CN111643557B - 一种防治下肢深静脉血栓后遗症期的药物组合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种防治下肢深静脉血栓后遗症期的药物组合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种防治下肢深静脉血栓后遗症期的药物组合物及其制备方法和用途,属于中药领域。该药物组合物是由如下重量配比的原料药制备而成的制剂:黄芪30~50份,桃仁5~20份,红花5~20份,川芎10~20份,当归尾10~20份,赤芍10~20份,益母草20~40份,茯苓10~30份,牡丹皮10~20份,丹参10~30份,威灵仙10~20份,羌活5~10份,水蛭1~10份,三七1~10份,党参10~30份,白术10~20份。该组合物各药物配伍精当,能够益气活血、通利脉道,可有效治疗下肢深静脉血栓后遗症期,效果与临床上常用的西药利伐沙班相当,且费用更为低廉;同时该组合物对肝肾损伤小,不良反应发生率低,可用于长期治疗。本发明采用丸剂制备,煎煮及携带更便利,有利于长期服用,且丸剂性质更为平和,安全性更佳。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药领域,具体涉及一种防治下肢深静脉血栓后遗症期的药物组合物及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
下肢深静脉血栓形成(lower extremity deep venous thrombosis,LDVT,又称下肢深静脉血栓)是临床常见病,属于中医“股肿”范畴,大手术、创伤、长期卧床、肢体制动等均为其常见诱发因素,可导致肺动脉栓塞、血栓形成后综合征,严重影响患者的生活质量,甚至导致死亡。本病分为急性期(14天内)、迁延期(14天~3月)及后遗症期(3月后)。对于本病的治疗目前主要集中在急性期和迁延期,对于后遗症期的关注较少。
下肢深静脉血栓后遗症期也称为深静脉血栓形成后综合征(post-thrombosissyndrome,PTS),是下肢深静脉血栓形成后,未得到及时治疗或治疗不彻底,血栓经过机化、管道化和内膜化的修复过程,以及阻塞、不完全再通或完全再通后所遗留的慢性病变,也称慢性下肢静脉阻塞,这是相当复杂的病理生理过程。据报道,在诊断为LDVT的最初2年内,即使经过规范的抗凝治疗,仍有20%~50%的患者发展为PTS,患者一旦进入后遗症期,指南建议需长期服用甚至终身服用抗凝药物,但传统抗凝药华法林长期治疗有较高的出血风险,且需严密监测凝血指标;而新型抗凝药如利伐沙班、达比加群、阿哌沙班等NOAC类药物虽减少了频繁抽血的痛苦、降低了出血风险,但价格昂贵,并且主要通过肾脏代谢,长期服用难以避免肝肾功损害的风险,尤其对于老年人群、肾功异常人群,不利于长期抗凝溶栓。
中药的单药或复方在抗凝方面疗效确切,且费用低廉,但目前有报道的实验组方多以活血化瘀为主、兼清热祛湿之法,虽有一定疗效,但却忽视了对其病因的治疗。针对中老年、体弱、久病卧床、骨科创伤后制动、骨科大手术后患者单一应用攻法,可能会进一步耗伤气阴,致脉道凝涩,血行缓慢,反而增加下肢深静脉血栓形成的风险,且过多使用寒凉药物,有留瘀之嫌,显然不能适用于血栓患者的长期服用。专利CN105267535公开了一种防治术后下肢深静脉血栓的药物,该药物由水蛭、鸡血藤、丹参、怀牛膝、血竭、三七粉、桃仁、草红花、熟地黄、川芎、赤芍、当归尾、黄芪、炒白术、茯苓、党参、黄连、黄柏、苍术、金银花、木瓜和生甘草制备而成;其中,水蛭为君药,丹参、怀牛膝、血竭、三七粉、当归尾、桃仁、草红花、熟地黄、川芎、赤芍、鸡血藤为臣药。该配方虽然益气活血,但主要功效为预防术后下肢深静脉血栓,且无其在下肢深静脉血栓后遗症期的应用支撑;同时,从配伍上看,其搭配了黄连、黄柏、金银花、木瓜等清热、利湿药物,且在原方中占据了一定比例,药性略偏于寒凉,更适用于气虚血瘀、兼夹湿热者,并不完全适用于所有血栓患者。
提供一种防治LDVT后遗症期效果良好,副作用小、价格实惠,且适用于长期服用的药物组合物具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种防治下肢深静脉血栓后遗症期的药物组合物及其制备方法和用途。
