CN101153376A - Method for manufacturing high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a manufacturing method of high-vanadium high-cobalt high-speed steel, wherein, the composition weight percent of the high-speed steel is as follows: 1.1 percent to 2.18 percent of C, 5.0 percent to 8.0 percent of W, 4.0 percent to 6.0 percent of Mo, 3.0 percent to 5.0 percent of Cr, 1.2 percent to 8.3 percent of V, 6.5 percent to 11.5 percent of Co and the rest, Fe; the process steps of the high-speed steel includes master alloy preparation, spray forming, hot forging, quench tempering treatment, turning, milling and grinding or TiN/AlTiN coating treatment. The invention omits working procedures such as powder sieving, blending, encapsulation and cold and hot isostatic pressing, etc. and does not need costly equipment investment; moreover, the performance of the invention reaches to or even exceeds that of powder high-speed steel, thereby saving process cost and reducing the applied cost of the high-speed steel. The invention can be widely used in various cutters such as cutting tools for making difficult-to-machining material, and is particularly suitable to make cutters with quick-cutting, high hot hardness and long service life such as large-size broaching tool, gear shaver, hob and gear shaping tool for machining gear and various milling cutters used in digital control machine tool, etc.; moreover, the invention also can be used in making mould, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of manufacture method of superelevation alloying rapid steel, the particularly manufacture method of high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel is to produce the cutter that uses under the different occasions.
Background technology
High-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel is a kind of high alloy steel grade.People adopt powder metallurgy process to produce such steel grade usually, and as Chinese patent publication number CN1087358C, the disclosed high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel of CN1156595C, its homogeneous microstructure, no macrosegregation, carbide dispersion distribute and be non-directional.It has toughness and wear resistance concurrently, be widely used in the cutting tool of making difficult-to-machine material, be particularly suitable for making for the hobboing cutter, pinion cutter, numerically-controlled machine that require high speed cutting, high thermohardening, the cutter of high life such as large-scale broaching tool, gear shaver and add work gear with all kinds of milling cutters etc.
But, the operation of powder metallurgy is quite complicated, comprise: melting, atomizing, screening, mix batch, encapsulation, isostatic cool pressing, hot isostatic pressing, forge hot or process (C.Spiegelhauer. " Industrial production of tool steels using the sprayforming technology " .Proceedings of the 6th International ToolingConference such as hot rolling, releasing encapsulation, milling, thermal treatment and grinding, Karlstad, Sweden, 10-13 September 2002:1101～1108.).These operations are carried out in the process, need the dimensional requirement of the investment of apparatus expensive such as hot isostatic pressing and atomisation unit bigger, and the recovery rate of mmaterial are lower, and energy utilization rate is not high, thus p/m high speed steel prices are rather stiff.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of manufacture method of high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel, its operation is much simpler than the powder metallurgy operation, omitted the screening of powder in the powder metallurgy, mixed batch, operations such as encapsulation, isostatic cool pressing, hot isostatic pressing, do not need expensive facility investment, and the performance of final material meets or exceeds the close powder rapid steel of composition, save the technology cost, reduced the use price of p/m high speed steel, helped being extensive use of of machinery manufacturing industry.
For achieving the above object, the manufacture method of high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel of the present invention comprises the steps:
1) preparation mother alloy, its chemical ingredients mass percent is: C 1.1～2.18, and W 5.0～8.0, and Mo 4.0～6.0, and Cr 3.0～5.0, and V 1.2～8.3, and Co 6.5～11.5, and all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity;
2) adopt spray deposition processing, high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel mother alloy bar is placed in its crucible, and apply electric current and heat remelting, keep for some time being higher than under 100～250 ℃ of temperature of fusing point, make the temperature of melt and composition reach even; By the nozzle atomization device, the interactional distance of its Gas Jet and molten metal is short, makes drop refinement, fine drop fly also to be deposited on and collect on the substrate that cooled and solidified also forms block; Obtain the high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel base substrate;
3) forge hot, with the peeling of reaction-injection moulding billet surface, annealing is heated to 850～880 ℃ of austenitizing temperatures with the rapid steel base substrate, and the above back slow cooling of insulation 10hr is extremely smaller or equal to 600 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove, speed of cooling≤30K/hr;
4) forge hot Heating temperature is at 1100～1180 ℃; Heat tracing time t=d * (1.0～2.0) min/mm, d is for forging sample thickness; The forging ratio of forge hot is 〉=9: 1;
5) anneal after forging again, rapid steel is heated to austenitizing temperature 850-880 ℃, the above back slow cooling of insulation 10hr is to smaller or equal to 600 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove, speed of cooling≤30K/hr;
6) quench treatment after the forge hot is carried out preheating in electrode salt bath furnace, 850～880 ℃ of preheating temperatures, and the salt bath medium is 70～80%BaCl
2+ 30～20%NaCl; Adopt electrode salt bath furnace to be heated to 1140 ℃～1230 ℃ of quenching temperatures, the salt bath medium is 100%BaCl
2
7) sample is put into heat-eliminating medium 50%BaCl
2Be cooled to 600～650 ℃ of temperature among the+30%KCl+20%NaCl, air cooling;
8) temper, it is 500～580 ℃ medium 100%NaNO that sample is put into temperature
3In carry out temper, tempering time is 0.5～1hr, times of tempering 1～4 time;
Further, also can carry out TiN or the processing of AlTiN coating to sample.
