CN100352964C - Production of high-alloy cold mould steel - Google Patents

Production of high-alloy cold mould steel Download PDF

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CN100352964C
CN100352964C CNB2005100256038A CN200510025603A CN100352964C CN 100352964 C CN100352964 C CN 100352964C CN B2005100256038 A CNB2005100256038 A CN B2005100256038A CN 200510025603 A CN200510025603 A CN 200510025603A CN 100352964 C CN100352964 C CN 100352964C
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steel
work die
blank
die steel
cooling
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CN1854324A (en
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史海生
樊俊飞
乐海荣
金冰忠
彭勇
颜飞
徐洲
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Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a production process of high-alloy cold mould steel, which comprises the following steps that 1) the mould steel contains 1.45 to 1.55 wt% of C, 7.8 to 8.2 wt% of Cr, 3.9 to 4.1 wt% of V, 1.4 to 1.6 wt% of Mo, 0.9 to 1.1 wt% of Si, 0.3 to 0.5 wt% of Mn and Fe as the rest; 2) a high-alloy cold mould steel billet is prepared by a jet forming process; 3) the billet is rolled by heating by a single-pass large deformation method and the material of the billet is cooled by sand; 4) the billet is spheroidized and annealed under equal temperature so as to obtain the high-alloy cold mould steel. A spheroidized structure has smaller carbide particles and the problems of alloy component segregation and carbide clustering can be effectively solved so that the present invention has the advantages of no eutectic ledeburite, simple process, low cost and low energy consumption.

Description

The production technique of cold work die steel in high alloy through
Technical field
Patent of the present invention relates to a kind of production technique of cold work die steel in high alloy through.
Background technology
Cold work die steel in high alloy through adopts conventional smelting casting process production because carbon and alloy content are all higher, is difficult to the ledeburite organization that avoids component segregation, carbide to assemble and following process occurs being unfavorable for.
Cr12MoV (or U.S. trade mark D2 steel) is to use wider typical cold-work die steel, the carbon of this class steel and chromium content are all higher, the employing common process is produced, can't avoid the formation of component segregation and serious eutectic carbides, therefore, usually need carry out break-in to the gained blank and forge repeatedly, could reduce or improve above-mentioned defective.The hardening capacity of Cr12MoV steel and heat treatment deformation are preferably in numerous cold-work die steels, but its toughness is relatively poor, cause institute's processed mould that the brittle failure failure phenomenon in use often takes place.For this reason, people do a lot aspect the highly malleablized of Cr12MoV steel being devoted to improve, and wherein more research is to be placed on to improve and improve on the thermal treatment process, and has obtained certain effect really.
But a large amount of actual demands impels people to remove to consider to produce the better cold-work die steel with excellent comprehensive performance of tough cooperation however.For this reason, done number of research projects both at home and abroad, developed many new steel grades, as LD, the GM of TCD, AUF11, DC53 and China's development of the Vasco DIE of the U.S., Japan, ER5 steel etc.The chemical ingredients of these steel has following characteristics, suitably reduces carbon and chromium content to improve carbide segregation, increase ability and the raising wear resistance of content to increase secondary hardening of tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium, so these steel mostly adopts higher quenching temperature and repeatedly tempering.
People's such as harmony fork dragon patent (China Patent No.: 94113823.2) introduce, adopt suitable microalloying, make the alloy cold-work die steel after heat treatment both keep original high rigidity, have high tenacity again, and the cold-work die of making in use is difficult for taking place brittle rupture.People's such as Qi Zhengfeng patent (China Patent No.: 96107821.9) provide a kind of novel Ledeburite-less high-alloy cold-working die steel, the chromium content of this steel is lower than Cr12MoV, molybdenum content and Cr12MoV are suitable, content of vanadium then is higher than Cr12MoV, carbon content is far below Cr12MoV, because carbon content is low, thus when the ingot casting condensation, do not form the eutectic ledeburite, thereby do not have carbide segregation and thick carbide.Its deficiency is because carbon content reduces significantly, and makes the intensity and the wear resistance of this novel cold-work die steel be subjected to certain influence.