本发明提供了一种防治下肢深静脉血栓后遗症期的药物组合物,它是由如下重量配比的原料药制备而成的制剂:黄芪30~50份,桃仁5~20份,红花5~20份,川芎10~20份,当归尾10~20份,赤芍10~20份,益母草20~40份,茯苓10~30份,牡丹皮10~20份,丹参10~30份,威灵仙10~20份,羌活5~10份,水蛭1~10份,三七1~10份,党参10~30份,白术10~20份。
进一步地,前述的药物组合物是由如下重量配比的原料药制备而成的制剂:黄芪30~50份,桃仁9~20份,红花9~20份,川芎10~20份,当归尾10~20份,赤芍10~20份,益母草20~40份,茯苓12~30份,牡丹皮12~20份,丹参15~30份,威灵仙10~15份,羌活5~10份,水蛭1~5份,三七5~10份,党参15~30份,白术10~20份。
进一步地,前述的药物组合物是由如下重量配比的原料药制备而成的制剂:黄芪40份,桃仁10份,红花10份,川芎12份,当归尾12份,赤芍15份,益母草30份,茯苓15份,牡丹皮15份,丹参20份,威灵仙10份,羌活6份,水蛭3份,三七6份,党参20份,白术15份。
进一步地,前述的药物组合物是由各重量配比原料药的原生药粉、水或有机溶剂提取物,加入药学上可接受的辅料或者辅助性成分制备而成的制剂。
进一步地,所述制剂为口服制剂;
优选地,所述口服制剂为汤剂、散剂、丸剂、片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂。
进一步地,所述口服制剂为丸剂;
优选地,所述丸剂为蜜丸。
本发明还提供了一种前述的药物组合物的制备方法,它包括如下步骤:
取各重量配比的原料药,直接打粉,或者加入水或有机溶剂提取,再加入药学上可接受的辅料或者辅助性成分,即得。
进一步地,前述的制备方法包括如下步骤:取各重量配比的原料药,加入饮用水煎煮1~3次,过滤,合并滤液,即得。
进一步地,前述的制备方法包括如下步骤:取各重量配比的原料药,低温干燥粉碎后加入蜂蜜制成蜜丸;
优选地,所述低温干燥粉碎后过100目;
和/或,所述蜂蜜含水量为14%~16%,相对密度为1.37~1.40;
更优选地,所述原料药和蜂蜜的质量比为1:1。
本发明还提供了前述的药物组合物在制备防治下肢深静脉血栓后遗症期的药物中的用途;
优选地,所述药物为降低血栓个数的药物;
和/或,所述药物为治疗局部瘙痒、肿胀、疼痛的药物。
本发明药物组合物由黄芪、桃仁、红花、川芎、当归尾、赤芍、益母草、茯苓、牡丹皮、丹参、水蛭、三七、威灵仙、羌活、党参和白术制备而成。当归尾为中药当归的尾部。
本方重用黄芪、党参,甘温补益元气,意在气旺则血行,血行则瘀去络通,为方中君药。当归尾活血通络而不伤血,丹参活血调经,养血消瘀,通利关脉,用为臣药。赤芍、桃仁、红花、牡丹皮、三七助当归尾、丹参以活血祛瘀为佐药;川芎善于行血养血,为血中气药,威灵仙辛温通散,性猛散走,能通行十二经以疏通经络,善去久积症瘕,癖气块,羌活辛、苦、温,主载血脉之流行,三者均属“风药”,辛散轻扬,温通走窜以达活血化瘀之功,且无留瘀之弊,水蛭取力专善走,破血逐瘀,利水道的作用,周行全身,以行药力,均为佐药。白术为健脾胃要药,本方中功在健脾益气,利水祛湿,和气调中;茯苓利水行痰,通补兼长,可健脾除湿;益母草祛风清热,除湿止痛,《本经》记载可治虚热湿毒肿痛,亦为佐药。综合全方,补气药与活血药相伍,使气旺血行以治本,祛瘀通络以治标,标本兼顾;且补气而不壅滞,活血又不伤正,合而用之,则气旺、瘀消、络通,诸症向愈。
本发明药物组合物各药物配伍精当,能够益气活血、通利脉道,可有效治疗下肢深静脉血栓后遗症期,效果与临床上常用的西药利伐沙班相当,且费用更为低廉;同时该药物组合物对肾功损伤小,出血风险低,可用于长期治疗。本发明采用丸剂制备,不仅避免了中药煎煮及携带不便的弊端,有利于长期服用,且丸剂性质更为平和,安全性更佳。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
