CN104435151A - 治疗高血压的中药制剂及制法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗高血压的中药制剂，主要由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份：柴胡10-20，青黛6-10，黄芩8-12，徐长卿6-10，党参9-15，藁本7-13，茯苓6-9，羚羊角8-15，龙骨7-10，牡蛎7-10，麦饭石9-15，酒大黄6-9。本发明可制成多种剂型，有效成分稳定，疗效显著持久，所选材料廉价易得，能够减轻患者经济压力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中医中药领域，特别是涉及一种治疗高血压的中药制剂及制法。
背景技术
高血压，是一种动脉血压升高的慢性病症。血压的升高使心脏推动血液在血管内循环时的负担增大。血压有两种，收缩压和舒张压，分别为心脏跳动时肌肉收缩或舒张时的测量值。正常静息血压范围为收缩压100–140毫米汞柱mmHg（最高读数）和舒张压60–90毫米汞柱mmHg（最低读数）。血压持续等于或高于140/90毫米汞柱mmHg时则为高血压。高血压会引起中风、心脏病、血管瘤、肾衰竭等疾病，高血压是一种以动脉压升高为特征，可伴有心脏、血管、脑和肾脏等器官功能性或器质性改变的全身性疾病，它有原发性高血压和继发性高血压之分。在绝大多数患者中，高血压的病因不明，称之为原发性高血压，占总高血压着的95%以上。继发性高血压则是继发于其他疾病。最常见的是由肾脏及肾上腺疾病所致，以及内分泌性高血压。此外，按起病缓急和病程进展，可分为缓进型和急进型，以缓进型多见。急进型高血压也称恶性高血压，占高血压病的1%，可由缓进型突然转变而来，也可起病。恶性高血压可发生在任何年龄，但以30-40岁为最多见。血压明显升高，舒张压多在17.3Kpa(130mmHg)以上，有乏力，口渴、多尿等症状。视力迅速减退，眼底有视网膜出血及渗出，常有双侧视神经乳头水肿。迅速出现蛋白尿，血尿及肾功能不全。也可发生心力衰竭，高血压脑病和高血压危象，病程进展迅速多死于尿毒症。血压升高是多种疾病的导火索，会使冠心病、心力衰竭及肾脏疾患等疾病的发病风险增高。由于部分高血压患者并无明显的临床症状，高血压又被称为人类健康的“无形杀手”。对于高血压，西医采用降压药治疗，如依那普利、尼群地平、硝普钠、可乐宁、氯噻酮等，具体要根据个人和病情级别的不同进行用药，中医有枕疗法、按摩法（头部和足部）和茶疗法等多种疗法和辅助疗法。
公开号CN 102940787 A（申请号201210445851.8）的中国专利文献公开了一种治疗高血压的中药，由熟地5-10g、罗布麻叶5-10g，三七参叶5-8g，柿叶5-8g，葛根10-15g，红景天10-15g，胶股蓝10-15g，荷叶5-8g，当归10-15g、白芍10-15g、川芎10-15g、黄芪10-15g、党参10-15g、白术10-15g、茯苓5-10g、山木香5-10g、怀山药10-20g、杜仲10-15g、木通10-15g、菊花5-10g，山楂5-10g、丹参10-15g、桑叶5-10g、天麻10-15g和银杏叶5-10g配制而成。公开号CN 103316244 A（申请号201310262665.5）的中国专利文献公开了一种治疗高血压的中药，组成有白茅根50～60份、三白草50～60份、虎杖40～50份、大蓟20～25份、小蓟20～25份。公开号CN 103735644 A（申请号201410029288.5）的中国专利文献公开了一种治疗高血压药，可由熊胆汁0.5～3.2%、猪胆汁0.7～8.6%、干燥白芍30～70%、干燥菊花23～56%、等量的鲜芹菜叶和根压出的汁8％～15％、浓度为15%的食醋2.8～10%制成。