The deficiency that the scientific research personnel of Shanghai Inst. of Materials exists at the Cr12MoV steel, successfully developed middle chromium type chrome molybdenum vanadium LD cold-work die steel, in the composition design, done rational adjustment, suitably turn down carbon and chromium content, more martensite and an amount of carbide are arranged with when reaching high strength, high-wearing feature after guarantee quenching, superfluous carbide content then greatly reduces, and toughness improves thus and improves, and can guarantee enough hardening capacity.Compare with the Cr12MoV steel, molybdenum and content of vanadium increase in the LD steel, and have added an amount of Si element.Because 1% molybdenum can be for 2% tungsten, with molybdenum for tungsten not only cost descend, but also can reduce the alloy total amount, and the carbide ununiformity is reduced; Molybdenum and carbon generate the molybdenum carbide, and most of dissolving is separated out with the carbide form during tempering during quenching, is intensive secondary hardening element, and makes steel that temper resistance preferably be arranged.Vanadium also can play secondary hardening, the wear-resisting and effect that improves toughness and temper resistance.Si can strengthen matrix, improves the anti-temper resistance of steel simultaneously.The LD steel makes its over-all properties obviously be better than the Cf12MoV steel owing to done reasonable adjustment on composition.Even now, but use in some desired strength and the higher occasion of wear resistance with the mould of its making still seems not enough and is difficult to satisfy the demands.
HUST and Daye special steel cooperation have been developed the GM steel with replacement Cr12MoV steel, and it is used to make high speed cold punch die and high strength bolt cylindrical die roll etc.The composition characteristic of this steel is that reduction forms the content of the chromium of bulk carbide and carbide segregation, increases the age hardening effect of the content of Mo and V with the raising steel, adds a certain amount of W elements simultaneously, to improve the temper resistance of steel.Mo and W not only have the solution strengthening effect, but also help improving the grain-boundary strength of steel and improve temper brittleness.For the use range of Cr12MoV steel, the GM steel can both be suitable for substantially, but in ask for something obdurability and the higher occasion of wear resistance, the GM steel has more advantage.But the grinding performance of GM steel is poorer slightly, is 1.5 times of Cr12MoV steel to the wearing and tearing of cutter during cutting, in addition, under the higher operating mode of some requirement of strength, seems a bit not enough.
Has the material use efficiency height with the die production component, the product's dimensional precision advantages of higher, and can greatly boost productivity, in recent years various advanced persons' few no Cutting Process and high efficiency former have been developed both at home and abroad, therefore the performance to moulding stock proposes more and more higher requirement, particularly wear resistance and flexible requirement are more harsh.Under the situation of corresponding raising carbon and alloy content, adopt conventional this class cold-work die steel of metallurgical casting explained hereafter again, can bring much to be difficult to the problem avoided, thereby influence the actual use properties of steel.Therefore, produce cold work die steel in high alloy through, should guarantee that wear resistance do not lose good toughness again, alternative at present and comparatively effectively can only be powder metallurgical technique.
The Vanadis4 steel that Sweden Uddeholm company adopts powder metallurgical technique to produce has suitable excellent comprehensive performances, and its composition characteristic is, chromium content has the minimizing of certain amplitude than Cr12MoV steel, and the content of vanadium increase is more, and Mo content increases, and adds 1% Si element simultaneously.Based on the design of this reasonable component, and adopt powder metallurgical technique, the Vanadis4 steel of acquisition is had more than Cr12MoV steel more excellent over-all properties, particularly wear resistance and toughness seem more outstanding, this is very favourable to prolonging die life.Blemish in an otherwise perfect thing be, utilize powder metallurgical technique to produce the Vanadis4 steel, operation is complicated, cost, energy consumption and production cycle are compared obvious increase with common process.The powder cold-work die steel of the Vanadis series that Uddeholm company produces, although goodish over-all properties is all arranged,,, certainly will cause and can not produce on a large scale and apply owing to be subjected to the constraint of the problems referred to above.U.S. Crucible company (crucible company) also is being very famous aspect the production high alloy mould steel, the CPM steel series that adopts powder metallurgical technique to produce, has excellent comprehensive performances, and can satisfy the demand of different aspects, but same existence meets with common fault as previously mentioned inevitably because the characteristics of powder metallurgical technique itself determine.