本发明具体实施方式中使用的原料、设备均为已知产品,通过购买市售产品获得。
实施例1、本发明药物组合物的制备
原料药配方(1剂):黄芪40g、桃仁10g、红花10g、川芎12g、当归尾12g、赤芍15g、益母草30g、茯苓15g、牡丹皮15g、丹参20g、威灵仙10g、羌活6g、水蛭3g、三七6g、党参20g、白术15g。
制备方法:取3剂原料药装入一次性无纺纱布,使用符合国家卫生标准的饮用水900mL将药材充分浸泡30分钟,采用煎药机(北京东华原医疗设备有限责任公司生产,型号:YJD13-GL)经武火煮开后文火煎煮,常压下共煎煮30分钟,双重过滤及灭菌后留取滤液;再次加入饮用水700mL,二次煎煮20分钟后取滤液;三次加入500mL饮用水,煎煮15分钟,合并所有滤液,共得滤液1350mL,为本发明药物组合物汤剂。采用中药汤剂包装机(北京东华原医疗设备有限责任公司生产,型号:YB50-250)将滤液分装入150mL真空包装袋中。
实施例2、本发明药物组合物的制备
原料药配方:黄芪400g、桃仁100g、红花100g、川芎120g、当归尾120g、赤芍150g、益母草300g、茯苓150g、牡丹皮150g、丹参200g、威灵仙100g、羌活60g、水蛭30g、三七60g、党参200g、白术150g。
制备方法:将原料药低温干燥粉碎过100目,蜂蜜在116~118℃炼制成含水量达14%~16%、相对密度为1.37左右的中蜜,按质量比1:1的比例取药粉和炼蜜至容器内搅拌成软硬适宜可塑性好的丸块,将丸块搓成均匀一致的丸条,将丸条通过搓丸板或轧丸机制成蜜丸,即得本发明药物组合物丸剂,每丸重量为6克。
实施例3、本发明药物组合物的制备
原料药配方:黄芪30g、桃仁9g、红花9g、川芎10g、当归尾10g、赤芍10g、益母草20g、茯苓12g、牡丹皮12g、丹参15g、威灵仙10g、羌活5g、水蛭1g、三七5g、党参15g、白术10g。
制备方法:同实施例2。
实施例4、本发明药物组合物的制备
原料药配方:黄芪50g、桃仁20g、红花20g、川芎20g、当归尾20g、赤芍20g、益母草40g、茯苓30g、牡丹皮20g、丹参30g、威灵仙15g、羌活10g、水蛭5g、三七10g、党参30g、白术20g。
制备方法:同实施例2。
以下通过具体的试验例证明本发明的有益效果。
试验例1、本发明药物组合物的临床疗效
1、临床资料
本病例研究来源于2018年10月~2019年12月四川省骨科医院经利伐沙班(拜耳医药保健有限公司,进口药品注册证号:H20140132,规格:10mg/片,服法:15mg/次,每天两次,连服3周,3周后改为指20mg/次,每天一次)标准化抗凝溶栓治疗3个月,仍存在血栓未消失和/或D-D异常的骨科手术后、骨科创伤、肢体制动、长期卧床、老年体弱患者共103例,将患者随机分为实验组和对照组,其中实验组54例,男性18例,女性36例,平均年龄(55.93±15.12)岁,有29例存在血栓,有25例D-D高于正常水平;对照组49例,男性20例,女性29例,平均年龄(55.91±15.05)岁,有25例存在血栓,24例D-D高于正常水平。两组在性别、年龄、血栓及D-D水平比较上无统计学差异,P>0.05,具有可比性。
1.1诊断标准
1.1.1西医诊断标准
参照中国中西医结合学会周围血管疾病专业委员会制定的《下肢深静脉血栓形成诊断及疗效标准》(2015年修订稿)[中国中西医结合学会周围血管疾病专业委员会.下肢深静脉血栓形成诊断及疗效标准(2015年修订稿)[J]. 中国中西医结合外科杂志,2016,22(5):520-521.]执行:
①患肢胀痛或剧痛,股三角区或小腿有明显压痛;患肢皮肤呈暗红色,温度升高;浅静脉怒张;Homans征阳性;
②多有卧床、手术、创伤、恶性肿瘤、旅行、血栓形成倾向、既往静脉血栓栓塞史、妊娠等危险因素;
③超声多普勒、静脉血流图和静脉造影等可以确诊;
④急性期血浆D-二聚体明显高于正常。
符合上述①-④,并排除急性动脉栓塞、急性淋巴管炎、丹毒、原发性盆腔肿瘤、小腿损伤性血肿、小腿肌纤维组织炎等疾病。
1.1.2中医诊断标准