高血压是一种慢性病，需要长期服药治疗才能控制血压的升高，而长期服用降压药除了容易引起血管硬化和破裂，并导致脑血管栓塞、中风等疾病，而且费用昂贵，给患者的治疗容易造成安全隐患和沉重的经济负担，相对于西药的治疗方法，中医药的治疗和辅助治疗更适合高血压患者，无副作用或副作用很小，适合长期服用。一些中医药配方疗效较差，因此，还需进一步研究疗效较好的配方。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种安全无毒副作用、服用方便、易久服的治疗高血压的中药制剂及制法。
本发明的技术方案是：
治疗高血压的中药制剂，主要由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份：柴胡10-20，青黛6-10，黄芩8-12，徐长卿6-10，党参9-15，藁本7-13，茯苓6-9，羚羊角8-15，龙骨7-10，牡蛎7-10，麦饭石9-15，酒大黄6-9。
优选的方案中，柴胡13-17，青黛7-9，黄芩9-11，徐长卿7-9，党参10-14，藁本9-11，茯苓7-8，羚羊角10-13，龙骨8-9，牡蛎8-9，麦饭石10-14，酒大黄7-8。
更加优选的，柴胡15，青黛8，黄芩10，徐长卿8，党参12，藁本10，茯苓7.5，羚羊角11.5，龙骨8.5，牡蛎8.5，麦饭石12，酒大黄7.5
所述治疗高血压的中药制剂汤剂的制备方法是：
（1）取羚羊角，置温水中浸渍后，捞出，镑成纵向薄片，晾干；
（2）将徐长卿和藁本洗净，用醋拌匀，润透，切成小段，置于锅内用文火加热炒干，取出，放凉；
（3）将龙骨和牡蛎洗净，投入醋中，大火煮10分钟，取出，干燥，碾碎；
（4）将步骤（1）所制药材置于非铁质容器内，加水没过药材3cm，大火煮开转小火煎煮2小时，然后加入步骤（3）所制药材，继续煎煮40分钟，最后加入步骤（2）所制药材和其他药材（青黛除外），并加水没过药材2cm，煮开后，用小火煎，过滤，收集滤液；
（5）取青黛去杂质，水飞，晒干，研成细末，加入步骤（4）所制滤液中，搅匀，即得汤剂。
所述的治疗高血压的中药制剂汤剂的制备方法，步骤（4）用小火煎20-30分钟（优选的，转小火煎22-28分钟；更加优选的，转小火煎25分钟）。
所述散剂的制备方法是：
（1）将徐长卿和藁本洗净，用醋拌匀，润透，切成小段，置于锅内用文火加热炒干，取出，放凉；
（2）将龙骨和牡蛎洗净，投入醋中，大火煮10分钟，取出，干燥，碾碎；
（3）取饭麦石去杂质，加其质量6倍的水，煮沸25分钟后，过滤，加热浓缩，喷雾干燥；
（4）将羚羊角去骨塞，锉碎，研成细粉；
（5）将其他药材（青黛除外）去杂质，洗净，烘干，与上述步骤（1）（2）（3）（4）所制药材一起粉碎过筛，再与水飞后的青黛混匀，即得散剂。
所述的治疗高血压的中药制剂散剂的制备方法，步骤（5）粉碎过筛160-240目（优选的，粉碎过180-220目；优选的，粉碎过200目筛）。
