CN115041690A - Preparation method of high-speed steel for cutter - Google Patents

Preparation method of high-speed steel for cutter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115041690A
CN115041690A CN202210662504.4A CN202210662504A CN115041690A CN 115041690 A CN115041690 A CN 115041690A CN 202210662504 A CN202210662504 A CN 202210662504A CN 115041690 A CN115041690 A CN 115041690A
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speed steel
atomizing
furnace
pressure
sintering
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CN115041690B (en
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葛学元
范斌
王淼辉
刘恒三
胡启鹏
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China Machinery New Material Research Institute Zhengzhou Co ltd
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China Machinery New Material Research Institute Zhengzhou Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
    • B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
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    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
    • B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
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    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
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    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/007—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Co
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
    • B22F2009/0828—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid with water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of high-speed steel for cutters, which comprises the following steps: adding alloy powder into a medium-frequency induction furnace, and smelting under the protection of argon blowing to obtain an alloy liquid; introducing the alloy liquid into an atomization device under the protection of nitrogen, and preparing powder by adopting a water-gas combined atomization process to obtain alloy powder; adding a binder into the alloy powder, uniformly mixing, and performing hot isostatic pressing forming and compression molding; pre-sintering the green body, and removing the binder in the green body; sintering the pressed compact in vacuum or inert atmosphere by adopting a hot-pressing sintering technology; and carrying out heat treatment on the high-speed steel blank. The high-speed steel prepared by the method has excellent mechanical property, and the hardness, the impact energy and the red hardness of the high-speed steel all meet the processing requirements of the high-speed steel of the cutter.

Description

Preparation method of high-speed steel for cutter
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-speed steel processing, in particular to a preparation method of high-speed steel for a cutter.
Background
High-speed steel, also called high-speed steel, belongs to one of tool steels, is alloy steel with very complex components, generally mainly contains strong carbide forming elements such as W, Mo, Cr, V and the like, and the total amount of the elements can occupy 10-25% of mass fraction. Because the high-speed steel has higher alloy elements, even if an air cooling mode is adopted during quenching, the high-speed steel can realize hardening and is very sharp. The high-speed steel contains high W, Mo element, so that even if high heat (500-. In contrast, the carbon tool steel can obtain higher hardness at room temperature after quenching and low-temperature tempering, but when the temperature is increased to more than 200 ℃, the mechanical property of the carbon tool steel is suddenly reduced to more than 500 ℃, the working condition of the carbon tool steel loses the capability of cutting metal, and the hardness of the carbon tool steel is equivalent to the hardness of the annealed carbon tool steel. High-speed steel has good red hardness, overcomes the fatal defects of carbon tool steel, and is generally used for manufacturing various cutting tools, such as turning tools, cobalt heads, hobs, machine saw blades, high-requirement dies and the like.
The powder metallurgy high-speed steel plays a significant role in high-quality cutting tools due to excellent mechanical properties, no segregation and fine structures, and is particularly suitable for manufacturing large-scale broaches, end mills, hobbing cutters and gear shavers. The powder high-speed steel is high-speed steel obtained by preparing a compact steel billet by a powder metallurgy method and then thermally deforming and thermally treating the compact steel billet, wherein hot isostatic pressing is a key process step in the preparation process of the high-speed steel, and if the yield and the tissue uniformity of the fine powder of the alloy powder prepared in the previous step are good, the pressability of the powder after annealing is poor, and the sintering densification of the subsequent sintering process is not facilitated. Also, boron is currently commonly added to alloy components to increase the firing activity and lower the sintering temperature, thereby increasing the hardenability of the steel. In addition, rare earth elements have the functions of purifying grain boundaries, optimizing the distribution state of steel impurities, improving the hot working state and the like, so boride of the rare earth elements is often added, but excessive addition of boride can cause generation of network-like brittle compounds, and thus the material is overall brittle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of high-speed steel for a cutter, and aims to solve the problem of poor alloy powder pressing property in the preparation process of the conventional high-speed steel.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a preparation method of high-speed steel for cutters, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding alloy powder into a medium-frequency induction furnace, and smelting by blowing argon to obtain an alloy liquid;
(2) under the protection of nitrogen, introducing the alloy liquid into an atomization device, preparing powder by adopting a water-gas combined atomization process, and sequentially acting two media of negative pressure overspeed gas and high pressure atomized water on the alloy column flow to obtain alloy powder;
(3) adding a binder into the alloy powder, uniformly mixing, and adopting hot isostatic pressing for forming and pressing, wherein the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 700-;
(4) pre-sintering the green body obtained in the step (3) to remove the binder in the green body;
(5) sintering the green compact in vacuum or inert atmosphere by adopting a hot-pressing sintering technology, heating the green compact to 1120-1140 ℃, preserving heat for 40-80min, and cooling to obtain a high-speed steel blank with the density of more than 99.3 percent, wherein the sintering pressure is 20-35 MPa;
(6) carrying out heat treatment on the high-speed steel blank: the austenitizing temperature is 1170-1190 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 20-30min, the oil quenching is carried out, the tempering temperature is 530-550 ℃, the tempering is carried out for three times, and each time lasts for 1.5-3 h.