Based on above-mentioned situation, the present invention aims to provide and a kind ofly can produce the cold work die steel in high alloy through technology with high tough high abrasion fine combination, compare with powder metallurgical technique, have advantages such as the obvious reduction of production process simplification, manufacturing cost and energy consumption, and be convenient to scale production and actual applying.
Summary of the invention
In view of problems such as the complex procedures, cost height, the energy consumption that exist because of the employing powder metallurgical technique in the present cold work die steel in high alloy through production are big, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of production technique of cold work die steel in high alloy through, with spray forming technology, the production technique that hot rolling of a time aximal deformation value and isothermal spheroidizing thermal treatment organically combine can be produced the cold work die steel in high alloy through of the good spherodized structure with segregation-free.
For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention is, a kind of production technique of cold work die steel in high alloy through, (1) its alloying constituent weight percent is: C1.45~1.55, Cr7.8~8.2, V3.9~4.1, Mo1.4~1.6, Si0.9~1.1, Mn0.3~0.5, surplus Fe;
(2) spray deposition processing is produced blank
The vacuum casting mother alloy that provides alloying constituent in (1) as raw material, is rolled and uses blank but adopt spray deposition processing to produce heat supply;
The mother alloy raw material is put into induction furnace internal heating fusing, keep for some time being higher than under 150~250 ℃ of temperature of fusing point, make the temperature of liquation and composition reach even.To being sprayed by the effusive melt of catheter, making it atomizing becomes fine drop with high pressure nitrogen, flies and is deposited on and collect on the substrate, finishes to solidify and form block materials.The cold work die steel in high alloy through of this block makes it have excellent high temperature deformation ability owing to having the thin brilliant original structure of axle such as good, therefore can implement the hot-work of aximal deformation value to it;
(3) the reaction-injection moulding blank is carried out hot rolling
The blank preheating temperature: 600~700 ℃, soaking time: 5~10 minutes;
Hot-rolled temperature: 950~1150 ℃, soaking time: 10~20 minutes;
Hot rolling draught: 50%~70%;
(4) plate carries out isothermal spheroidizing thermal treatment behind the hot rolling sand cooling
Plate behind the hot rolling sand cooling is put into process furnace to heat up with stove, carry out insulation in 1.5~2.5 hours after reaching 800~900 ℃ of range of set temperature, be chilled to 730~780 ℃ by 30~70 ℃/0.5 hour rate of cooling afterwards, be incubated 2.5~3.5 hours once more, be chilled to 480~520 ℃ with≤30 ℃/hour rate of cooling stove then, take out air cooling.
Further, described hot rolling is 50~70% heavy reductions of one-pass roller to realize being scheduled to.
Wherein, carry out insulation in 1.5~2.5 hours in the isothermal spheroidizing thermal treatment after the heating of hot rolling sand cooling plate.
Rate of cooling by 30~70 ℃/0.5 hour after being incubated after the heating of hot rolling sand cooling plate in the isothermal spheroidizing thermal treatment is chilled to 730~780 ℃.
The invention provides the production technique of a kind of effective cold work die steel in high alloy through (as famous Vanadis4 cold-work die steel), its advantage is mainly reflected in obvious aspect such as shortening of the reduction of production cost and energy consumption and production cycle, and compare advantage with powder metallurgical technique very outstanding.This is because picture Vanadis4 this cold work die steel in high alloy through, adopts conventional smelting casting process production will bring numerous defectives that are difficult to avoid as component segregation etc., thereby can only adopt powder metallurgical technique production at present.Though powder metallurgical technique can solve above-mentioned cold work die steel in high alloy through and easily produce component segregation, the even problem of tissue odds, but, but can not solve the problem that in powder processing becomes the production process of block materials, is prone to oxidation, and defectives such as the obvious increase of production process complexity, production cost and energy consumption can't be avoided, thereby are not easy to widely popularize.