所述的丸剂的制备方法是：
（1）取羚羊角，置温水中浸渍后，捞出，镑成纵向薄片，晾干；
（2）将徐长卿和藁本洗净，用醋拌匀，润透，切成小段，置于锅内用文火加热炒干，取出，放凉；
（3）将龙骨和牡蛎洗净，投入醋中，大火煮10分钟，取出，干燥，碾碎；
（4）将步骤（1）所制药材置于非铁质容器内，加水没过药材3cm，大火煮开转小火煎煮2小时，然后加入步骤（3）所制药材，继续煎煮40分钟，最后加入步骤（2）所制药材和其他药材（青黛除外），并加水没过药材2cm，煮开后，用小火煎，过滤，收集滤液；
（5）将步骤（4）所剩滤渣，加水煎煮，过滤，合并两次滤液，加热浓缩，喷雾干燥，与水飞后的青黛，粉碎过180目筛，混匀，加入炼蜜，和成面团，搓条，和丸，制得丸剂。
所述的治疗高血压的中药制剂丸剂的制备方法，步骤（5）中炼蜜的量为药粉质量的0.4倍。
所述的片剂的制备方法是：
（1）将徐长卿和藁本洗净，用醋拌匀，润透，切成小段，置于锅内用文火加热炒干，取出，放凉；
（2）将龙骨和牡蛎洗净，投入醋中，大火煮10分钟，取出，干燥，碾碎；
（3）取饭麦石去杂质，加其质量6倍的水，煮沸25分钟后，过滤，加热浓缩，喷雾干燥；
（4）将羚羊角去骨塞，锉碎，研成细粉；
（5）将其他药材（青黛除外）去杂质，洗净，烘干，与上述步骤（1）（2）（3）（4）所制药材一起粉碎过筛，再与水飞后的青黛混匀，制得药粉，与辅料搅拌均匀，按照片剂的加工制备方法，制成片剂。
所述的治疗高血压的中药制剂片剂的制备方法，步骤（5）每片中药粉的计量为0.20-0.35g（优选的，每片中药粉的计量为0.22-0.32g；更加优选的，每片中药粉的计量为0.30g）。
本发明提供的治疗高血压的中药制剂根据中医药原则，合理配伍，经多年研究得到，所得产品服用方便、便于携带。除此之外，本发明的优良效果还表现在：
1、本发明可制成多种剂型，有效成分稳定，疗效持久；
2、本组方具有清热解毒、平肝熄风、疏肝升阳功效；
3、所选材料廉价易得，能够减轻患者经济压力。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和实验例详细说明本发明的技术方案，但保护范围不限于此。
本发明所用主要中药原料的药理如下：
柴胡：基原：为伞形科植物柴胡或狭叶柴胡的干燥根。性味：苦，微寒。归经：归肝、胆经。功能主治：和解表里，疏肝，升阳。用于感冒发热，寒热往来，胸胁胀痛，月经不调，子官脱垂，脱肛。
青黛：基原：为爵床科植物马蓝、蓼科植物蓼蓝或十字花科植物菘蓝的叶或茎叶经加工制得的干燥粉末或团块。性味：咸，寒。归经：归肝经。功能主治：清热解毒，凉血，定惊。用于温毒发斑，血热吐衄，胸痛咳血，口疮，痄腮，喉痹，小儿惊痫。
黄芩：基原：为唇形科植物黄芩的干燥根。性味：苦，寒。归经：归肺、胆、脾、大肠、小肠经。功能主治：清热燥湿，泻火解毒，止血，安胎。用于湿温、暑温胸闷呕恶，湿热痞满，泻痢，黄疸，肺热咳嗽，高热烦渴，血热吐衄，痈肿疮毒，胎动不安。
徐长卿：基原：为萝藦科牛皮消属植物徐长卿的干燥根及根茎。性味：辛，温。归经：归肝、胃经。功能主治：祛风化湿，止痛止痒。用于风湿痹痛，胃痛胀满，牙痛，腰痛，跌扑损伤，荨麻疹、湿疹。
党参：基原：为桔梗科植物党参、素花党参（西党参）或川党参的干燥根。性味：甘，平。归经：归脾、肺经。功能主治：补中益气，健脾益肺。用于脾肺虚弱，气短心悸，食少便溏，虚喘咳嗽，内热消渴。