Wherein, the pressure of the negative pressure overspeed gas in the step (2) is 2-8KPa, and the speed is 1-5 Mach.
Wherein the injection pressure of the high-pressure atomized water in the step (2) is 80-100MP a, and the flow rate is 200-300L/min.
Wherein the average grain diameter D50 of the alloy powder prepared in the step (2) is 8.45-9.55 mu m.
Wherein the binder is rosin resin, maleated rosin or polyacrylate.
Wherein the pre-sintering temperature in the step (4) is 700-800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8-12 hours.
Wherein the alloy powder comprises the following components: the alloy powder comprises the following components: c: 0.2-0.4wt%, Ti: 1.5-2.5 wt%, W: 9.0 to 11.0wt%, Mo: 2.0-4.0wt%, Cr: 4.0-6.0wt%, Co: 8.0-9.0wt%, V: 4.0-6.0wt%, Si: 0.2-0.5wt%, LaB 6: 0.05 to 0.15 wt.%, B 4 C: 0.02 to 0.05wt%, BN: 0.01 to 0.02wt%, S: less than or equal to 0.02wt%, P: less than or equal to 0.02wt percent and the balance of Fe.
The atomizing device comprises a melting furnace and an atomizing furnace, wherein the melting furnace is arranged above the atomizing furnace, a heating crucible is arranged in the melting furnace, a transfer crucible is arranged below the heating crucible, the bottom of the transfer crucible is connected with an atomizing nozzle, the top of the atomizing furnace is provided with an atomizing furnace cover body, the center of the atomizing furnace cover body is provided with an atomizing hole, and the atomizing nozzle is positioned in the atomizing hole; the atomization furnace cover body is provided with a negative pressure overspeed gas nozzle and a high pressure atomization water nozzle device.
Wherein, high-pressure atomizing water shower nozzle device includes high-pressure atomizing water shower nozzle, rotary drum fixed block and pull rod, high-pressure atomizing water shower nozzle establishes on the rotary drum, the rotary drum fixed block with atomizing bell body fixed connection, the one end of rotary drum with the rotary drum fixed block rotates to be connected, the other end of rotary drum is equipped with the gear, the lower part of pull rod passes atomizing stove lid, and with atomizing bell body sliding seal connects, the lower part of pull rod be equipped with gear engaged with rack, the top of pull rod is equipped with reverse dog.
Wherein, atomizing nozzle's below is equipped with receiving device, receiving device is including connecing material crucible, slide bar and connecting rod, it is located to connect the material crucible the below of nozzle, the below that connects the material crucible is equipped with connecting rod installation pole, the slide bar passes atomizing furnace's furnace body, and with atomizing furnace's furnace body sliding seal connects, the upper end of slide bar is connected with the piston rod of pneumatic cylinder, the lower extreme of slide bar is equipped with the connecting rod mounting panel, the connecting rod is two, two the both ends of connecting rod are articulated with connecting rod installation pole and connecting rod mounting panel respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the powder is prepared by adopting a water-gas combined atomization process, the average particle size of the prepared powder is 8.45-9.55 mu m, and the yield of fine powder and the tissue uniformity are greatly improved compared with the existing atomized powder. The optimal sintering temperature of the water-gas combined atomized powder is 1130 ℃, the density can reach 99.3%, and the carbide is only 1-2 mu m.