An important feature of the present invention is to adopt this semi-solid state of reaction-injection moulding, nearly end form new technology, can be fast, obtain to have the cold work die steel in high alloy through blank of tiny equiax crystal uniform formation easily, this has created condition for follow-up pyroplastic deformation processing and thermal treatment, exactly in this respect, powder metallurgical technique but needs to spend numerous steps, thereby causes the significantly rising of production cost and energy consumption.In addition, exactly because the cold work die steel in high alloy through that spray forming technology obtains has the fine tissue of good segregation-free, and has good high-temperature plastic working ability, this just successfully implements the aximal deformation value hot rolling for next step and lays a good foundation.Moreover, select suitable isothermal spheroidizing technology, promptly become the committed step that finally can obtain good spherodized structure.Production technique of the present invention is the organic whole that is made of three steps or link, and is indispensable.
Production technique of the present invention is made up of spray forming technology, rolling and thermal treatment three parts, reaction-injection moulding is as semi-solid state, nearly end form technology, has special advantages aspect the preparation material, it not only can improve traditional material, and what is more important can prepare type material, those difficult machining deformation materials particularly, as cold work die steel in high alloy through, segregation-free rapid steel and difficult wrought superalloy etc., and this technology can obviously be simplified production process, thereby production cost and energy consumption are decreased.Say in this sense, the cold work die steel in high alloy through that adopts spray forming technology production to have high added value, on production cost unlike the powder metallurgical technique height.
The present invention compares with powder metallurgical technique, not only operation obtains simplifying, and the cold work die steel in high alloy through that obtains, can overcome the poly-partially problem of alloying constituent segregation and carbide equally effectively, thereby successfully avoided the appearance of eutectic ledeburite, compare with the famous vanadis4 steel that the employing powder metallurgical technique of import obtains, has the similar good spherodized structure that is suitable for the follow-up temper of quenching, and close hardness value, but the carbide particle size in the spherodized structure that this technology obtains is more tiny.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
The present invention selects the alloying constituent of suitable cold work die steel in high alloy through for use, employing has the spray deposition processing of rapid solidification characteristics and produces blank, then the gained blank is carried out the processing treatment that hot rolling of a time aximal deformation value and isothermal spheroidizing combine, the segregation-free cold work die steel in high alloy through that obtains of combined production process thus can directly enter the follow-up temper of quenching because have good even spherodized structure and suitable hardness value.
The cold work die steel in high alloy through that the present invention obtains, constituent class is similar to the Vanadis4 steel, with the employing powder metallurgical technique of import obtain expensive (the existing market import price approximately: 550,000/ton) famous Vanadis4 steel is compared, not only has the similar good spherodized structure that is suitable for the follow-up temper of quenching, and close hardness value, and the carbide particle size in its even spherodized structure is but more tiny.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows that the reaction-injection moulding cold work die steel in high alloy through sprays attitude blank microstructure: have the uniform formation that waits the thin crystalline substance of axle, do not see ledeburite segregation tissue.
Reaction-injection moulding blank shown in Fig. 2-4 is through a time aximal deformation value hot rolling and the isothermal spheroidizing tissue of production technique after handling that combine: crystal grain is more tiny, is similar to the spheric carbide and is distributed in equably on the matrix, and this is typical Spheroidizing Annealing tissue.
The Vanadis4 cold-work die steel supply of material attitude tissue that Fig. 5 produces for the employing powder metallurgical technique of import: have typical Spheroidizing Annealing tissue.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) alloying constituent (chemical analysis results, weight percent)
1.52C, 8.0Cr, 4.0V, 1.48Mo, 1.0Si, 0.35Mn, surplus Fe.
(2) adopt reaction-injection moulding to produce blank
The mother alloy raw material is put into the fusing of induction furnace internal heating,, make the temperature of liquation and composition reach even being higher than 5 fens clock times of maintenance under 150~250 ℃ of temperature of fusing point; To being sprayed by the effusive melt of catheter, making it atomizing becomes fine drop with high pressure nitrogen, flies and is deposited on and collect on the substrate, finishes the circular blank that solidifies and form heavily about 2Kg.
(3) reaction-injection moulding blank hot rolling
Cut the bar shaped blank of thick 16mm from the reaction-injection moulding blank, blank one end is processed into wedge shape, nips when being convenient to hot rolling.Blank is put into the process furnace that reaches 300 ℃ and is warming up to 600 ℃ of insulations with stove and carried out preheating in 5 minutes, and then be warming up to 950 ℃ carry out 15 minutes insulation after, take out to send into immediately on the hot rolls that maximum rolling force is 3000KN and be rolled, it is thick that single pass is rolling to 6.4mm with blank, draught is 50%, rolling back plate is sand cooling immediately, does not find cracking phenomena.