藁本：基原：为伞形科藁本属植物藁本或辽藁本的干燥根茎及根。性味：辛，温。归经：功能主治：祛风，散寒，除湿，止痛。用于风寒感冒，巅顶疼痛，风湿肢节痹痛。
茯苓：基原：为多孔菌科真菌茯苓 的干燥菌核。性味：甘、淡，平。归经：归心、肺、脾、肾经。功能主治：利水渗湿，健脾宁心。用于水肿尿少，痰饮眩悸，脾虚食少，便溏泄泻，心神不安，惊悸失眠。
羚羊角：基原：为牛科羚羊属动物赛加羚羊的角。成分：赛加羚羊角含角蛋白，磷酸钙，不溶性无机盐，赖氨酸，丝氨酸，谷氨酸，苯丙氨酸，亮氨酸，天冬氨酸等。药性：咸，寒。归肝、心经。功用主治：平肝熄风，清肝明目，清血解毒。主治肝风内动，惊痫抽搐，筋脉拘挛；肝阳头痛眩晕，肝火目赤肿痛以及血热出血，温病发斑，痈肿疮毒。
龙骨（生龙骨）：基原：为古代哺乳动物象类、犀类、三趾马、牛类、鹿类等的骨骼化石。性味：涩、甘，平。归经：归心、肝、肾、大肠经。功能主治：镇惊安神，敛汗固精，止血涩肠，生肌敛疮。治惊痫癫狂，怔忡健忘，失眠多梦，自汗盗汗，遗精淋浊，吐衄便血，崩漏带下，泻痢脱肛，溃疡久不收口。
牡蛎（生牡蛎）：基原：为牡蛎科动物近江牡蛎、长牡蛎或大连湾牡蛎等的贝壳。性味：咸湿，凉。归经：入肝、肾经。功能主治：敛阴，潜阳，止汗，涩精，化痰，软坚。治惊痫，眩晕，自汗，盗汗，遗精，淋浊，崩漏，带下，瘰疬，瘿瘤。
麦饭石：基原：为中酸性火成岩类岩石石英二长斑岩。成分：中华麦饭石主要成分有二氧化硅，氧化铝，氧化铁，氧化亚铁，氧化镁，氧化钙，氧化钠，氧化钾，二氧化钛，五氧化二磷，氧化锰，二氧化碳，以及氟、硫、锶、钡、铜、锌等微量元素。药性：《纲目》：“甘，温，无毒。”功用主治：解毒生肌，祛湿健脾。主治痈疽发背，痤疮，湿疹，脚气，痱子，手指皲裂，黄褐斑，牙痛，口腔溃疡，风湿痹痛，腰背痛，慢性肝炎，胃炎，痢疾，糖尿病，神经衰弱，外伤红肿，高血压病，老年性血管硬化，肿瘤，尿路结石。一般作保健用品。宜忌：外敷时需研极细末，否则易引起疼痛。
酒大黄：大黄：为蓼科植物掌叶大黄、 唐古特大黄或药用大黄的干燥根及根茎。酒大黄：取大黄片用黄酒均匀喷淋，微焖，置锅内用文火微炒，取出晾干。性味：苦，寒。归经：归脾、胃、大肠、肝、心包经。功能主治：泻热通肠，凉血解毒，逐瘀通经。用于实热便秘，积滞腹痛，泻痢不爽，湿热黄疸，血热吐衄，目赤，咽肿，肠痈腹痛，痈肿疔疮，瘀血经闭，跌打损伤，外治水火烫伤；上消化道出血。
实施例1 治疗高血压的中药制剂，主要由下列原料药制备而成：柴胡10g，青黛6g，黄芩8g，徐长卿6g，党参9g，藁本7g，茯苓6g，羚羊角8g，龙骨7g，牡蛎7g，麦饭石9g，酒大黄6g。
上述治疗高血压的中药制剂汤剂的制备方法是：
（1）取羚羊角，置温水中浸渍后，捞出，镑成纵向薄片，晾干；
（2）将徐长卿和藁本洗净，用醋拌匀，润透，切成小段，置于锅内用文火加热炒干，取出，放凉；
（3）将龙骨和牡蛎洗净，投入醋中，大火煮10分钟，取出，干燥，碾碎；
（4）将步骤（1）所制药材置于非铁质容器内，加水没过药材3cm，大火煮开转小火煎煮2小时，然后加入步骤（3）所制药材，继续煎煮40分钟，最后加入步骤（2）所制药材和其他药材（青黛除外），并加水没过药材2cm，煮开后，用小火煎25分钟，过滤，收集滤液；
（5）取青黛去杂质，水飞，晒干，研成细末，加入步骤（4）所制滤液中，搅匀，即得汤剂。