(2) According to the invention, rosin resin, maleated rosin or polyacrylate is added as a binder in the hot isostatic pressing process, so that the compressibility of the alloy powder prepared by the water-gas combined atomization process is improved, the presintering temperature is higher than 500 ℃, the binder does not remain, and the structure and the performance of the high-speed steel are not affected.
(3) The invention adds LaB 6 、B 4 Three borides C and BN, the sintering activity being increased by the addition of these three boridesAnd the sintering temperature is reduced, and the problem of integral brittleness of the material is avoided.
(4) The high-speed steel prepared by the method has excellent mechanical property, and the hardness, the impact energy and the red hardness of the high-speed steel all meet the processing requirements of the high-speed steel of the cutter.
(5) According to the atomizing device, the alloy column flow is acted by the negative pressure overspeed gas and the high pressure atomized water in sequence, and the angle of the high pressure atomized water spray head is adjustable, so that the spraying angle of the water mist is adjustable, and the atomizing effect is further improved; the material receiving crucible is arranged below the atomizing nozzle, so that the metal melt with poor atomizing effect at the central part directly falls into the material receiving crucible, the uniformity of metal powder is improved, and the cyclic utilization of the metal melt is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an atomizing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the high pressure atomizing water nozzle assembly of the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a melting furnace, 2, an atomizing furnace, 3, a heating crucible, 4, an atomizing furnace cover body, 5, an atomizing hole, 6, a high-pressure atomizing water nozzle, 7, a rotary drum, 8, a rotary drum fixing block, 9, a pull rod, 10, a gear, 11, a reverse stop block, 12, a material receiving crucible, 13, a slide rod, 14, a connecting rod, 15, a hydraulic cylinder, 16, a connecting rod mounting rod, 17, a connecting rod mounting plate, 18, an atomizing nozzle and 19, a transfer crucible are arranged.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of high-speed steel for cutters, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding alloy powder into a medium-frequency induction furnace, and smelting by blowing argon to obtain an alloy liquid;
(2) under the protection of nitrogen, introducing alloy liquid into an atomization device, preparing powder by adopting a water-gas combined atomization process, and sequentially acting two media, namely negative-pressure overspeed gas and high-pressure atomized water, on alloy column flow to obtain alloy powder with the average particle size D50 of 8.55 mu m; the pressure of the negative pressure overspeed gas is 5KPa, and the speed is 3 Mach; the injection pressure of the high-pressure atomized water is 90MP a, and the flow rate is 250L/min;
(3) adding rosin resin into the alloy powder, uniformly mixing, and adopting hot isostatic pressing for forming and pressing, wherein the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 750 ℃, the pressure is 250MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 6 min;
(4) pre-sintering the green body obtained in the step (3), wherein the pre-sintering temperature is 750 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10 hours, and removing the binder in the green body;
(5) sintering the green compact in vacuum or inert atmosphere by adopting a hot-pressing sintering technology, heating the green compact to 1130 ℃, preserving heat for 60min, and cooling to obtain a high-speed steel blank with the density of 99.4 percent, wherein the sintering pressure is 28 MPa;
(6) carrying out heat treatment on the high-speed steel blank: the austenitizing temperature is 1180 ℃, the temperature is kept for 25min, oil quenching is carried out, the tempering temperature is 540 ℃, and tempering is carried out for three times, and each time lasts for 2 h.
Wherein the alloy powder comprises the following components: the alloy powder comprises the following components: c: 0.3wt%, Ti: 2.0wt%, W: 10.0wt%, Mo: 3.0wt%, Cr: 5.0wt%, Co: 8.5wt%, V: 5.0wt%, Si: 0.3wt%, LaB 6: 0.09 wt%, B 4 C: 0.04wt%, BN: 0.015wt%, S: less than or equal to 0.02wt%, P: less than or equal to 0.02wt percent and the balance of Fe.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the atomization device of the present embodiment includes a melting furnace 1 and an atomization furnace 2, the melting furnace 1 is disposed above the atomization furnace 2, a heating crucible 3 is disposed in the melting furnace 1, a transfer crucible 19 is disposed below the heating crucible 3, an atomization nozzle 18 is connected to the bottom of the transfer crucible, an atomization furnace cover 4 is disposed on the top of the atomization furnace 2, an atomization hole 5 is disposed in the center of the atomization furnace cover 4, and the atomization nozzle 18 is located in the atomization hole 5; the atomization furnace cover body 4 is provided with a negative pressure overspeed gas nozzle and a high pressure atomization water nozzle 6 device. After the metal raw material is completely melted in the heating crucible, the heating crucible is turned over, so that the molten metal flows into the transfer crucible and is sprayed out by the atomizing nozzle 18, two mediums of negative pressure overspeed gas and high pressure atomized water act on the alloy column flow in sequence, and the alloy column flow is scattered to obtain atomized metal powder, wherein the attached drawing of the invention does not show a negative pressure overspeed gas nozzle.
