CN1219903C - Free machining structural steel of containing stannum - Google Patents
Free machining structural steel of containing stannum Download PDFInfo
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- CN1219903C CN1219903C CN 03122768 CN03122768A CN1219903C CN 1219903 C CN1219903 C CN 1219903C CN 03122768 CN03122768 CN 03122768 CN 03122768 A CN03122768 A CN 03122768A CN 1219903 C CN1219903 C CN 1219903C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to free cutting structural steel containing tin, which is capable of replacing lead treated steel and is widely used for machine processing industry. The present invention belongs to the technical field of ferrous alloys. The present invention is characterized in that tin (0.09 to 0.25 wt. %) with high contents is added in steel. Steel compositions have the ranges: 0.05 to 0.50 wt. % of carbon, 0 to 0.4 wt. % of silicon, 0.3 to 2.0 wt. % of manganese, 0 to 2.0 wt. % of chromium, 0.005 to 0.35 wt. % of sulfur, 0.005 to 0.050 wt. % of phosphorus, 0.09 to 0.25 wt. % of tin, 0.001 to 0.010 wt. % of oxygen and ferrum as the rest. Test results indicate that the series tin containing free cutting steel of the present invention is capable of better carrying out heat processing and is easy to operate during hot rolling compared with free cutting steel with high sulfur contents. The present invention has the advantages of superior comprehensive mechanical properties at room temperature, superior tensile strength in a hot rolling state, quenching and tempering states and a cooling drawn state, plasticity, hardness, impact resistant properties, etc. Cutting processing properties are superior to lead treated steel with high sulfur contents, and the service life of cutting tools can be greatly prolonged. Cutting surface smoothness and cutting scrap shape reach requirements of precision processing at high speed. Users have favourable impression on the present invention.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention is serial stanniferous easy-to-cut structural steel, and it can substitute Lead Treated Steel, is widely used at mechanical industry.The invention belongs to the technical field of ferrous alloy.
Background technology
Free-cutting steel now is mainly used in machinery manufacturing industry such as automotive industry, instrument, standardized component.Whole world year consumption at present surpasses 4,000,000 tons, and wherein half is produced by the U.S., Japan.China's free-cutting steel demand was about 40～500,000 tons in 2000, and only more than 30,000 ton of China's annual production needs a large amount of imports.Along with the development of China's modernization industry, the free-cutting steel market potential is huge.
Existing free-cutting steel kind mainly is to add easily cutting element formation in 0.10%～0.50% carbon steel series.The most widely used easy cutting element is sulphur and lead.And sulphur and lead and easy-cutting steel have limitation separately.The doctor positive free-cutting steel only is applicable to the less demanding parts of comprehensive mechanical property is used because of a large amount of existence of manganese sulfide inclusion; Every better performances of lead and easy-cutting steel, but plumbous toxicity is bigger, and volatile, production and use lead and easy-cutting steel are bigger to the pollution of environment.Therefore, just become the important topic of free-cutting steel development with the close but nontoxic element substitution lead of other and plumbous performance.
The U.S. has developed a kind of with the free-cutting steel of tin for lead, and will put goods on the market.The mechanical property and the Lead Treated Steel of this cutting steel are basic identical, are easier to cutting, are more conducive to environment and are easy to smelt.These environmentfriendly products have been applied for United States Patent (USP) " Tin-bearingfree-machining steel " (US 5961747, Oct.5,1999).Chemical ingredients (weight percent content) scope that their patent requires is: carbon: 0～0.25, copper: 0～0.5, manganese: 0.01～2, oxygen: 0.003～0.03, sulphur: 0.002-0.8, tin: 0.04-0.08, aluminium: 0～0.005, nitrogen: 0～0.015, phosphorus: 0.01～0.15, silicon: 0～0.05, manganese sulphur ratio is 2.9～3.4 simultaneously, the total amount of sulphur, tin and copper is no more than 0.9.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, develop a series of high performance stanniferous easy-to-cut structural steels, progressively to substitute widely used in the market sulphur free-cutting steel and Lead Treated Steel, thereby it is many to overcome the high sulfur free-cutting steel inclusion, the problem that lead easily worked the mischief to environment and HUMAN HEALTH when the seriously polluted and Lead Treated Steel smelting of air, processing and steel reclaimed during smelting.To guarantee that simultaneously this class free-cutting steel has following characteristics:
1, can carry out normal hot-work and cold working and not produce cracking.
