CN111640968A - Bubbling and spraying combined humidifier and fuel cell humidification system used for same - Google Patents
Bubbling and spraying combined humidifier and fuel cell humidification system used for same Download PDFInfo
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- CN111640968A CN111640968A CN202010563275.1A CN202010563275A CN111640968A CN 111640968 A CN111640968 A CN 111640968A CN 202010563275 A CN202010563275 A CN 202010563275A CN 111640968 A CN111640968 A CN 111640968A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
- H01M8/04141—Humidifying by water containing exhaust gases
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
- H01M8/04149—Humidifying by diffusion, e.g. making use of membranes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bubbling and spraying combined humidifier and a fuel cell humidification system using the same, and relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to the field of humidity control of fuel cells. The invention comprises a membrane humidifier and a bubbling and spraying combined humidifier, and the gas can be ensured to be in a saturated state after passing through a combined humidification system. The temperature of the humidifier is kept consistent with the operation temperature of the galvanic pile module in real time by connecting the cooling system of the galvanic pile module into a heat exchange jacket of the humidifier, dry and wet mixed gas is heated to the operation temperature of the galvanic pile module through a galvanic pile mixed gas inlet heater, and finally the rapid response requirement of humidity is realized by using a dry and wet gas mixed humidity control method. Meanwhile, the recycling of water produced by the fuel cell is realized through a condensed water replenishing system, and the reaction gas is preheated through the tail gas of the fuel cell and the reaction heat production, so that the comprehensive utilization of system energy is realized, and the high-efficiency and low-energy-consumption operation of a humidification system is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of fuel cells, and in particular to the field of humidity control for fuel cells.
Background
Humidification systems are important auxiliary systems affecting fuel cell system performance and durability, and in order to increase proton conductivity in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, the membrane needs to maintain a sufficient level of hydration to effectively conduct protons. Low or no humidification accelerates the membrane degradation process, while excessive water can hinder reactant transport, and proper humidity is critical to maintaining good performance of the fuel cell. Therefore, the humidity of the air and the hydrogen should be accurately controlled before entering the fuel cell stack, and the design of a proper humidification system and a proper control strategy have great significance for the wide application of the fuel cell.
Up to now, the humidification methods used for the fuel cell system mainly include membrane humidification, gas bubbling humidification, spray humidification, enthalpy wheel humidification, and the like. For portable or vehicle applications, membrane humidification may be more advantageous for weight reduction and space reduction, while for stationary applications, space is not a strict limitation, but there is a greater power requirement for humidification, where gas sparge or spray humidification is more appropriate. The bubble humidifier is very suitable for a power plant, and has enough humidification even under the emergency shutdown operation condition, but the humidification delay phenomenon is obvious when the system state changes. A disadvantage of humidifying the reactants by means of atomizers is that when higher amounts of water are injected, water droplets may enter directly into the cells and eventually precipitate on the GDL, preventing the transport of reactant gases and thus affecting the output performance of the fuel cell. Enthalpy wheels and tail gas recovery humidification systems, while helpful, are not precisely controlled according to humidification requirements and are limited by the humidity content of the outlet gases, and such imprecise control can also lead to excessive humidification of the reactant gases and improper humidification under dry conditions, thereby increasing water management problems.
For humidification of high power fuel cell test systems, single bubble humidification is currently the most common method. As shown in fig. 3(a), after the gas enters the bubbling humidifier, the gas and liquid water perform water-gas heat and mass transfer in the bubbling layer, and during the period, the humidifier needs to be supplemented with water, and the temperature of the bubbling humidifier is T1Humidity RH after gas evolution1Generally 90-100%, and the temperature of the moisture reaches the operation temperature T of the fuel cell stack module after being detected by a humidity sensor and then enters a heater for heating2At this time, the intake air humidity will changeIs RH2。
Wherein n isWater (W)For adding water for humidification, nQi (Qi)For the inlet air to be humidified, P1For the outlet gas pressure of the humidifier, P2To the gas pressure after passing through the heater, Psat1And Psat2Are respectively T1And T2The saturated vapor pressure of the water vapor, which value depends only on the temperature, i.e. Psat(t); RH in formula (1)2For controlling the target value, the value and RH1The relationship is as follows:
as can be seen from the formula (1), assuming that the humidity of the gas after passing through the bubbling humidifier is 100% under ideal conditions, the target humidity value of the fuel cell stack module depends only on the ratio of the bubbling humidifier to the stack operating temperature, when the stack operating temperature is not changed, the target humidity control can be performed by adjusting the humidifier operating temperature, and the temperature control response has a large delay, and if high-power heating or cooling is adopted, large power consumption is brought, so that the method cannot meet the rapid response requirement of humidification.
In addition, there is another method of humidifying the dry-wet mixed gas, as shown in fig. 3(b), the gas is divided into two paths, one path enters a bubbling humidifier for humidification, after humidification is completed, the gas is merged with the other path of preheated dry gas, then the gas enters a heater for heating and heat preservation, condensation of water vapor in a pipeline is avoided, and finally the gas enters a fuel cell stack module2At the moment, the inlet gas humidity RH of the galvanic pile module2Can be expressed as:
wherein n is1Is a dry gas, n2For gases to be humidified, RH1The humidity of the gas to be humidified after passing through the humidifier.