Wherein, high pressure atomizing water shower nozzle 6 device includes high pressure atomizing water shower nozzle 6, rotary drum 7, rotary drum fixed block 8 and pull rod 9, high pressure atomizing water shower nozzle 6 is established on rotary drum 7, rotary drum fixed block 8 and 4 fixed connection of atomizing bell body, the one end and the rotary drum fixed block 8 of rotary drum 7 rotate to be connected, the other end of rotary drum 7 is equipped with gear 10, atomizing stove lid 4 is passed to the lower part of pull rod 9, and with 4 sliding seal of atomizing bell body be connected, the lower part of pull rod 9 is equipped with the rack with gear 10 engaged with, the top of pull rod 9 is equipped with reverse dog 11. The during operation, the reverse dog 11 of pulling, the realization turns to rotary drum 7, the rotary drum is fixed in rotary drum fixed block 8, be equipped with liquid pipe in the rotary drum 7 simultaneously and hold the chamber in order to install the liquid pipeline, the pulling in-process, high pressure atomized water shower nozzle 6's shape plays spacing effect to a certain extent, can not have endless pulling, the design lies in can realizing fast that there is water smoke and the conversion that does not have water smoke adjusts, adjust injection angle, pull rod 9 rack can be taken out completely, reverse installation, during reverse installation, reverse dog 11 plays and clamps fixed effect
The material receiving device is arranged below the atomizing nozzle 18 and comprises a material receiving crucible 12, a slide rod 13 and two connecting rods 14, the material receiving crucible 12 is located below the nozzle, a connecting rod mounting rod 16 is arranged below the material receiving crucible 12, the slide rod 13 penetrates through the furnace body of the atomizing furnace 2 and is connected with the furnace body of the atomizing furnace 2 in a sliding and sealing mode, the upper end of the slide rod 13 is connected with a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder, a connecting rod mounting plate 17 is arranged at the lower end of the slide rod 13, the number of the connecting rods 14 is two, and two ends of the two connecting rods 14 are hinged to the connecting rod mounting rod 16 and the connecting rod mounting plate 17 respectively. The receiving crucible 12 is arranged below the atomizing nozzle, so that the metal melt with poor atomizing effect at the central part directly falls into the receiving crucible 12, the uniformity of metal powder is improved, and the recycling of the metal melt is facilitated.
The performance of the high-speed steel of the cutter manufactured by the embodiment is detected, and the result is as follows: the bending strength is 4253MPa, the impact energy is 20-26J, and the difference value of the average Rockwell hardness after the red hardness test is 3 HRC.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of high-speed steel for cutters, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding alloy powder into a medium-frequency induction furnace, and smelting under the protection of argon blowing to obtain an alloy liquid;
(2) under the protection of nitrogen, introducing the alloy liquid into an atomization device, preparing powder by adopting a water-gas combined atomization process, and sequentially acting two media, namely negative-pressure overspeed gas and high-pressure atomized water, on the alloy column flow to obtain alloy powder with the average particle size D50 of 8.45 mu m; the pressure of the negative pressure overspeed gas is 8KPa, and the speed is Mach 1; the injection pressure of the high-pressure atomized water is 100MPa, and the flow rate is 200L/min;
(3) adding polyacrylate into the alloy powder, mixing uniformly, and adopting hot isostatic pressing for forming and pressing, wherein the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 700 ℃, the pressure is 300MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 5 min;
(4) pre-sintering the green body obtained in the step (3), wherein the pre-sintering temperature is 700 ℃, the heat preservation time is 12 hours, and removing the binder in the green body;
(5) sintering the green compact in vacuum or inert atmosphere by adopting a hot-pressing sintering technology, heating the green compact to 1120 ℃, preserving heat for 80min, and cooling to obtain a high-speed steel blank with the density of 99.4 percent, wherein the sintering pressure is 20 MPa;
(6) carrying out heat treatment on the high-speed steel blank: austenitizing temperature is 1170 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 30min, oil quenching is carried out, tempering temperature is 530 ℃, tempering is carried out for three times, and each time lasts for 3 h.