2, has good comprehensive mechanical properties under the room temperature.Every performance index of hot rolling attitude, cold drawn attitude and quenched and tempered state satisfy and are better than the performance requriements of the corresponding carbon content free-cutting steel of regulation among the GB GB8731-88 " easy-to-cut structural steel technical qualification ".
3, cutting ability meets or exceeds the level of common free-cutting steel.
4, cost increases less.Calculate by present market list price, produce tin-containing free cutting steel and compare with straight carbon steel, the ton steel increases by 70～110 yuan of cost of alloy.And compare with existing high-quality steel converter production technique, can save desulfurization process such as hot metal pretreatment.
According to test-results of the present invention, reach the requirement of above-mentioned hot workability, comprehensive mechanical property and cutting ability, the optimum chemical composition of common serial stanniferous easy-to-cut structural steel (weight percent content) scope is: carbon: 0.08～0.50, silicon :≤0.3, manganese: 0.5～1.0, sulphur 0.02～0.04, phosphorus: 0.015～0.035, tin: 0.09～0.25, oxygen :≤0.006, iron surplus.
Desired composition range and wherein cited obvious different being of steel grade in steel grade provided by the invention and the United States Patent (USP) " Tin-bearing free-machiningsteel ":
1, tin content is improved largely, with the main adding elements of tin as the cutting ability of improving steel.
2, sulphur and phosphorus content have all had minimizing in essence, and composition range fixes on the middle upper limit of straight carbon steel normal contents, and is easy to implement on industrial production, and steel inclusion obviously reduces simultaneously.
3, carbon content carbon from low-carbon (LC) expands to has always so had the substitute of all free-cutting steels of listing on the GB GB8731-88 " easy-to-cut structural steel technical qualification " number.
Think on the described United States Patent (USP) that tin content surpasses 0.08%, will be difficult to hot-work.And we notice in the related steel grade of this patent, and sulfur-bearing, phosphorus amount are generally very high, and some also contain higher copper, and these elements also are disadvantageous to the thermoplasticity of steel.In composition design of the present invention, the content reduction with these elements improves tin content again, proves that through thermal modeling test and forging, hot rolled type approval test hot workability is good.
Also developed the super free-cutting steel of the high tin of low carbon high sulfur in addition, its composition (weight percent content) scope is: carbon: 0.12～0.17, and silicon: 0～0.3, manganese: 0.8～1.4, sulphur: 0.25～0.35, phosphorus: 0.015～0.045, tin: 0.13～0.17, oxygen: 0.001～0.010, iron surplus.This super free-cutting steel is because manganese sulfide inclusion content is higher, and it is not too abominable to be suitable for stress condition, and course of processing complexity, the very high component of accuracy requirement use.
Integrate, the chemical ingredients of the serial tin-containing free cutting steel that the present invention relates to (weight percent content) scope is:
Carbon: 0.05～0.50, silicon: 0～0.4, manganese: 0.3～2.0, chromium: 0～2.0, sulphur: 0.005～0.35, phosphorus: 0.005～0.050, tin: 0.09～0.25, oxygen: 0.001～0.010, iron surplus.
Tin-containing free cutting steel of the present invention can be with converter or electrosmelting, the same substantially straight carbon steel of smelting technology.Tin can add in ladle, and fully stirs.Test shows that continuous casting throwing temperature surpasses 950 ℃ can guarantee not occur cracking phenomena.Hot rolled heating and start rolling temperature are answered a little higher than corresponding straight carbon steel, and finishing temperature is more than 900 ℃.