实施例2 治疗高血压的中药制剂，主要由下列原料药制备而成：柴胡20g，青黛10g，黄芩12g，徐长卿10g，党参15g，藁本13g，茯苓9g，羚羊角15g，龙骨10g，牡蛎10g，麦饭石15g，酒大黄9g。
治疗高血压的中药制剂散剂的制备方法是：
（1）将徐长卿和藁本洗净，用醋拌匀，润透，切成小段，置于锅内用文火加热炒干，取出，放凉；
（2）将龙骨和牡蛎洗净，投入醋中，大火煮10分钟，取出，干燥，碾碎；
（3）取饭麦石去杂质，加其质量6倍的水，煮沸25分钟后，过滤，加热浓缩，喷雾干燥；
（4）将羚羊角去骨塞，锉碎，研成细粉；
（5）将其他药材（青黛除外）去杂质，洗净，烘干，与上述步骤（1）（2）（3）（4）所制药材一起粉碎过200目筛，再与水飞后的青黛混匀，即得散剂。
典型病例：xxx，女，53岁。病史：患有高血压4年，头晕、心悸、胸闷、健忘、腰酸、四肢无力、苔暗红，脉弦细，血压（168/103毫米汞柱）。试过许多药，但治疗效果都不理想，多是只能暂时控制血压，一旦停药就会反弹，常年被病痛折磨。
服用本实施例所得治疗高血压的中药制剂散剂，每次一袋，每天2次，温开水冲服，20天一个疗程。服用一个疗程后，头晕和心悸等症状明显改善，睡眠提高，精神好转，血压降低至152/87毫米汞柱），继续服用一个疗程后，各不适症状均基本消失，服用三个疗程后，血压恢复接近正常范围（129/80毫米汞柱），并保持稳定，巩固疗效两个疗程，患者体力恢复，能从事一些家务和较轻劳动，停药一年内随访未复发。
实施例3 治疗高血压的中药制剂，主要由下列原料药制备而成：柴胡13g，青黛7g，黄芩9g，徐长卿7g，党参10g，藁本9g，茯苓7g，羚羊角10g，龙骨8g，牡蛎8g，麦饭石10g，酒大黄7g。
治疗高血压的中药制剂丸剂的制备方法是：
（1）取羚羊角，置温水中浸渍后，捞出，镑成纵向薄片，晾干；
（2）将徐长卿和藁本洗净，用醋拌匀，润透，切成小段，置于锅内用文火加热炒干，取出，放凉；
（3）将龙骨和牡蛎洗净，投入醋中，大火煮10分钟，取出，干燥，碾碎；
（4）将步骤（1）所制药材置于非铁质容器内，加水没过药材3cm，大火煮开转小火煎煮2小时，然后加入步骤（3）所制药材，继续煎煮40分钟，最后加入步骤（2）所制药材和其他药材（青黛除外），并加水没过药材2cm，煮开后，用小火煎，过滤，收集滤液；
（5）将步骤（4）所剩滤渣，加水煎煮，过滤，合并两次滤液，加热浓缩，喷雾干燥，与水飞后的青黛，粉碎过180目筛，混匀，加入药粉质量0.4倍的炼蜜，和成面团，搓条，和丸，制得丸剂。
典型病例：xxx，男，61岁。病史：患有高血压已有3年，病发时，眩晕、头痛、耳鸣、偶有肢体麻木、舌暗红少苔，脉涩，血压检测数值为150/103毫米汞柱，病情曾一度的得到控制，但又复发，随年纪增大，病情日益严重。
服用本实施例所得治疗高血压的中药制剂丸剂，采用每天两次，每次4颗，用温开水冲服，20天一个疗程。服用半个疗程后，患者症状好转，血压值降至144/93毫米汞柱，继续服用两个疗程后，患者血压恢复正常范围，136/80毫米汞柱，血压保持平稳，一年内随访未复发。
实施例4 治疗高血压的中药制剂，主要由下列原料药制备而成：柴胡17g，青黛9g，黄芩11g，徐长卿9g，党参14g，藁本11g，茯苓8g，羚羊角13g，龙骨9g，牡蛎9g，麦饭石14g，酒大黄8g。
治疗高血压的中药制剂片剂的制备方法是：
（1）将徐长卿和藁本洗净，用醋拌匀，润透，切成小段，置于锅内用文火加热炒干，取出，放凉；