(4) plate isothermal spheroidizing thermal treatment behind the rolling sand cooling
Putting into process furnace behind the plate sand cooling of rolling back heats up with stove, carry out insulation in 2 hours after reaching 900 ℃ of the temperature of setting, be chilled to 750 ℃ by 50 ℃/0.5 hour rate of cooling afterwards, be incubated 3 hours once more, be chilled to 500 ℃ with≤30 ℃/hour rate of cooling stove then, take out air cooling.
Embodiment 2
(1) alloying constituent (chemical analysis results, weight percent)
1.51C, 8.01Cr, 3.9V, 1.47Mo, 1.0Si, 0.4Mn, surplus Fe.
(2) adopt reaction-injection moulding to produce blank
With embodiment 1.
(3) reaction-injection moulding blank hot rolling
Cut the bar shaped blank of thick 16mm from the reaction-injection moulding blank, blank one end is processed into wedge shape, nips when being convenient to hot rolling.Blank is put into the process furnace that reaches 300 ℃ and is warming up to 700 ℃ of insulations with stove and carried out preheating in 5 minutes, and then be warming up to 1050 ℃ carry out 20 minutes insulation after, take out to send into immediately on the hot rolls that maximum rolling force is 3000KN and be rolled, it is thick that single pass is rolling to 6.4mm with blank, draught is 60%, rolling back plate is sand cooling immediately, does not find cracking phenomena.
(4) plate isothermal spheroidizing thermal treatment behind the rolling sand cooling
Putting into process furnace behind the plate sand cooling of rolling back heats up with stove, carry out insulation in 2 hours after reaching 800 ℃ of the temperature of setting, be chilled to 730 ℃ by 50 ℃/0.5 hour rate of cooling afterwards, be incubated 2.5 hours once more, be chilled to 480 ℃ with≤30 ℃/hour rate of cooling stove then, take out air cooling.
Embodiment 3
(1) alloying constituent (chemical analysis results, weight percent)
1.53C, 8.1Cr, 4.0V, 1.47Mo, 1.1Si, 0.37Mn, surplus Fe.
(2) adopt reaction-injection moulding to produce blank
With embodiment 1.
(3) reaction-injection moulding blank hot rolling
Cut the bar shaped blank of thick 16mm from the reaction-injection moulding blank, blank one end is processed into wedge shape, nips when being convenient to hot rolling.Blank is put into the process furnace that reaches 300 ℃ and is warming up to 700 ℃ of insulations with stove and carried out preheating in 5 minutes, and then be warming up to 1150 ℃ carry out 10 minutes insulation after, take out to send into immediately on the hot rolls that maximum rolling force is 3000KN and be rolled, it is thick that single pass is rolling to 6.4mm with blank, draught is 70%, rolling back plate is sand cooling immediately, does not find cracking phenomena.
(4) plate isothermal spheroidizing thermal treatment behind the rolling sand cooling
Putting into process furnace behind the plate sand cooling of rolling back heats up with stove, carry out insulation in 2 hours after reaching 850 ℃ of the temperature of setting, be chilled to 780 ℃ by 50 ℃/0.5 hour rate of cooling afterwards, be incubated 3.5 hours once more, be chilled to 520 ℃ with≤30 ℃/hour rate of cooling stove then, take out air cooling.
Hardness after the foregoing description cold work die steel in high alloy through Spheroidizing Annealing is shown in Table 1 with the hardness value of the import V4 steel of comparing.
See by table 1, the cold work die steel in high alloy through that adopts combination process of the present invention to obtain, compare with the famous vanadis4 steel that the employing powder metallurgical technique of import obtains, have close isothermal spheroidizing hardness value, this has created favourable and necessary condition for the temper of quenching subsequently.