Tin improves the mechanism of machinability, the results showed poly-relevant partially at ferritic crystal boundary with tin.With field emission scanning electron microscope tin is done line sweep, confirmed tin gathering partially at crystal boundary.Tin is in the poly-partially obvious decline that has caused in the plasticity of machining temperature range (200～500 ℃) steel of crystal boundary.
Test-results shows, serial tin-containing free cutting steel of the present invention can carry out hot-work preferably, and is more easy to operate than high sulfur free-cutting steel during hot rolling; Have good room temperature comprehensive mechanical property, indexs such as the tensile strength of hot rolling attitude, quenched and tempered state and cold drawn attitude and plasticity, hardness, impact property all are better than the index of the free-cutting steel of the corresponding carbon content of regulation among the State Standard of the People's Republic of China GB 8731-88 " easy-to-cut structural steel technical qualification "; Machinability is better than the high-sulfur Lead Treated Steel, can improve cutter life greatly, and cutting surface smooth finish and smear metal shape also all can reach the requirement of high speed and precision processing, uses reflection good through the user.
Embodiment
1. the chemical ingredients of several typical tin-containing free cutting steels
Table 1 is the chemical ingredients of several typical tin-containing free cutting steel of the present invention and super free-cutting steel experimental steel.
Table 1 contains the chemical ingredients (weight percent content) of Sn free-cutting steel
| Grade of steel | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Sn |
| The basis steel | 0.09 | ＜0.1 | 0.79 | ＜0.01 | 0.033 | -- |
| Y10Sn | 0.11 | ＜0.1 | 0.90 | ＜0.01 | 0.035 | 0.095 |
| Y15Sn | 0.17 | ＜0.1 | 0.96 | ＜0.01 | 0.040 | 0.20 |
| Y15Sn * | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.51 | 0.017 | 0.030 | 0.18 |
| Y20Sn | 0.21 | ＜0.1 | 0.74 | 0.017 | 0.037 | 0.21 |
| Y30Sn * | 0.28 | 0.23 | 0.60 | 0.025 | 0.019 | 0.15 |
| Y45Sn * | 0.47 | 0.34 | 0.62 | 0.027 | 0.031 | 0.14 |
| Y15SnS | 0.16 | ＜0.1 | 1.36 | 0.036 | 0.28 | 0.15 |
Annotate: add
*Steel in antivacuum intermediate frequency furnace, to smelt, all the other are smelted in vacuum induction furnace.
2. forge the room-temperature mechanical property of attitude, hot rolling attitude and cold drawn attitude
They forge into base behind ingot casting.The room-temperature mechanical property that forges attitude sees Table 2.
Table 2 contains the room-temperature mechanical property (forging attitude) of Sn free-cutting steel
| Grade of steel | Yield strength σ s(MPa) | Tensile strength sigma b(MPa) | Elongation δ 5(％) | Relative reduction in area ψ (%) |
| The basis steel | 295 | 390 | 34 | 75 |
| Y10Sn | 285 | 415 | 38 | 72 |
| Y15Sn | 315 | 475 | 33 | 68 |
| Y15Sn * | 405 | 525 | 33.5 | |
| Y20Sn | 460 | 575 | 23.5 |
| Y30Sn | 420 | 610 | 31 | |
| Y45Sn | 500 | 825 | 20 | |
| Y15SnS | 385 | 525 | 31 |
Three kinds of steel of Y15Sn2, Y30Sn and Y45Sn wherein, be swaged into 90 * 90 * 1800 and 110 * 110 * 1800 base respectively after, be rolled into the pole of φ 32, part is again through the pole of cold drawn one-tenth φ 30.The room-temperature property of hot rolling attitude and cold drawn attitude sees Table 3 and table 4.