The described heat-eliminating medium of step 6) adopts 50%BaCl
2+ 30%KCl+20%NaCl.
The high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel use properties that the present invention obtains meets or exceeds the close powder rapid steel of composition.
In concrete production technique of the present invention:
(1) preparation high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel as cast condition mother alloy
Adopt the mother alloy of vacuum induction furnace smelting smelting high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel, and the alloy liquation is cast in the special refractory materials porous mold, obtain to satisfy the mother alloy bar of design mix;
(2) reaction-injection moulding
Press reaction-injection moulding medium-frequency induction furnace amount of capacity and shape need, high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel mother alloy bar is placed in its crucible by rational size, and apply electric current and heat remelting.Because alloy content is than higher, the segregation of alloying element appears easily and as herring-bone form, netted, block eutectic ledeburite carbide in conventional fusion process.And the reaction-injection moulding process belongs to inferior rapid solidification, and its speed of cooling is enough to prevent the segregation of eutectic ledeburite carbides such as herring-bone form, netted, bulk and alloying element.But, owing in the reaction-injection moulding process, behind high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel particle and the droplet impact substrate, the temperature of base is raise.Do not solidify the netted eutectic ledeburite that just might occur influencing material property in the drop if superheating temperature than higher, exists in deposition process.Therefore for high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel, should follow the principle that low temperature waters soon.But the superheating temperature of reaction-injection moulding can not be too low, because if too low, sedimentary base inside aperture increased.In a word, in the reaction-injection moulding process, the superheating temperature of control molten steel is one of key factor.The superheating temperature that the present invention adopts is higher than 100～250 ℃ of the solid-liquid two-phase temperature of steel.
In addition, the atomizing nozzle that generally is used for reaction-injection moulding at present is the unrestricted formula nozzle of circumferential weld, realizes continuous production easily, but the interactional distance of its Gas Jet and molten metal, the jet decay of gas is fast, so capacity usage ratio is low, and the powder of production is thicker.Owing to require the microstructure crystal grain of material very tiny among the present invention, therefore the drop that produces in the time of must making the melt atomizing is very tiny, the reaction-injection moulding spraying gun that the present invention uses is to select annular distance close-coupled type nozzle for use, the interactional distance of its Gas Jet and molten metal is short, make the drop refinement, the capacity usage ratio height, this nozzle is a prior art, does not repeat them here.
(3) forge hot processing
By forge hot, can reach two purposes: on the one hand, can make high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel reaction-injection moulding blank Densification, density is near theoretical density; On the other hand, owing in the atomization process of reaction-injection moulding, occur the large size drop inevitably, big drop the eutectic ledeburite can occur slightly slowly because of speed of cooling in deposition process.The existence of these eutectic ledeburites can influence the performance of material, therefore must use hot worked method with its removal or pulverizing.Reach this two purposes, must strict temperature and the deflection of controlling forge hot.For high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel, need the Heating temperature and the soaking time of control forge hot, if temperature is too high, obvious alligatoring of carbide and horn shapeization then can appear, cause in the hot forging process subsequently and be easy to generate crackle.Soaking time is oversize also can to cause growing up of crystal grain.For reaching above-mentioned two purposes, the used forge hot Heating temperature of the present invention is 1100～1180 ℃, and soaking time is followed t=d * 1.0min/mm (d is for forging sample thickness).The forging ratio of forge hot is 〉=9: 1.