Wherein the alloy powder comprises the following components: the alloy powder comprises the following components: c: 0.2wt%, Ti: 2.5 wt%, W: 9.0wt%, Mo: 4.0wt%, Cr: 4.0wt%, Co: 9.0wt%, V: 4.0wt%, Si: 0.5wt%, LaB 6: 0.05wt%, B 4 C: 0.05wt%, BN: 0.01wt%, S: less than or equal to 0.02wt%, P: less than or equal to 0.02wt percent and the balance of Fe.
The atomization device of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, and is not described herein again.
The performance of the high-speed steel of the cutter manufactured by the embodiment is detected, and the result is as follows: the bending strength is 4225MPa, the impact energy is 20-24J, and the difference value of the average Rockwell hardness after the red hardness test is 2 HRC.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of high-speed steel for cutters, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding alloy powder into a medium-frequency induction furnace, and smelting by blowing argon to obtain an alloy liquid;
(2) under the protection of nitrogen, introducing alloy liquid into an atomization device, preparing powder by adopting a water-gas combined atomization process, and sequentially acting two media, namely negative-pressure overspeed gas and high-pressure atomized water, on alloy column flow to obtain alloy powder with the average particle size D50 of 9.55 mu m; the pressure of the negative pressure overspeed gas is 2KPa, and the speed is Mach 5; the injection pressure of the high-pressure atomized water is 80MP a, and the flow rate is 300L/min;
(3) adding polyacrylate into the alloy powder, mixing uniformly, and adopting hot isostatic pressing for forming and pressing, wherein the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 800 ℃, the pressure is 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 10 min;
(4) pre-sintering the green body obtained in the step (3), wherein the pre-sintering temperature is 800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 8 hours, and removing the binder in the green body;
(5) sintering the green compact in vacuum or inert atmosphere by adopting a hot-pressing sintering technology, heating the green compact to 1140 ℃, preserving heat for 40min, and cooling to obtain a high-speed steel blank with the density of 99.8 percent, wherein the sintering pressure is 35 MPa;
(6) carrying out heat treatment on the high-speed steel blank: austenitizing at 1190 deg.c for 30min, oil quenching at 550 deg.c, and tempering for three times each for 1.5 hr.
Wherein the alloy powder comprises the following components: the alloy powder comprises the following components: c: 0.4wt%, Ti: 1.5wt%, W: 11.0wt%, Mo: 2.0wt%, Cr: 6.0wt%, Co: 8.0wt%, V: 6.0wt%, Si: 0.2wt%, LaB 6: 0.15 wt%, B 4 C: 0.02wt%, BN: 0.02wt%, S: less than or equal to 0.02wt%, P: less than or equal to 0.02wt percent and the balance of Fe.
The atomization device of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, and is not described herein again.