（2）将龙骨和牡蛎洗净，投入醋中，大火煮10分钟，取出，干燥，碾碎；
（3）取饭麦石去杂质，加其质量6倍的水，煮沸25分钟后，过滤，加热浓缩，喷雾干燥；
（4）将羚羊角去骨塞，锉碎，研成细粉；
（5）将其他药材（青黛除外）去杂质，洗净，烘干，与上述步骤（1）（2）（3）（4）所制药材一起粉碎过筛，再与水飞后的青黛混匀，制得药粉，与辅料搅拌均匀，按照片剂的加工制备方法，制成片剂（每片中药粉的计量为0.30g）。
典型病例：xxx，男，55岁。半年前，无明显诱因的出现头晕、心悸、困倦、膝软、五心烦热等症状，后就医确诊为高血压，血压检测数值为153/115毫米汞柱。
服用本实施例所得治疗高血压的中药制剂片剂，采用每天两次，每次4片，用温开水冲服，20天一个疗程。服用一个疗程后，不适症状消失，头脑清醒，血压降至140/96毫米汞柱，继续服用一个疗程后，患者无不适症状，血压降至135/86毫米汞柱，停药后半年血压一直保持在正常值，未反弹。
实施例5 治疗高血压的中药制剂，主要由下列原料药制备而成：柴胡15g，青黛8g，黄芩10g，徐长卿8g，党参12g，藁本10g，茯苓7.5g，羚羊角11.5g，龙骨8.5g，牡蛎8.5g，麦饭石12g，酒大黄7.5g。
治疗高血压的中药制剂汤剂的制备方法是：
（1）取羚羊角，置温水中浸渍后，捞出，镑成纵向薄片，晾干；
（2）将徐长卿和藁本洗净，用醋拌匀，润透，切成小段，置于锅内用文火加热炒干，取出，放凉；
（3）将龙骨和牡蛎洗净，投入醋中，大火煮10分钟，取出，干燥，碾碎；
（4）将步骤（1）所制药材置于非铁质容器内，加水没过药材3cm，大火煮开转小火煎煮2小时，然后加入步骤（3）所制药材，继续煎煮40分钟，最后加入步骤（2）所制药材和其他药材（青黛除外），并加水没过药材2cm，煮开后，用小火煎25分钟，过滤，收集滤液；
（5）取青黛去杂质，水飞，晒干，研成细末，加入步骤（4）所制滤液中，搅匀，即得汤剂。
试验例1 实施例5所得治疗高血压的中药制剂汤剂的临床应用：
在医院心血管内科门诊病历中筛选出475例高血压患者，其中女性248例，男性227例，年龄最大的68岁，最小年龄44岁，平均年龄55.8岁，病程5个月-2年，平均病程一年1个月。受试者均属于原发性高血压1、2级；在未服用降压药物的情况下，收缩压(SBP)≥140mmHg和/或舒张压(DBP)≥90mmHg；或有明确高血压病史，正在服药而血压正常者；合并冠心病稳定型心绞痛、糖尿病、脑血管病变者，病情稳定。诊断标准：参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》即辨证标准制定。(1)主要症状：眩晕、头痛(拒按，痛有定处)、膝软、腰酸、脉络瘀血(如口唇、齿龈、爪甲紫暗，肤赤缕，腹部青筋外露)、皮下瘀斑；（2）次要症状：心悸、失眠、健忘、耳鸣、五心烦热、肌肤甲错、肢体麻木；（3）舌暗红少苔或有瘀斑，脉弦细而数，或脉涩、无脉。
将患者随机分为两组，实验组和对照组，两组在性别、年龄、病程、病情等方面无显著差异（P＞0.05），具有可比性。实验组服用实施例5所得产品，每天服用三次（温热），每次50m1-80m1（视具体情况有所调整），20天一个疗程，对照组服用其它药品（替米沙坦片、非洛地平缓释片、复方罗布麻片等常规药品）。服药期间对两组患者进行连续观察，记录症状变化和不良反应情况，三个疗程后统计结果。