In addition, in high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel reaction-injection moulding base substrate, because speed of cooling is very fast, make reaction-injection moulding base substrate microstructure based on martensitic stucture, so the hardness of material is very high, can reaches more than the HRC59, its fragility is also bigger.So high hardness can make material high anti-adaptability to changes occur in the process of forging, and causes in the process of forging material easy to crack.Therefore for preventing that cracking from appearring in material in the process of forging, help the decomposition and the diffusion of carbide simultaneously, before forging, high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel reaction-injection moulding base substrate is carried out surperficial peeling after annealing handle.After forging, because there is certain unrelieved stress in forged material, and because of the alloy degree is high martensitic transformation takes place under the air cooling, also have a certain amount of troostitic structures, make that the hardness ratio of material is higher, unfavorable processing, therefore after forging, also need material is carried out anneal, reduce hardness, eliminate unrelieved stress, improve machinability, carry out tissue for quenching and prepare.Annealing process before and after forging is that rapid steel is heated to austenitizing temperature 850-880 ℃, and the above back slow cooling of insulation 10hr (speed of cooling≤30K/hr) extremely smaller or equal to 600 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove.
(4) Q-tempering is handled
Concerning high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel, quenching is the key link of decision Rapid Steel Tool performance in each thermal treatment link.Through after the quench treatment, matrix can obtain the more alloying elements of content and strengthen, and makes thermal effectiveness remarkable.Tempering is an important heat treatment operation after and then quenching, its objective is in order to eliminate quenching stress, obtain dispersion-strengthened and more stable tempered martensite, and make retained austenite change secondary martensite to greatest extent into, make the cutter of making obtain high hardness and wear resistance.This procedure is workpiece (except that surface heat is handled) last operation in whole heat treatment operation process, and it not only will consider hardness value when selecting tempering temperature and times of tempering, retained austenite is fully changed.Therefore the correctness that carries out of tempering operation is significant for the use properties of workpiece.Concrete Q-tempering technology is: 1. carry out preheating (850～880 ℃ of preheating temperatures) in electrode salt bath furnace, the salt bath medium is 70～80%BaCl
2+ 30～20%NaCl; 2. (1140 ℃～1230 ℃, the salt bath medium is 100%BaCl to adopt electrode salt bath furnace to be heated to quenching temperature
2); 3. sample is put into heat-eliminating medium 50%BaCl
2Be cooled to 600～650 ℃ of temperature among the+30%KCl+20%NaCl, air cooling; 4. sample is put into temperature and is 500～580 ℃ medium 100%NaNO
3In carry out temper, tempering time is 0.5～1hr, times of tempering 1～4 time.
(5) turning, milling and ground
By turning, milling or ground high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel is processed into cutter or instrument, is used for the production and the manufacturing of all kinds of parts.
(6) TiN (or AlTiN) coating is handled
Handle by TiN or AlTiN coating, can make high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel have more high rigidity, when having more wear resistance, improve the work-ing life of cutter, guarantee that finished surface has good quality.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
The operational path of the production high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel that the present invention proposes, its operation is much simpler than the powder metallurgy operation, omitted the screening of powder in the powder metallurgy, mixed batch, operations such as encapsulation, isostatic cool pressing, hot isostatic pressing, therefore this operation does not need expensive facility investment, and the performance of final material meets or exceeds the close powder rapid steel of composition, save the technology cost, reduced the use price of p/m high speed steel, helped being extensive use of of machinery manufacturing industry.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Adopt vacuum induction melting high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel mother alloy, its chemical ingredients (wt%) is: C1.37, W7.35, Mo6.00, Cr4.39, V3.65, Co7.82; The alloy liquation is cast in the special refractory materials porous mold, obtains to satisfy the mother alloy bar of size design.
Reaction-injection moulding, the reaction-injection moulding operating process is: press reaction-injection moulding medium-frequency induction furnace amount of capacity and shape need, high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel mother alloy bar is placed in its crucible by rational size, and apply electric current and heat remelting; Keep for some time being higher than under 150 ℃ of left and right sides temperature of fusing point, make the temperature of melt and composition reach even; Use high pressure nitrogen to melt jet then, make it to be atomized into fine drop, fly and be deposited on and collect on the substrate, finish and solidify and form block.Use annular distance close-coupled type nozzle atomization device in the course of injection, the catheter diameter is 4.5mm, atomizing nitrogen pressure 2.5MPa, and jet length 350mm, the substrate speed of rotation is 10rpm.Gas/liquid inventory is about 0.40m than (G/M)
3/ kg.