The performance of the high-speed steel of the cutter manufactured by the embodiment is detected, and the result is as follows: the bending strength is 4225MPa, the impact energy is 20-25J, and the difference value of the average Rockwell hardness after the red hardness test is 3 HRC.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of high-speed steel for cutters, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding alloy powder into a medium-frequency induction furnace, and smelting by blowing argon to obtain an alloy liquid;
(2) under the protection of nitrogen, introducing alloy liquid into an atomization device, preparing powder by adopting a water-gas combined atomization process, and sequentially acting two media, namely negative-pressure overspeed gas and high-pressure atomized water, on alloy column flow to obtain alloy powder with the average particle size D50 of 9.12 mu m; the pressure of the negative pressure overspeed gas is 6KPa, and the speed is 4 Mach; the injection pressure of the high-pressure atomized water is 95MP a, and the flow rate is 250L/min;
(3) adding maleated rosin into alloy powder, uniformly mixing, and adopting hot isostatic pressing for forming and pressing, wherein the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 760 ℃, the pressure is 240MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 8 min;
(4) pre-sintering the green body obtained in the step (3), wherein the pre-sintering temperature is 780 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10 hours, and removing the binder in the green body;
(5) sintering the green compact in vacuum or inert atmosphere by adopting a hot-pressing sintering technology, heating the green compact to 1130 ℃, preserving heat for 55min, and cooling to obtain a high-speed steel blank with the density of 99.5 percent, wherein the sintering pressure is 30 MPa;
(6) carrying out heat treatment on the high-speed steel blank: the austenitizing temperature is 1180 ℃, the temperature is kept for 25min, oil quenching is carried out, the tempering temperature is 545 ℃, tempering is carried out for three times, the first two times are 1 hour, and the third time is 2 hours.
Wherein the alloy powder comprises the following components: the alloy powder comprises the following components: c: 0.25wt%, Ti: 2.1wt%, W9.5wt%, Mo: 3.5wt%, Cr: 4.5wt%, Co: 8.8wt%, V: 4.5wt%, Si: 0.25wt%, LaB 6: 0.012wt%, B 4 C：0.04 wt%，BN：0.012wt%，S：≤0.02wt%, P: less than or equal to 0.02wt percent and the balance of Fe.
The atomization device of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, and is not described herein again.
The performance of the high-speed steel of the cutter manufactured by the embodiment is detected, and the result is as follows: the bending strength is 4218MPa, the impact energy is 20-28J, and the difference value of the average Rockwell hardness after the red hardness test is 3 HRC.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a preparation method of high-speed steel for cutters, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding alloy powder into a medium-frequency induction furnace, and smelting by blowing argon to obtain an alloy liquid;
(2) under the protection of nitrogen, introducing alloy liquid into an atomization device, preparing powder by adopting a water-gas combined atomization process, and sequentially acting two media, namely negative-pressure overspeed gas and high-pressure atomized water, on alloy column flow to obtain alloy powder with the average particle size D50 of 9.35 mu m; the pressure of the negative pressure overspeed gas is 5KPa, and the speed is Mach 2; the injection pressure of the high-pressure atomized water is 95MP a, and the flow rate is 260L/min;
(3) adding rosin resin into the alloy powder, uniformly mixing, and performing hot isostatic pressing forming and compression forming, wherein the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 750 ℃, the pressure is 250MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 8 min;
(4) pre-sintering the green body obtained in the step (3), wherein the pre-sintering temperature is 760 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10 hours, and removing the binder in the green body;
(5) sintering the green compact in vacuum or inert atmosphere by adopting a hot-pressing sintering technology, heating the green compact to 1130 ℃, preserving heat for 70min, and cooling to obtain a high-speed steel blank with the density of 99.3 percent, wherein the sintering pressure is 32 MPa;
(6) carrying out heat treatment on the high-speed steel blank: the austenitizing temperature is 1180 ℃, the temperature is kept for 25min, oil quenching is carried out, the tempering temperature is 540 ℃, and tempering is carried out for three times, wherein each time lasts for 3 h.
Wherein the alloy powder comprises the following components: the alloy powder comprises the following components: c: 0.3wt%, Ti: 1.8 wt%, W: 10.1wt%, Mo: 3.2wt%, Cr: 5.2wt%, Co: 8.3wt%, V: 5.5wt%, Si: 0.35wt%, LaB 6: 0.09 wt%, B 4 C: 0.04wt%, BN: 0.012wt%, S: less than or equal to 0.02wt%, P: less than or equal to 0.02wt percent and the balance of Fe.
The atomization device of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, and is not described herein again.
