CN114058971A - Ultrahigh vanadium high-speed steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultrahigh vanadium high-speed steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrahigh vanadium high-speed steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the ultrahigh vanadium high-speed steel comprises the following components: w2-10%, Mo 2-5%, Cr 2-5%, V5-45%, Co 1-10%, C2-4%, and the balance of Fe. The invention adopts the processes of ball milling mixing, near-net forming pressing, activating sintering and the like, can realize the uniform introduction of a large amount of V (up to 45 percent), generates single MC carbide, effectively avoids the chain distribution of VC at the interface of atomized powder during the traditional ultra-solid phase liquid phase sintering, obviously improves the wear resistance and hardness of high-speed steel, greatly reduces the processing difficulty and production cost of the traditional cast high-vanadium steel through near-net forming, and further expands the application of the high-vanadium high-speed steel in the field of tools and dies.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to ultrahigh vanadium high-speed steel.
Background
Although the powder metallurgy high-speed steel has undergone three generations of upgrading optimization till now, the powder metallurgy high-speed steel is from the initial tungsten system, molybdenum system and tungsten-molybdenum system to the high cobalt system, high vanadium system, high chromium system, high tungsten-high vanadium system and the like which are evolved at present. The development of more rational alloying schemes remains the key to the optimization of the upgrading of powder metallurgy high-speed steels. However, high-vanadium high-speed steel has high vanadium and carbon contents, so that a large amount of fine and extremely hard MC carbide is formed in the alloy, and compared with other high-speed steel, the high-vanadium high-speed steel has higher red hardness and wear resistance, and becomes an important development direction of the high-speed steel.
V is a strong carbide forming element and is the key for rapidly improving the wear resistance of high-speed steel. The addition of V in high-speed steel is generally maintained between 1-5% for strengthening secondary hardening and increasing the wear resistance of the material. However, researchers have conducted many attempts to introduce more VC due to its better wettability with molten steel and excellent wear resistance. At present, the content of V is less than or equal to 18-20 percent and the content of VC is less than or equal to 28-34 percent in documents and patents. However, V as one of the main wear-resistant reinforcing components, the limitation of its content in high-speed steel limits to some extent the further application of V in cast high-speed steel and even powder high-speed steel, so the application of V in high-speed steel is yet to be further explored.
Both patent 201510774960.8 and patent 201711285585.6 disclose a high vanadium high speed steel, the content of introduced V is only within 6%, and the high vanadium high speed steel is produced by adopting processes of scrap steel and pig iron smelting, casting, heat treatment and the like, and is only suitable for the field of machining such as rolling rollers and the like. The content of V in the ultrahigh vanadium high-speed steel provided by the invention can reach more than 40%, and the ultrahigh vanadium high-speed steel also has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties when the content of V is more, and meanwhile, the ultrahigh vanadium high-speed steel provided by the invention has the advantages of low impurity content, short process flow, low production cost and wider application prospect in the field of tools and dies.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the ultrahigh vanadium high-speed steel, and the ultrahigh vanadium high-speed steel can ensure excellent comprehensive mechanical property on the premise of introducing a large amount of vanadium, so that the application of the high vanadium high-speed steel in the field of tools and dies is further expanded.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the ultrahigh vanadium high speed steel is characterized by comprising the following components: w2-10%, Mo 2-5%, Cr 2-5%, V5-45%, Co 1-10%, C2-4%, and the balance of Fe.
The raw materials of the ultrahigh vanadium high-speed steel are tungsten carbide, molybdenum carbide, chromium carbide, vanadium carbide, cobalt powder, carbon black powder and high-purity iron powder, the particle size range of the powder is 1-10 micrometers, and the oxygen content of the powder is less than 0.2%.
The preparation method of the ultra-vanadium high-speed steel specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: weighing raw material powder according to the component proportion of claim 1;
step 2: ball-milling and mixing the raw material powder weighed in the step 1 in a planetary ball mill, firstly carrying out ball-milling on vanadium carbide for 12-24 hours, then adding the rest powder, and carrying out ball-milling for 12-48 hours;
and step 3: drying the mixture powder obtained in the step 2 in a drying oven for a certain time, and then transferring the powder into a low-oxygen partial pressure drying oven for powder pre-oxidation treatment;
and 4, step 4: performing near net shape forming pressing on the mixture powder obtained in the step 3, wherein the pressing pressure is 200-400 MPa;
and 5: placing the pressed compact obtained in the step 4 in a vacuum sintering furnace for activation sintering, wherein the final sintering temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-4 hours;
step 6: and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the sintered blank obtained in the step (5), wherein the heat treatment adopts a graded isothermal quenching process, isothermal treatment is carried out for 2 hours at 300 ℃, then deep cooling is carried out to-196 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 24 hours, and then tempering is carried out for three times at 560-580 ℃.