Forge hot processing is carried out surperficial peeling with the reaction-injection moulding base substrate, anneals then to reduce material hardness.Annealing process is to be heated to 870 ℃, and insulation 10hr is with the air cooling of coming out of the stove about 30K/hr speed of cooling to 600 ℃.Then base substrate is placed on the preheating of process furnace fire door, preheating temperature is 900 ℃.In the burner hearth heating, temperature is 1150 ℃, is incubated 0.5 hour.Earlier carry out cogging with the 400kg air hammer when forging, forge moulding with the 250kg air hammer then, final forging temperature is 900 ℃, and forging ratio is 9: 1, and base substrate is forged into the suitable bar of size.To forge the bar that obtains again anneals.The density that adopts Archimedes's drainage to record material is 8.14g/cm
3, approach theoretical density.
Q-tempering is handled.The bar that forges is carried out more straight, remove and to carry out Q-tempering behind the surface scale and handle.Its process is: 1. carry out preheating (850 ℃ of preheating temperatures) in electrode salt bath furnace, the salt bath medium is 80%BaCl
2+ 20%NaCl.2. adopting the salt bath medium is 100%BaCl
2Electrode salt bath furnace be heated to 1180 ℃ of quenching temperatures).3. sample is put into heat-eliminating medium 50%BaCl
2Be cooled to 600 ℃ of temperature among the+30%KCl+20%NaCl, the classification air cooling.4. sample is put into temperature and is 550 ℃ medium 100%NaNO
3In carry out temper, tempering time is 1hr, times of tempering 3 times.
The high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel ground finish is become Φ 11.5cm straight shank twist drill bit.In the course of processing, do not find tangible difficult manufacturing procedure, and the straight shank twist drill bit that trial-production is come out is all qualified.The processability that the reaction-injection moulding high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel is described thus is good.
The test of straight shank twist drill bit cutting ability:
Compare with the Φ 11.5cm straight shank twist drill bit that adopts the M2 rapid steel to make, the mark piece (material is 40Cr, hardness 210HB, thickness 30mm) that drilling is same, wearing and tearing only are 0.3mm during 38 holes of high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel drilling, and the wearing and tearing during M2 rapid steel drilling 16 holes have then reached 0.782mm.Therefore the performance of high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel is superior to common M2 rapid steel far away.
Embodiment 2
Straight shank twist drill bit among the embodiment 1 is carried out the AlTiN coating to be handled.The drilling material is 40Cr, hardness 210HB, the mark piece of thickness 30mm.Its result is as shown in table 1.In drilling process, the high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel straight shank twist drill bit of AlTiN coating has experienced the cutting under the different main rotating speed situation.The combined stroke that are cut to drill bit when losing efficacy have reached 5.19 meters, considerably beyond general high-quality drill bit.Therefore, its cutting ability is very superior.
Table 1, AlTiN coating are handled high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel straight shank twist drill bit cutting test result
| The drilling degree of depth (mm) | The speed of mainshaft (r/min) | Hole count (individual) | Stroke (m) |
| 30 | 750 | 38 | 1.14 |
| 30 | 1100 | 31 | 0.93 |
| 30 | 520 | 104 | 3.12 |
| Combined stroke (m) | 5.19 | ||
Embodiment 3
1. adopt vacuum induction melting high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel mother alloy, its chemical ingredients (wt%) is:
C1.33, W7.15, Mo5.45, Cr4.40, V3.10, Co8.40 is cast to the alloy liquation in the special refractory materials porous mold, obtains to satisfy the mother alloy bar of size design.
2. reaction-injection moulding.The reaction-injection moulding operating process is: press reaction-injection moulding medium-frequency induction furnace amount of capacity and shape need, high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel mother alloy bar is placed in its crucible by rational size, and apply electric current and heat remelting.Keep for some time being higher than under 140 ℃ of left and right sides temperature of fusing point, make the temperature of melt and composition reach even.Use high pressure nitrogen to melt jet then, make it to be atomized into fine drop, fly and be deposited on and collect on the substrate, finish and solidify and form block.Use annular distance close-coupled type nozzle atomization device in the course of injection, the catheter diameter is 4.4mm, atomizing nitrogen pressure 2.4MPa, and jet length 355mm, the substrate speed of rotation is 10rpm.Gas/liquid inventory is about 0.41m than (G/M)
3/ kg.
3. forge hot processing.The reaction-injection moulding base substrate is carried out surperficial peeling, anneal then to reduce material hardness.Annealing process is to be heated to 870 ℃, and insulation 10hr is with the air cooling of coming out of the stove about 30K/hr speed of cooling to 600 ℃.Then base substrate is placed on the preheating of process furnace fire door, preheating temperature is 900 ℃.In the burner hearth heating, temperature is 1150 ℃, is incubated 0.5 hour.Earlier carry out cogging with the 400kg air hammer when forging, forge moulding with the 250kg air hammer then, final forging temperature is 900 ℃, and forging ratio is 9: 1, and base substrate is forged into the suitable bar of size.To forge the bar that obtains again anneals.The density that adopts Archimedes's drainage to record material is 8.14g/cm
3, approach theoretical density.