参照《中医病证证诊断疗效标准》[国家中医药管理局医政司.中医病证诊断疗效标准[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2014.]中关于股肿的诊断标准执行:
①小腿血栓性深静脉炎:腓肠肌疼痛肿胀,有挤压痛,足背屈时疼痛加重,胫足踝水肿。
②髂股静脉血栓性静脉炎:起病急,发热,自臀部以下整个下肢水肿疼痛,大腿内侧股三角处有明显触痛,皮肤发白,重侧紫绀,皮温増高。慢性期,肿胀减轻,浅静脉扩张充盈,皮肤増厚,小腿可出现色素沉着。
③个别病例可因血栓脱落引起肺栓塞时,则有胸痛,呼吸困难,咳嗽,咯血,面色紫绀,血压下降,甚至厥脱。
④有长期卧床,久坐不动,外伤,产祷,盆腹腔手术,肿瘤或其它血管病史。
⑤急性期血白细胞总数増高,静脉血流图、超声多普勒、静脉造影有助诊断。
1.1.3分期标准
参照中国中西医结合学会周围血管疾病专业委员会制定的《下肢深静脉血栓形成诊断及疗效标准》(2015年修订稿)[中国中西医结合学会周围血管疾病专业委员会.下肢深静脉血栓形成诊断及疗效标准(2015年修订稿)[J]. 中国中西医结合外科杂志,2016,22(5):520-521.]中关于分期的标准执行:
①急性期:发病后14天以内;
②迁延期:发病后14天~3个月内;
③后遗症期:发病3个月后。
1.2纳入标准
①符合上述诊断标准者,且经正规溶栓治疗3个月,目前处于后遗症期者;
②无抗凝禁忌症;
③患者或其家属同意溶栓治疗并签字。
1.3排除标准
①对已知方案所用药物成分过敏者;
②凝血障碍伴有出血倾向者;伴有严重肝、肾、心脏功能异常者;伴有急性脑血管意外或颅脑损伤;精神疾病、意识障碍不能配合者;
③既往有血管外科手术史,合并有下肢静脉血管的慢性疾病,严重的动静脉功能障碍者。
2、治疗方法
(1)对照组
给予口服利伐沙班减量维持治疗,用药剂量为10mg/次,每天一次,连续服用3月。
(2)实验组
给予实施例2制备的药物组合物(蜜丸,6g/丸),嚼后温水送服,1丸/次,每天两次,连续服用3月。
3、观察指标
(1)血栓转阴率:经血管彩超评价血栓是否消失,消失则视为转阴;转阴率=(治疗前血栓个数-治疗后血栓个数)/治疗前血栓个数╳100%;
(2)D-D转阴率:D-D水平是抗栓治疗是否有效的评价指标,D-D显著降低,则说明抗栓治疗效果佳。D-D恢复至正常水平,即为转阴;转阴率=(治疗前D-D水平升高个数-治疗后D-D水平升高个数)/治疗前D-D水平升高个数╳100%;
(3)凝血及纤溶指标
(4)出血发生率
(5)肝肾损伤发生率
4、治疗结果
所有患者均完成了为期3个月的治疗,无一例脱落、剔除。
(1)两组血栓转阴率比较
治疗3个月后,实验组血栓转阴率96.55%,对照组血栓转阴率88%,无显著统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组转阴率均高于对照组,采用确切概率法比较转阴率,结果显示血栓转阴率差异无统计学意义,但实验组血栓存在的1例患者继续服用该组方3月后,血栓均消失。见表1。
表1.两组患者血栓转阴率比较(n,%)
(2)两组D-D转阴率比较
治疗3个月后,实验组D-D转阴率为76%,对照组D-D转阴率为29.17%,两组转阴率比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),实验组优于对照组。提示,实验组的抗凝溶栓效果优于对照组。见表2。
表2.两组患者D-D转阴率比较(n,%)
(3)两组凝血、纤溶指标比较
比较对照组患者治疗前后的凝血和纤溶指标发现,利伐沙班减量治疗后,凝血指标APTT、PT、INR指标显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),凝血指标TT、FIB较治疗前有降低但无统计学差异(P>0.05);纤溶指标FDP、D-D、FM较治疗前有降低但无统计学差异(P>0.05)。实验组用药后凝血指标PT(P<0.001)、INR(P<0.001)、TT(P<0.05)、FIB(P<0.005)等指标显著降低,差异有统计学意义,APTT较治疗前有降低但无统计学差异(P>0.05);纤溶指标FDP、D-D、FM等显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。见表3。