The prepared ultrahigh vanadium high-speed steel adopts the processes of ball milling mixing, near net shape pressing, activation sintering and the like, can realize the mass introduction of V, the maximum can reach 45%, the maximum volume fraction of carbide can reach about 70%, and the full densification sintering is realized, thereby breaking through the limitation that the conventional smelting method introduces a large amount of VC into a high-speed steel system; the uniform introduction of VC can be realized, single MC carbide is generated, the chain distribution of VC at the interface of atomized powder during the traditional super-solid phase liquid phase sintering is effectively avoided, the wear resistance and hardness of the high-speed steel are obviously improved, the processing difficulty and production cost of the traditional cast high-vanadium steel are greatly reduced through near-net-shape forming, and the application of the high-vanadium high-speed steel in the field of tools and dies is further expanded.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the introduction of VC can improve the hardenability of steel and the high-temperature creep resistance and compression resistance of steel on one hand; on the other hand, the secondary hardening capacity can be greatly improved. The higher V content can lead the alloy elements in the steel to be totally dissolved in the VC matrix and exist in a single MC phase, while in the carbide, the hardness of VC (23-30GPa) is much higher than that of WC and Mo2C and Cr3C2This results in a MC phase consisting mainly of VC having high hardness and wear resistance.
2. The invention adopts the processes of ball milling mixing, near net forming pressing, activating sintering and the like, can realize the uniform introduction of a large amount of V (the highest V can reach 45%), can realize the maximum volume fraction of carbide reaching about 70%, and generates single MC carbide, thereby effectively avoiding the chain distribution of VC at the interface of atomized powder during the traditional super-solid phase liquid phase sintering, and obviously improving the wear resistance and hardness of high-speed steel.
3. The ultrahigh vanadium high-speed steel effectively solves the problem that the grinding performance of the material is sharply reduced when the vanadium content is high, the V content in the prepared ultrahigh vanadium high-speed steel can reach more than 40%, the carbon content of the ultrahigh vanadium high-speed steel can be accurately controlled, and the high-speed steel also shows excellent comprehensive mechanical property when the V content is 10-30%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is SEM photograph of microstructure of ultra-high vanadium high-speed steel in example 1
FIG. 2 is SEM photograph of microstructure of ultra-high vanadium high-speed steel in example 2
FIG. 3 is SEM photograph of microstructure of ultra-high vanadium high-speed steel in example 3
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the preparation and processing properties of the present invention are illustrated by specific examples, and the advantages and effects of the present invention will be fully understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification.
Example 1
1) 3.2 percent of WC and 2.8 percent of Mo, the grain size of which is 1-10 microns and the oxygen content of which is less than 0.2 percent2C、2.5％Cr3C2Carrying out ball milling and mixing on 48.6% of VC, 9% of Co, 2.5% of C and the balance of Fe in a planetary ball mill, firstly carrying out ball milling on vanadium carbide for 16 hours in advance, then adding the balance of powder, and carrying out ball milling for 24 hours to obtain mixture powder;
2) drying the mixture powder obtained in the step 1 in a drying oven for a certain time, and then transferring the powder into a low-oxygen partial pressure drying oven for powder pre-oxidation treatment;
3) performing near net shape forming pressing on the mixture powder obtained in the step 2, wherein the pressing pressure is 200 Mpa;
4) placing the pressed compact obtained in the step 3 in a vacuum sintering furnace for activation sintering, wherein the final sintering temperature is 1150 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours;
5) and (4) carrying out heat treatment on the sintered blank obtained in the step (4), wherein the heat treatment adopts a graded isothermal quenching process, the isothermal treatment is carried out for 2 hours at the temperature of 300 ℃, then the deep cooling is carried out to the temperature of-196 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 24 hours, and then the tempering is carried out for three times at the temperature of 560 ℃.
Example 2
1) Mixing 7.5% WC and 5% Mo with particle size of 1-10 μm and oxygen content less than 0.2%2C、 3.5％Cr3C2Carrying out ball milling and mixing on 26.9% of VC, 5% of Co, 3% of C and the balance of Fe in a planetary ball mill, firstly carrying out ball milling on vanadium carbide for 12 hours in advance, then adding the rest powder, and carrying out ball milling for 36 hours to obtain mixture powder;
2) drying the mixture powder obtained in the step 1 in a drying oven for a certain time, and then transferring the powder into a low-oxygen partial pressure drying oven for powder pre-oxidation treatment;
3) performing near net shape forming pressing on the mixture powder obtained in the step 2, wherein the pressing pressure is 250 Mpa;
4) placing the pressed compact obtained in the step 3 in a vacuum sintering furnace for activation sintering, wherein the final sintering temperature is 1140 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours;
5) and (4) carrying out heat treatment on the sintered blank obtained in the step (4), wherein the heat treatment adopts a graded isothermal quenching process, the isothermal treatment is carried out for 2 hours at the temperature of 300 ℃, then the deep cooling is carried out to the temperature of-196 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 24 hours, and then the tempering is carried out for three times at the temperature of 560 ℃.
