die steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace to obtain primary molten steel, and then carrying out vacuum degassing to obtain high-purity molten steel; casting high-purity molten steel at 1280 ℃, annealing at 900 ℃ for 14.5h, cooling to 525 ℃, standing and cooling to room temperature to obtain a electroslag rod; remelting the consumable electrode bar by adopting a vacuum consumable remelting furnace, wherein the remelting voltage is 65V, and the current is 11000A to obtain a steel ingot; annealing the steel ingot at the constant temperature of 720 ℃ for 13h, and forging at 1050 ℃ to obtain a forged material; and annealing the forged material at 780 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the high-alloy die steel.
Example five:
a high alloy die steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
c: 2.3%, Si: 0.38%, Mn: 0.35%, Cr: 7.45%, V: 4.28%, B: 0.03%, Zr: 0.03%, Ni: 0.38%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
In the embodiment, the preparation process of the high alloy die steel comprises the following specific steps: preparing materials according to the mass percentage of the components contained in the high-alloy die steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace to obtain primary molten steel, and then carrying out vacuum degassing to obtain high-purity molten steel; casting high-purity molten steel at 1300 ℃, annealing at 910 ℃ for 15h, cooling to 550 ℃, standing and cooling to room temperature to obtain a slag rod; remelting the consumable electrode bar by adopting a vacuum consumable remelting furnace, wherein the remelting voltage is 65V, and the current is 11000A to obtain a steel ingot; annealing the steel ingot at 740 ℃ for 15h at constant temperature, and forging at 1100 ℃ to obtain a forged material; and annealing the forged material at 800 ℃ for 14h to obtain the high-alloy die steel.
Example six: the high alloy die steels of examples one to five were cast into test bars and their mechanical properties were measured and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: mechanical properties of high alloy die steel test bars of examples one to five
| Serial number | Hardness HRC | Impact toughness ak(J/cm2) |
| Example one | 66 | 50 |
| Example two | 64 | 49 |
| EXAMPLE III | 69 | 51 |
| Example four | 67.5 | 47 |
| EXAMPLE five | 66.5 | 45 |
| Commercially available Cr12 shaped steel | 65 | 45 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the high alloy die steel test bars prepared in the first to fifth examples of the present invention have superior mechanical properties compared to the commercially available Cr12 steel, wherein the high alloy die steel provided in the third example has the best effect, the hardness thereof is up to 69HRC or more, and the impact toughness thereof is up to 51ak(J/cm2)。
In conclusion, the high alloy die steel prepared by the invention has the hardness of 64-69HRC and the impact toughness of 45-51a and the like, and simultaneously has certain hardness and toughness by adjusting the chemical components of the existing high alloy die steel, adding metal elements such as Zr, B and the like and limiting the proportion of each componentk(J/cm2) The steel is higher than the commercially available Cr12 type steel, and has certain application value in the field of die steel production.
Claims (4)
1. A high alloy die steel is characterized in that: the alloy comprises the following components, by mass, 1.85% of C, 0.32% of Si, 0.27% of Mn, 5.44% of Cr, 3.78% of V, 0.02% of B, 0.01% of Zr, 0.28% of Ni, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements;
the preparation process of the high alloy die steel comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing materials according to the mass percentage of the components contained in the high-alloy die steel, smelting in an electric arc furnace to obtain primary molten steel, and then carrying out vacuum degassing to obtain high-purity molten steel;
(2) casting high-purity molten steel at 1200-1300 ℃, annealing at 865-910 ℃ for 13-15h, cooling to 300-550 ℃, standing and cooling to room temperature to obtain an electrode rod;
(3) remelting the consumable electrode bar by adopting a vacuum consumable remelting furnace, wherein the remelting voltage is 60-65V, and the current is 10000-11000A, so as to obtain a steel ingot; annealing the steel ingot at the constant temperature of 650 plus 740 ℃ for 10-15h, and forging at the temperature of 1000 plus 1100 ℃ to obtain a forged material;
(4) annealing the forged material at the temperature of 650-800 ℃ for 10-14h to obtain the high-alloy die steel.
2. The high alloy die steel according to claim 1, wherein: in the preparation process of the high alloy die steel, the steel ingot is annealed at the constant temperature of 685 ℃ for 13h, and forged at 1100 ℃ to obtain a forged material.
3. The high alloy die steel according to claim 1, wherein: in the preparation process of the high alloy die steel, the forged material is annealed at 670 ℃ for 14h to obtain the high alloy die steel.
4. The high alloy die steel according to claim 1, wherein: in the preparation process of the high-alloy die steel, high-purity molten steel is cast at 1250 ℃, annealed at 900 ℃ for 14h, cooled to 350 ℃, and then kept stand and cooled to room temperature to obtain the electrode bar.
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| JP5858254B2 (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2016-02-10 | ソニー株式会社 | Method and apparatus for real-time conversion of 2D content to 3D content |
| CN106148809A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-23 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of high-elongation mould steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN106148808A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-23 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of cold work die steel and preparation method thereof |
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| JPS5858254A (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1983-04-06 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Alloy steel |
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| JPH05311335A (en) * | 1992-05-12 | 1993-11-22 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Sleeve roll |
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| JP5858254B2 (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2016-02-10 | ソニー株式会社 | Method and apparatus for real-time conversion of 2D content to 3D content |
| CN106148809A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-23 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of high-elongation mould steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN106148808A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-23 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of cold work die steel and preparation method thereof |
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Denomination of invention: A High Alloy Die Steel and Its Preparation Process Effective date of registration: 20230912 Granted publication date: 20220304 Pledgee: Bank of China Limited Zhangshu sub branch Pledgor: Zhangshu Xinglonggao New Materials Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980056538 |