4. Q-tempering is handled.The bar that forges is carried out more straight, remove and to carry out Q-tempering behind the surface scale and handle.Its process is: 1. carry out preheating (850 ℃ of preheating temperatures) in electrode salt bath furnace, the salt bath medium is 80%BaCl
2+ 20%NaCl.2. adopting the salt bath medium is 100%BaCl
2Electrode salt bath furnace be heated to 1180 ℃ of quenching temperatures).3. sample is put into heat-eliminating medium 50%BaCl
2Be cooled to 600 ℃ of temperature among the+30%KCl+20%NaCl, the classification air cooling.4. sample is put into temperature and is 550 ℃ medium 100%NaNO
3In carry out temper, tempering time is 1hr, times of tempering 3 times.
5. the high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel ground finish is become the tapper tap of M14 * 1.5.In the course of processing, do not find tangible difficult manufacturing procedure, and the tapper tap that trial-production is come out is all qualified.The processability that the reaction-injection moulding high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel is described thus is good.
6. the cutting ability of tapper tap test:
The simultaneous test material that adopts is import powder rapid steel DEX40, and its chemical ingredients is (wt%): C1.43, W6.77, Mo5.51, Cr4.22, V3.09, Co8.50.In the cutting test process, adopt same cutting parameter (rotating speed is 125r/min) that same mark piece (material is 40Cr, hardness 210HB, thickness 23mm) is carried out the through hole tapping.Twice test-results is as shown in table 2.The screw tap performance that high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel of the present invention is made is better than the screw tap that p/m high speed steel DEX40 makes.
Table 2, screw tap cutting test result are relatively
| Title material | For the first time | For the second time | ||||||
| The tapping hole count | Abrasion loss (mm) | The tipping situation | The blackout situation | The tapping hole count | Abrasion loss (mm) | The tipping situation | The blackout situation | |
| High-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel of the present invention | 48 | 0.023 | Do not have | Do not have | 65 | 0.024 | Do not have | Do not have |
| P/m high speed steel DEX40 | 48 | 0.041 | Have | Blackout | 61 | 0.031 | (slightly) arranged | Have |
Claims (3)
1. the manufacture method of a high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel comprises the steps:
1) preparation mother alloy, its chemical ingredients mass percent is: C1.1～2.18, W5.0～8.0, Mo4.0～6.0, Cr3.0～5.0, V1.2～8.3, Co6.5～11.5, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity;
2) adopt spray deposition processing, high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel mother alloy bar is placed in its crucible, and apply electric current and heat remelting, keep for some time being higher than under 100～250 ℃ of temperature of fusing point, make the temperature of melt and composition reach even; By the nozzle atomization device, form dispersion, fine drop, and be deposited on the collection substrate, cooled and solidified becomes block, obtains the high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel base substrate;
3) before the forge hot, with the rapid steel billet surface peeling that reaction-injection moulding obtains, annealing is heated to 850～880 ℃ of austenitizing temperatures with the rapid steel base substrate, and the above back slow cooling of insulation 10hr is extremely smaller or equal to 600 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove, speed of cooling≤30K/hr;
4) forge hot, Heating temperature is at 1100～1180 ℃; Heat tracing time t=d * (1.0～2.0) min/mm, d is for forging sample thickness; The forging ratio of forge hot is 〉=9: 1;
5) anneal after forging again, will forge back rapid steel sample and be heated to 850～880 ℃ of austenitizing temperatures, the above back slow cooling of insulation 10hr is to smaller or equal to 600 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove, speed of cooling≤30K/hr;
6) quench treatment after the forge hot is carried out preheating in electrode salt bath furnace, 850～880 ℃ of preheating temperatures, and the salt bath medium is 70～80%BaCl
2+ 30～20%NaCl; Adopt electrode salt bath furnace to be heated to 1140 ℃～1230 ℃ of quenching temperatures, the salt bath medium is 100%BaCl
2Sample is cooled to 600～650 ℃ of temperature, air cooling;
7) temper, it is medium 50%～100%NaNO of 500～580 ℃ that sample is put into temperature
3+ 50%～0%KNO
3In carry out temper, tempering time is 0.5～1hr, times of tempering 1～4 time.
2. the manufacture method of high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also further carries out TiN or AlTiN coating and handles.
3. the manufacture method of high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described heat-eliminating medium of step 6) adopts 50%BaCl
2+ 30%KCl+20%NaCl.
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