Example 3
1) 5 percent of WC and 3.5 percent of Mo, the grain size of which is 1-10 microns and the oxygen content of which is less than 0.2 percent2C、 3.5％Cr3C2Carrying out ball milling and mixing on 37.4% of VC, 8.2% of Co, 3% of C and the balance of Fe in a planetary ball mill, firstly carrying out ball milling on vanadium carbide for 15 hours in advance, then adding the balance of powder, and carrying out ball milling for 24 hours to obtain mixture powder;
2) drying the mixture powder obtained in the step 1 in a drying oven for a certain time, and then transferring the powder into a low-oxygen partial pressure drying oven for powder pre-oxidation treatment;
3) performing near net shape forming pressing on the mixture powder obtained in the step 2, wherein the pressing pressure is 200 Mpa;
4) placing the pressed compact obtained in the step 3 in a vacuum sintering furnace for activation sintering, wherein the final sintering temperature is 1120 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours;
5) and (4) carrying out heat treatment on the sintered blank obtained in the step (4), wherein the heat treatment adopts a graded isothermal quenching process, isothermal treatment is carried out for 2 hours at 300 ℃, then deep cooling is carried out to-196 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 24 hours, and then tempering is carried out for three times at 580 ℃.
Claims (4)
1. The ultrahigh vanadium high speed steel is characterized by comprising the following components: w2-10%, Mo 2-5%, Cr 2-5%, V5-45%, Co 1-10%, C2-4%, and the balance of Fe.
2. The ultra-high vanadium high speed steel according to claim 1, wherein raw materials of the ultra-high vanadium high speed steel are tungsten carbide, molybdenum carbide, chromium carbide, vanadium carbide, cobalt powder, carbon black powder, high purity iron powder; the particle size of the powder is 1-10 microns, and the oxygen content of the powder is less than 0.2 percent.
3. The ultra-high vanadium high speed steel according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the ultra-high vanadium high speed steel comprises the steps of:
step 1: weighing raw material powder according to the component proportion of claim 1;
step 2: ball-milling and mixing the raw material powder weighed in the step 1 in a planetary ball mill, firstly carrying out ball-milling on vanadium carbide for 12-24 hours, then adding the rest powder, and carrying out ball-milling for 12-48 hours;
and step 3: drying the mixture powder obtained in the step 2 in a drying oven for a certain time, and then transferring the powder into a low-oxygen partial pressure drying oven for powder pre-oxidation treatment;
and 4, step 4: performing near net shape forming pressing on the mixture powder obtained in the step 3, wherein the pressing pressure is 200-400 MPa;
and 5: placing the pressed compact obtained in the step 4 in a vacuum sintering furnace for activation sintering, wherein the final sintering temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-4 hours;
step 6: and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the sintered blank obtained in the step (5), wherein the heat treatment adopts a graded isothermal quenching process, isothermal treatment is carried out for 2 hours at 300 ℃, then deep cooling is carried out to-196 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 24 hours, and then tempering is carried out for three times at 560-580 ℃.
4. The ultra-high vanadium high-speed steel according to claim 1, characterized in that ball milling mixing, near net shape pressing, activation sintering and other processes are adopted, so that a large amount of V can be introduced, the highest V can reach 45%, the maximum volume fraction of carbide can reach about 70%, full densification sintering is realized, and the limitation of introducing a large amount of VC into a high-speed steel system by a conventional smelting method is broken through; the uniform introduction of VC can be realized, single MC carbide is generated, the chain distribution of VC at the interface of atomized powder during the traditional super-solid phase liquid phase sintering is effectively avoided, the wear resistance and hardness of the high-speed steel are obviously improved, the processing difficulty and production cost of the traditional cast high-vanadium steel are greatly reduced through near-net-shape forming, and the application of the high-vanadium high-speed steel in the field of tools and dies is further expanded.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114622122A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-06-14 | 长沙市萨普新材料有限公司 | High-niobium iron-based superhard material and preparation method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1384658A (en) * | 1972-02-02 | 1975-02-19 | Elektrometallurgie Mbh Ges Fue | Sinterable complex ferroalloys |
| US4519839A (en) * | 1981-04-08 | 1985-05-28 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Sintered high vanadium high speed steel and method of making same |
| CN101153376A (en) * | 2006-09-26 | 2008-04-02 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel |
| CN108642402A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-10-12 | 湘潭大学 | Novel aluminum nitride dispersion-strengtherning powder metallurgy aluminium high-speed steel and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1384658A (en) * | 1972-02-02 | 1975-02-19 | Elektrometallurgie Mbh Ges Fue | Sinterable complex ferroalloys |
| US4519839A (en) * | 1981-04-08 | 1985-05-28 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Sintered high vanadium high speed steel and method of making same |
| CN101153376A (en) * | 2006-09-26 | 2008-04-02 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel |
| CN108642402A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-10-12 | 湘潭大学 | Novel aluminum nitride dispersion-strengtherning powder metallurgy aluminium high-speed steel and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114622122A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-06-14 | 长沙市萨普新材料有限公司 | High-niobium iron-based superhard material and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20220218 |