Table 3 contains the mechanical property (hot rolling attitude) of Sn free-cutting steel
| Grade of steel | State | Yield strength σ s(MPa) | Tensile strength sigma b(MPa) | Elongation δ 5(％) | Relative reduction in area ψ (%) | Ballistic work A KVJ | Brinell hardness HBS |
| Y15Sn * | Hot rolling | 395 | 550 | 29.5 | 49.0 | 143 | |
| Y30Sn | Hot rolling | 390 | 565 | 30.0 | 54.0 | 149 | |
| Y30Sn | Modified | 440 | 630 | 28.5 | 70.5 | 99.3 | |
| Y45Sn | Hot rolling | 475 | 730 | 22.0 | 38.5 | 156 | |
| Y45Sn | Modified | 685 | 860 | 23.0 | 56.5 | 121.7 |
Table 4 contains the cold drawn material mechanical property of Sn free cutting steel
| Grade of steel | Specification mm | Tensile strength sigma b(MPa) | Elongation δ 5(％) | Relative reduction in area ψ (%) | Brinell hardness HBS |
| Y15Sn * | φ30 | 540 | 21.5 | 61.0 | 167 |
| Y30Sn | 650 | 14.0 | 58.0 | 174 | |
| Y45Sn | 780 | 14.0 | 45.0 | 231 |
Above index all meets the requirement of corresponding carbon content free-cutting steel among the State Standard of the People's Republic of China GB 8731-88 " easy-to-cut structural steel technical qualification ", and has all compared big surplus capacity with its lower value.
3. cutting ability test
Test for machinability is carried out in Beijing Institute of Technology Study of Cutting chamber, and the C exponential measuring method of describing on test method that they adopt and the United States Patent (USP) is very approaching, thereby should have comparability between data.
Test principle:
Use the YT14 inserted tool, be determined under the different rate of cutting, 4 groups of data of used time (the chip volume amount of also cutting) when making tool abrasion reach 0.30mm, obtaining a V60 value through make straight line on log-log coordinates after (is that tool life T is when being decided to be 60 minutes, the cutting speed that is allowed), compare with the V60 value of 45# normalized steel again, obtain the machinability rating Kr value of test materials.They are made as 1 with the index of 45# steel.We do contrast with basic steel simultaneously, not only can obtain absolute performance number, can obtain the relative performance value again.
Machining condition:
The stepless change lathe is done cutting
The amount of feed: 0.19mm/r
Monolateral depth of cut: 1mm
Select four speed among cutting speed: 100m/min, 120m/min, 130m/min, 135m/min, 140m/min, 150m/min, the 170m/min.
Billet size: φ 130 * 400
Table 5 is processibility coefficient V60 values of several typical general carbon series tin-containing free cutting steel of mensuration.
Table 5 contains the processibility coefficient table of Sn free-cutting steel
| The basis steel | Y10Sn | Y15Sn | Y15Sn * | Y30Sn | Y45Sn | |
| V60 | 76 | 133 | 140 | 160 | 164 | 158 |
Can see that from test-results behind the adding Sn, the cutting ability of steel has obtained obvious improvement, as contains the higher steel (Y15Sn of Sn in the soft steel
*Steel), compare with basic steel, the machining property coefficient has improved 110%.According to test results published on the United States Patent (USP), their basic steel (1018 steel) C index is 66, and the free cutting steel of sulf onyl (1215 steel) is 90-127, and the leaded free cutting steel of doctor positive (12L14) is 121-125, and high-sulfur stanniferous free cutting steel is 126-142.The machinability increase rate of comparing with basic steel by our test steel 110% converts in the past Y15Sn
*Steel is equivalent to C index 139 approximately.Explanation just can make the processing characteristics of carbon steel meet or exceed leaded free cutting steel of high-sulfur and high-sulfur stanniferous free cutting steel keeping only adding tin under the low-phosphorous situation of low-sulfur.