It can be seen from the formula (2) that, under the ideal condition, the humidity of the gas after passing through the bubbling humidifier is 100%, when the operating temperature of the humidifier, the mixed heating temperature of the dry gas and the wet gas and the operating temperature of the galvanic pile are the same, the target humidity of the inlet of the galvanic pile can be controlled by the distribution ratio of the dry gas and the wet gas of the inlet gas, and the flow rate of the gas can be adjusted quickly, so that the method can realize quick response control of the humidity, and the key is how to ensure that the humidity of the outlet of the gas after passing through the humidifier is 100% and how to ensure that the mixed temperature of the dry gas and the wet.
The energy consumption of the humidification system mainly includes water temperature preheating of the humidification system, reactant gas intake preheating, and the like, and at present, the preheating is performed by a part such as a heater and the like. Meanwhile, the humidifying system can continuously consume deionized water during operation and needs to continuously supplement water. At present, the conventional system has low utilization rate of electric pile heat production and water production and large system energy consumption.
The above-mentioned prior art has the following disadvantages:
for a fuel cell test system, the humidification requirements of the reactant gases should be responsive quickly to power changes, with low potential for depletion during humidification. The main disadvantages of the current humidification systems are: (1) the range of achievable humidity is limited; (2) the humidity response is insensitive to changes in the desired set point; (3) the required humidity level cannot be reached quickly at the required inlet flow rate; (4) the comprehensive utilization rate of system energy is low, and the energy consumption is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the problems in the prior art that the achievable humidity range is small, the humidity response is slow to the change of the required set point, the humidity response speed is slow, the comprehensive utilization rate of system energy is low, and the energy consumption is large are solved.
The invention provides a humidifying system which is a combined humidifying system and comprises a membrane humidifier and a bubbling and spraying combined humidifier, wherein gas can be ensured to be in a saturated state after passing through the combined humidifying system. The temperature of the humidifier is kept consistent with the operation temperature of the galvanic pile module in real time by connecting the cooling system of the galvanic pile module into a heat exchange jacket of the humidifier, dry and wet mixed gas is heated to the operation temperature of the galvanic pile module through a galvanic pile mixed gas inlet heater, and finally the rapid response requirement of humidity is realized by using a dry and wet gas mixed humidity control method. Meanwhile, the recycling of water produced by the fuel cell is realized through a condensed water replenishing system, and the reaction gas is preheated through the tail gas of the fuel cell and the reaction heat production, so that the comprehensive utilization of system energy is realized, and the high-efficiency and low-energy-consumption operation of a humidification system is ensured.
The technical scheme of the invention is a bubbling and spraying combined humidifier, which comprises: bubbling humidifier and spraying humidifier, the same humidifier tower body of bubbling humidifier and spraying humidifier sharing, its characterized in that, the humidifier tower body includes: the heat exchanger comprises an outer shell and an inner shell, wherein a cavity is formed between the outer shell and the inner shell and is a heat exchange jacket; the two sides of the shell are respectively provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the heat exchange jacket, heat preservation liquid enters the heat exchange jacket as soon as possible, and flows out of the liquid outlet after filling the heat exchange jacket, so that the temperature of the humidifier tower body is kept constant.
Further, the bubble humidifier includes: the humidifier comprises a gas distributor and a humidifier tower body shared by a spray humidifier, wherein the gas distributor is positioned at the bottom of the humidifier tower body; the spray humidifier includes: the humidifier comprises a liquid nozzle, a liquid trap, a humidifier gas outlet and a humidifier tower body shared by a bubbling humidifier, wherein the liquid trap is arranged at the top of the humidifier tower body; wet air in the humidifier tower body passes through the liquid trap and then flows out through a humidifier gas outlet; humidity sensors are arranged at a gas outlet of the humidifier and an inlet of the gas distributor, and temperature sensors are arranged at a liquid inlet of the heat exchange jacket and inside the humidifier tower body.