与治疗前相比,*表示P<0.05,Δ表示P<0.005,#表示P<0.001。
(4)两组出血发生率比较
两组在整个治疗过程中均未发生出血事件,无统计学差异,提示两种治疗方法出血风险相当。
(5)两组肝肾功损伤发生率比较
对照组和实验组分别有8例(16.33%)和3例(5.56%)出现肝功损伤,两组比较差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组有11例(22.45%)出现肾功能异常,实验组有3例(5.56%)出现肾功损伤,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表4。
表4.实验组和对照组肝、肾功损伤发生率对比(n,%)
注:采用连续校正χ2检验。
综上,本发明药物组合物各药物配伍精当,能够益气活血、通利脉道,可有效治疗下肢深静脉血栓后遗症期,效果与临床上常用的西药利伐沙班相当,且费用更为低廉;同时该药物组合物对肾功损伤小,出血风险低,可用于长期治疗。本发明采用丸剂制备,不仅避免了中药煎煮及携带不便的弊端,有利于长期服用,且丸剂性质更为平和,安全性更佳。
Claims (13)
1.一种益气活血、通利脉道、防治下肢深静脉血栓后遗症期的药物组合物,其特征在于:它是由如下重量配比的原料药制备而成的制剂:黄芪40份,桃仁10份,红花10份,川芎12份,当归尾12份,赤芍15份,益母草30份,茯苓15份,牡丹皮15份,丹参20份,威灵仙10份,羌活6份,水蛭3份,三七6份,党参20份,白术15份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其特征在于:它是由各重量配比原料药的原生药粉、水或有机溶剂提取物,加入药学上可接受的辅料或者辅助性成分制备而成的制剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的药物组合物,其特征在于:所述制剂为口服制剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的药物组合物,其特征在于:所述口服制剂为汤剂、散剂、丸剂、片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的药物组合物,其特征在于:所述口服制剂为丸剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的药物组合物,其特征在于:所述丸剂为蜜丸。
7.一种权利要求1~6任一项所述的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:它包括如下步骤:
取各重量配比的原料药,直接打粉,或者加入水或有机溶剂提取,再加入药学上可接受的辅料或者辅助性成分,即得。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:它包括如下步骤:取各重量配比的原料药,加入饮用水煎煮1~3次,过滤,合并滤液,即得。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:它包括如下步骤:取各重量配比的原料药,低温干燥粉碎后加入蜂蜜制成蜜丸。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述低温干燥粉碎后过100目;
和/或,所述蜂蜜含水量为14%~16%,相对密度为1.37~1.40。
11.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述原料药和蜂蜜的质量比为1:1。
12.权利要求1~6任一项所述的药物组合物在制备防治下肢深静脉血栓后遗症期的药物中的用途。
13.根据权利要求12所述的用途,其特征在于:所述药物为降低血栓个数的药物;
和/或,所述药物为治疗局部瘙痒、肿胀、疼痛的药物。
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