疗效情况判定标准：显效：临床症状基本消除或主要症状消除，舒张压下降并达到正常范围；有效：临床症状明显减轻，舒张压有所下降，但未达到正常范围；无效：临床症状改善不明显或加重。
两组患者治疗结果如表1所示。
表1两组患者治疗结果
通过治疗，观察两组患者的康复情况可知，服用实施例5所得汤剂的实验组患者，临床不适症状基本消除或主要症状消除的有126例（35.5%）， 症状明显减轻的患者215例（60.6%），实验组总有效率96.1%；服用其他常规药的对照组患者，治疗后的总有效率为72.5%，效果明显低于实验组。说明本发明实施例5所得汤剂具有较好的治疗和缓解高血压症状的效果，且治疗期间实验组未有患者对药物出现不良反应。
实验组治疗前后自感症状变化如表2所示。
表2 实验组患者症状变化情况
本发明选择的柴胡和解表里，疏肝升阳；青黛清热解毒；黄芩清热燥湿，泻火解毒；徐长卿祛风化湿；党参补中益气，健脾益肺；藁本祛风止痛；茯苓健脾宁心；羚羊角平肝熄风，清肝明目；龙骨敛汗固精，镇静安神；牡蛎敛阴潜阳，化痰软坚；麦饭石祛湿健脾，解毒生肌；酒大黄泻热通肠，凉血解毒。多药合用，可有效缓解高血压引起的头晕头痛等不适症状，降低患者血压。
应当指出的是，具体实施方式只是本发明比较有代表性的例子，显然本发明的技术方案不限于上述实施例，还可以有很多变形。本领域的普通技术人员，以本发明所明确公开的或根据文件的书面描述毫无异议的得到的，均应认为是本专利所要保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.治疗高血压的中药制剂，其特征在于，主要由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份：柴胡10-20，青黛6-10，黄芩8-12，徐长卿6-10，党参9-15，藁本7-13，茯苓6-9，羚羊角8-15，龙骨7-10，牡蛎7-10，麦饭石9-15，酒大黄6-9。
2.如权利要求1所述的治疗高血压的中药制剂，其特征在于，柴胡13-17，青黛7-9，黄芩9-11，徐长卿7-9，党参10-14，藁本9-11，茯苓7-8，羚羊角10-13，龙骨8-9，牡蛎8-9，麦饭石10-14，酒大黄7-8 (优选的，柴胡15，青黛8，黄芩10，徐长卿8，党参12，藁本10，茯苓7.5，羚羊角11.5，龙骨8.5，牡蛎8.5，麦饭石12，酒大黄7.5)。
3.如权利要求1-2任一所述的治疗高血压的中药制剂，其特征在于，将其制成药学上可接受的汤剂，其制备方法是：
（1）取羚羊角，置温水中浸渍后，捞出，镑成纵向薄片，晾干；
（2）将徐长卿和藁本洗净，用醋拌匀，润透，切成小段，置于锅内用文火加热炒干，取出，放凉；
（3）将龙骨和牡蛎洗净，投入醋中，大火煮10分钟，取出，干燥，碾碎；
（4）将步骤（1）所制药材置于非铁质容器内，加水没过药材3cm，大火煮开转小火煎煮2小时，然后加入步骤（3）所制药材，继续煎煮40分钟，最后加入步骤（2）所制药材和其他药材（青黛除外），并加水没过药材2cm，煮开后，用小火煎，过滤，收集滤液；
（5）取青黛去杂质，水飞，晒干，研成细末，加入步骤（4）所制滤液中，搅匀，即得汤剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的治疗高血压的中药制剂汤剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（4）用小火煎20-30分钟（优选的，转小火煎22-28分钟；更加优选的，转小火煎25分钟）。