The hardness data of table 1 embodiment of the invention cold work die steel in high alloy through and import V4 steel
Sample number into spectrum The sample state Hardness value (Hv)
Embodiment 1 950 ℃ of hot rolling+Spheroidizing Annealings 236
Embodiment 2 1050 ℃ of hot rolling+Spheroidizing Annealings 242
Embodiment 3 1150 ℃ of hot rolling+Spheroidizing Annealings 240
Import V4 steel The Spheroidizing Annealing bar of the market supply of material 246

Claims (4)

1. the production technique of a cold work die steel in high alloy through comprises the steps,
1) the alloying constituent weight percent of selected cold work die steel in high alloy through is:
C 1.45~1.55%
Cr 7.8~8.2%
V 3.9~4.1%
Mo 1.4~1.6%
Si 0.9~1.1%
Mn 0.3~0.5%
Surplus Fe;
2) adopt spray deposition processing to produce the cold work die steel in high alloy through blank;
With 1) in provide the mother alloy of alloying constituent as raw material, adopt spray deposition processing to produce blank: the mother alloy raw material is put into the fusing of induction furnace internal heating, keep for some time being higher than under 150~250 ℃ of temperature of fusing point, make the temperature of liquation and composition reach even; To being sprayed by the effusive melt of catheter, making it atomizing becomes fine drop with high pressure nitrogen, flies and is deposited on and collect on the substrate, finishes to solidify and form blank;
3) the reaction-injection moulding blank is carried out the large deformation calorimetric and roll, rolling back plate is sand cooling immediately,
The blank preheating temperature: 600~700 ℃, soaking time: 5~10 minutes;
Hot-rolled temperature: 950~1150 ℃, soaking time: 10~20 minutes;
The hot rolling draught, 50%~70%;
4) plate behind the hot rolling sand cooling is carried out isothermal spheroidizing thermal treatment,
Plate behind the hot rolling sand cooling is put into process furnace to heat up with stove, be incubated after reaching 800~900 ℃ of range of set temperature, cooling is chilled to 730~780 ℃ and is incubated 2.5~3.5 hours once more afterwards, be chilled to 480~520 ℃ with≤30 ℃/hour rate of cooling stove then, take out air cooling.
2. the production technique of cold work die steel in high alloy through as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described hot rolling is 50~70% heavy reductions of one-pass roller to realize being scheduled to.
3. the production technique of cold work die steel in high alloy through as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, carries out insulation in 1.5~2.5 hours in its isothermal spheroidizing thermal treatment after the heating of hot rolling sand cooling plate.
4. the production technique of cold work die steel in high alloy through as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the rate of cooling by 30~70 ℃/0.5 hour after being incubated after the heating of hot rolling sand cooling plate in its isothermal spheroidizing thermal treatment is chilled to 730~780 ℃.
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CN101934370B (en) * 2009-06-29 2013-01-02 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 Process for preparing extra-thick or composite pipe blank by injection moulding and device thereof
CN104325128B (en) * 2014-09-29 2016-09-28 华中科技大学 A kind of 3D prints with heat-resisting die Steel material and preparation method thereof
CN107760849B (en) * 2017-12-05 2020-09-15 中钢集团邢台机械轧辊有限公司 Quenching method of large-specification working roll of high-alloy cold-work die steel
CN108220583A (en) * 2018-01-08 2018-06-29 东南大学 A kind of preparation method of low defect high speed steel wire rod
CN108817398B (en) * 2018-07-17 2020-02-14 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 Production process of spray-formed composite TBM cutter ring
CN109530462B (en) * 2018-12-28 2023-12-22 太仓成和信精密科技有限公司 Pretreatment device and pretreatment method for die steel
CN110508614B (en) * 2019-08-16 2021-01-22 中天钢铁集团有限公司 Controlled rolling and controlled cooling process for eliminating Widmannstatten structure of hypereutectoid tool steel wire rod carburization body

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CN1417365A (en) * 2002-11-29 2003-05-14 上海宝钢集团公司 High-strength superhigh-carbon steel and its production process

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020014286A1 (en) * 1997-05-16 2002-02-07 Eric D. Henn Steel holder block for plastic molding
CN1417365A (en) * 2002-11-29 2003-05-14 上海宝钢集团公司 High-strength superhigh-carbon steel and its production process

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