The employing of free-cutting steel can increase the work-ing life of cutter greatly.The results are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 contain the Sn free-cutting steel tool life T (minute) (VB=0.30mm)
| Cutting speed (m/min) | 120 | 130 | 135 | 140 | 150 | 170 |
| The basis steel | 31 | 26 | 22 | 20 | ||
| Y10Sn | 96 | 83 | 41 | 24 | ||
| Y15Sn | 168 | 48 | 41 | |||
| Y15Sn * | 130 | 86 | 81 | 51 | ||
| Y15SnS | 142 |
The Y15SnS steel is under the cutting speed of 170m/min, and tool life compares Y15Sn
*Steel has improved nearly twice again, can reach the level of super free-cutting steel fully.
On the surface smoothness of cutting, contain the Sn free-cutting steel and obviously be better than basic steel.From smear metal in shape, all test steel all produce very short C shape bits under slow cutting (100-135m/min) condition, and under higher speed cutting (150-170m/min) condition, contain the Sn Steel Chips and be bigger C shape bits and some spiral shells volume bits, more banded bits then appear in basic steel.Generally speaking, the working angles stationarity of this free-cutting steel and the roughness of workpiece surface are all better, are fit to the needs of producing in batches.The smear metal shape also with the data of other free-cutting steel in introduce identical, this smear metal is easy to the recovery of process operation and smear metal.
Claims (1)
1. stanniferous easy-to-cut structural steel, it is characterized in that: the weight percent content of described tin-containing free cutting steel chemical ingredients is: carbon: 0.05～0.50, silicon: 0～0.4, manganese: 0.3～2.0, chromium: 0～2.0, sulphur: 0.005～0.35, phosphorus: 0.005～0.050, tin: 0.09～0.25, oxygen: 0.001～0.010, iron surplus.
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| CN 03122768 CN1219903C (en) | 2003-04-22 | 2003-04-22 | Free machining structural steel of containing stannum |
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| CN 03122768 CN1219903C (en) | 2003-04-22 | 2003-04-22 | Free machining structural steel of containing stannum |
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| CN1219903C true CN1219903C (en) | 2005-09-21 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102319736A (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2012-01-18 | 首钢总公司 | A kind of milling method of stanniferous easy-to-cut structural steel |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101386031B (en) * | 2007-09-10 | 2010-07-21 | 南京南钢产业发展有限公司 | Rolling technique of lead treated steel |
| RU2470086C1 (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2012-12-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Южно-Уральский государственный университет" (национальный исследовательский университет) (ФГБОУ ВПО "ЮУрГУ" (НИУ)) | Medium-carbon chrome-molybdenum steel with better machinability |
| RU2467088C1 (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2012-11-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Южно-Уральский государственный университет" (национальный исследовательский университет) (ФГБОУ ВПО "ЮУрГУ" (НИУ)) | Low-alloy chromium steel of higher machinability |
| RU2511008C1 (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2014-04-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Южно-Уральский государственный университет" (национальный исследовательский университет) (ФГБОУ ВПО "ЮУрГУ" (НИУ)) | Intermediate-carbon structural steel of high cutting processibility |
| RU2514552C1 (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2014-04-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Южно-Уральский государственный университет" (национальный исследовательский университет) (ФГБОУ ВПО "ЮУрГУ" (НИУ)) | Medium-carbon alloyed steel of higher machinability |
| CN106978570B (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-10-26 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of automatic steel and preparation method containing compared with high tin content |
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2003
- 2003-04-22 CN CN 03122768 patent/CN1219903C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102319736A (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2012-01-18 | 首钢总公司 | A kind of milling method of stanniferous easy-to-cut structural steel |
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Address after: 100041 Shougang general office, Shijingshan District, Beijing Patentee after: SHOUGANG GROUP Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100041 Shougang general office, Shijingshan District, Beijing Patentee before: SHOUGANG Corp. |
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