The performance of the high-speed steel of the cutter manufactured by the embodiment is detected, and the result is as follows: the bending strength is 4235MPa, the impact energy is 20-25J, and the difference value of the average Rockwell hardness after the red hardness test is 3 HRC.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The preparation method of the high-speed steel for the cutter is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) adding alloy powder into a medium-frequency induction furnace, and smelting by blowing argon to obtain an alloy liquid;
(2) under the protection of nitrogen, introducing the alloy liquid into an atomization device, preparing powder by adopting a water-gas combined atomization process, and sequentially acting two media of negative pressure overspeed gas and high pressure atomized water on the alloy column flow to obtain alloy powder;
(3) adding a binder into the alloy powder, uniformly mixing, and adopting hot isostatic pressing for forming and pressing, wherein the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 700-;
(4) pre-sintering the green body obtained in the step (3) to remove the binder in the green body;
(5) sintering the green compact in vacuum or inert atmosphere by adopting a hot-pressing sintering technology, heating the green compact to 1120-1140 ℃, preserving heat for 40-80min, and cooling to obtain a high-speed steel blank with the density of more than 99.3 percent, wherein the sintering pressure is 20-35 MPa;
(6) carrying out heat treatment on the high-speed steel blank: austenitizing temperature 1170-1190 ℃, heat preservation for 20-30min, oil quenching, tempering temperature 530-550 ℃, tempering for three times, each time for 1.5-3 h.
2. The method for preparing the high-speed steel for the cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the pressure of the negative pressure overspeed gas is 2-8KPa, and the speed is 1-5 Mach.
3. The method for preparing the high-speed steel for the cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the spraying pressure of the high-pressure atomized water in the step (2) is 80-100MP a, and the flow rate is 200-300L/min.
4. The method for preparing the high-speed steel for the cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the average grain diameter D50 of the alloy powder prepared in the step (2) is 8.45-9.55 mu m.
5. The method for preparing the high-speed steel for the cutting tools according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the binder is rosin resin, maleated rosin or polyacrylate.
6. The method for preparing the high-speed steel for the cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pre-sintering temperature in the step (4) is 700-800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8-12 hours.
7. The method for preparing the high-speed steel for the cutting tools according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the alloy powder comprises the following components: c: 0.2-0.4wt%, Ti: 1.5-2.5 wt%, W: 9.0 to 11.0wt%, Mo: 2.0-4.0wt%, Cr: 4.0-6.0wt%, Co: 8.0-9.0wt%, V: 4.0-6.0wt%, Si: 0.2-0.5wt%, LaB 6: 0.05 to 0.15 wt.%, B 4 C: 0.02 to 0.05wt%, BN: 0.01 to 0.02wt%, S: less than or equal to 0.02wt%, P: less than or equal to 0.02wt percent and the balance of Fe.
8. The method for preparing the high-speed steel for the cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the atomizing device comprises a melting furnace and an atomizing furnace, the melting furnace is arranged above the atomizing furnace, a heating crucible is arranged in the melting furnace, a transfer crucible is arranged below the heating crucible, the bottom of the transfer crucible is connected with an atomizing nozzle, the top of the atomizing furnace is provided with an atomizing furnace cover body, the center of the atomizing furnace cover body is provided with an atomizing hole, and the atomizing nozzle is positioned in the atomizing hole; the atomization furnace cover body is provided with a negative pressure overspeed gas nozzle and a high pressure atomization water nozzle device.
9. The method for preparing the high-speed steel for the cutting tool according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: high-pressure atomized water shower nozzle device includes high-pressure atomized water shower nozzle, rotary drum fixed block and pull rod, high-pressure atomized water shower nozzle establishes on the rotary drum, the rotary drum fixed block with atomizing bell body fixed connection, the one end of rotary drum with the rotary drum fixed block rotates to be connected, the other end of rotary drum is equipped with the gear, the lower part of pull rod passes atomizing stove lid, and with atomizing bell body sliding seal connects, the lower part of pull rod be equipped with gear engaged with rack, the top of pull rod is equipped with reverse dog.
10. The method for preparing the high-speed steel for the cutting tool according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the below of atomizing nozzle is equipped with receiving device, receiving device is including connecing material crucible, slide bar and connecting rod, it is located to connect the material crucible the below of nozzle, the below that connects the material crucible is equipped with connecting rod installation pole, the slide bar passes atomizing furnace's furnace body, and with atomizing furnace's furnace body sliding seal connects, the upper end of slide bar is connected with the piston rod of pneumatic cylinder, the lower extreme of slide bar is equipped with the connecting rod mounting panel, the connecting rod is two the both ends of connecting rod are articulated with connecting rod installation pole and connecting rod mounting panel respectively.
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