5.如权利要求1-2任一所述的治疗高血压的中药制剂，其特征在于，将其制成药学上可接受的散剂，其制备方法是：
（1）将徐长卿和藁本洗净，用醋拌匀，润透，切成小段，置于锅内用文火加热炒干，取出，放凉；
（2）将龙骨和牡蛎洗净，投入醋中，大火煮10分钟，取出，干燥，碾碎；
（3）取饭麦石去杂质，加其质量6倍的水，煮沸25分钟后，过滤，加热浓缩，喷雾干燥；
（4）将羚羊角去骨塞，锉碎，研成细粉；
（5）将其他药材（青黛除外）去杂质，洗净，烘干，与上述步骤（1）（2）（3）（4）所制药材一起粉碎过筛，再与水飞后的青黛混匀，即得散剂。
6.如权利要求5所述的治疗高血压的中药制剂散剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（5）粉碎过筛160-240目（优选的，粉碎过180-220目；优选的，粉碎过200目筛）。
7.如权利要求1-2任一所述的治疗高血压的中药制剂，其特征在于，将其制成药学上可接受的丸剂，其制备方法是：
（1）取羚羊角，置温水中浸渍后，捞出，镑成纵向薄片，晾干；
（2）将徐长卿和藁本洗净，用醋拌匀，润透，切成小段，置于锅内用文火加热炒干，取出，放凉；
（3）将龙骨和牡蛎洗净，投入醋中，大火煮10分钟，取出，干燥，碾碎；
（4）将步骤（1）所制药材置于非铁质容器内，加水没过药材3cm，大火煮开转小火煎煮2小时，然后加入步骤（3）所制药材，继续煎煮40分钟，最后加入步骤（2）所制药材和其他药材（青黛除外），并加水没过药材2cm，煮开后，用小火煎，过滤，收集滤液；
（5）将步骤（4）所剩滤渣，加水煎煮，过滤，合并两次滤液，加热浓缩，喷雾干燥，与水飞后的青黛，粉碎过180目筛，混匀，加入炼蜜，和成面团，搓条，和丸，制得丸剂。
8.如权利要求7所述的治疗高血压的中药制剂丸剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（5）中炼蜜的量为药粉质量的0.4倍。
9.如权利要求1-2任一所述的治疗高血压的中药制剂，其特征在于，将其制成药学上可接受的片剂，其制备方法是：
（1）将徐长卿和藁本洗净，用醋拌匀，润透，切成小段，置于锅内用文火加热炒干，取出，放凉；
（2）将龙骨和牡蛎洗净，投入醋中，大火煮10分钟，取出，干燥，碾碎；
（3）取饭麦石去杂质，加其质量6倍的水，煮沸25分钟后，过滤，加热浓缩，喷雾干燥；
（4）将羚羊角去骨塞，锉碎，研成细粉；
（5）将其他药材（青黛除外）去杂质，洗净，烘干，与上述步骤（1）（2）（3）（4）所制药材一起粉碎过筛，再与水飞后的青黛混匀，制得药粉，与辅料搅拌均匀，按照片剂的加工制备方法，制成片剂。
10.如权利要求9所述的治疗高血压的中药制剂片剂的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（5）每片中药粉的计量为0.20-0.35g（优选的，每片中药粉的计量为0.22-0.32g；更加优选的，每片中药粉的计量为0.30g）。
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