A fuel cell humidification system employing a bubbling spray combined humidifier, a humidification object being a fuel cell stack module, the humidification system comprising: the system comprises a dry and wet gas distribution system, a gas combined humidifying system, a condensation water charging system and a galvanic pile module cooling system;
the dry moisture distribution system includes: the system comprises an air inlet electromagnetic valve, a dry gas mass flow controller, a dry gas inlet heat exchanger and a gas mass flow controller to be humidified, wherein air inlet is divided into two paths after passing through the air inlet electromagnetic valve, one path is dry gas, and the other path is humidified gas; the dry gas is sequentially transmitted to a dry gas mass flow controller and a dry gas inlet heat exchanger, then the preheated dry gas is output, and the humidified gas is transmitted to a gas mass flow controller to be humidified and then is input to a gas combined humidification system;
the gas combination humidification system includes: the device comprises a membrane humidifier, a bubbling and spraying combined humidifier and a galvanic pile mixed air inlet heater; after the gas to be humidified enters a humidification system, firstly, the gas to be humidified is primarily humidified and preheated by utilizing the tail gas of a fuel cell stack module through a membrane humidifier, then the gas to be humidified enters a bubbling and spraying combined humidifier, the bubbling and spraying combined humidifier outputs humidified dry gas, then the preheated dry gas and the humidified dry gas are mixed and preheated in a stack mixed gas inlet heater, and finally the mixed and preheated humidified gas enters the fuel cell stack module for reaction;
the condensation moisturizing system includes: the humidifier comprises a condenser, a water storage tank, a humidifier water replenishing pump, a water replenishing heat exchanger and a water replenishing heater; tail gas of the fuel cell stack module passes through a membrane humidifier and then sequentially passes through a condenser, a water storage tank and a humidifier water replenishing pump and then is input into a water replenishing heat exchanger, the water replenishing heat exchanger preheats inflow humidification water, the preheated humidification water is heated by a water replenishing heater, the heated humidification water enters a bubbling and spraying combined humidifier for spraying and humidifying, and meanwhile, water consumed by bubbling and humidifying is replenished;
the stack module cooling system includes: the system comprises a dry gas inlet heat exchanger, a cooling loop water replenishing water tank, a cooling loop circulating water pump, a water replenishing heat exchanger, a cooling loop heater and a cooling loop radiator; cooling water flowing out of the fuel cell stack module enters a jacket of the bubbling and spraying combined humidifier, the cooling water flows through the jacket of the bubbling and spraying combined humidifier and then enters a dry gas heat exchanger to preheat dry gas in a dry and wet gas distribution system, then enters a water supplementing water tank, and after passing through a cooling loop circulating water pump, the cooling water flows into the water supplementing heat exchanger to preheat humidifying and supplementing water in a condensation and water supplementing system, and finally flows back to the fuel cell stack module through a cooling loop heater and a cooling loop radiator in sequence.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects that:
1. the humidity can be quickly adjusted through dry and wet air distribution control;
2. the membrane humidifier can collect heat and moisture of tail gas, is used for preheating and humidifying gas to be humidified, reduces external preheating and humidifying energy consumption, and improves the energy utilization rate of a system;
3. the mass transfer exchange of the gas in water is accelerated by the bubbling and spraying combined humidifier, and the outlet gas is ensured to be saturated; by combining a liquid trap in the humidifier, liquid water is prevented from entering the stack module.
4. The water in the tail gas of the electric pile module is collected by controlling the temperature of the condenser, so that the water self-sufficiency of the humidification system can be realized.
5. The bubbling spraying humidifier is subjected to heat exchange and heat preservation through the cooling water at the outlet of the galvanic pile, the water temperature change speed is accelerated, the water temperature in the humidifier is guaranteed to be equal to the running temperature of the galvanic pile module, the energy consumption of the humidifier is reduced, and the overall energy utilization rate of the system is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a humidification system of a fuel cell using a bubbling-atomizing combined humidifier according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the bubbling and spraying combined humidifier of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a view showing a method of humidifying gas described in the background art, wherein (a) is a single humidifying method and (b) is a dry-wet gas mixed humidifying method;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method for controlling the cell humidity of a fuel cell in a humidification system of the fuel cell using a bubbling and spraying combined humidifier.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of a method of controlling fuel cell humidity in a fuel cell humidification system employing a combination bubble and spray humidifier.
In the figure, 101-air inlet solenoid valve, 102-dry gas mass flow controller, 103-dry gas inlet heat exchanger, 104-gas mass flow controller to be humidified, 105-membrane humidifier, 106-bubbling and spraying combined humidifier, 107-electric pile mixed inlet air heater, 108-fuel cell electric pile module, 109-condenser, 110-water storage tank, 111-humidifier water replenishing water pump, 112-water replenishing heat exchanger, 113-water replenishing heater, 114-cooling loop water replenishing tank, 115-cooling loop circulating water pump, 116-cooling loop heater, 117-cooling loop radiator, P: pressure sensor, T1-T6: temperature sensor, RH 1-3: a humidity sensor; 201-liquid catcher, 202-liquid nozzle, 203-heat exchange jacket outlet, 204-heat exchange jacket, 205-gas distributor, 206-humidifier tower, 207-heat exchange jacket inlet, and 208-humidifier gas outlet.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the system includes: a fuel cell stack module 108, a dry and wet gas distribution system, a gas combination humidification system, a condensation and water replenishment system, and a stack module cooling system.
The fuel cell stack module 108 is a power generation conversion device, and in the operation process of the fuel cell, the water content of the membrane determines the conductivity, the power generation efficiency and the service life of the fuel cell to a great extent, so in order to ensure high-performance output under different loads of the module, the humidity of reaction gas is accurately controlled by a humidification system before entering the stack module, and meanwhile, the fuel cell can generate a large amount of heat in the power generation process, so that the membrane has enough water cooperation, the fuel cell is operated at a proper temperature, and therefore the redundant heat of the system is timely discharged through a cooling system.
The dry and wet gas distribution system comprises a gas inlet electromagnetic valve 101, a dry gas mass flow controller 102, a dry gas inlet heat exchanger 103 and a gas mass flow controller 104 to be humidified. When the fuel cell stack module 108 is started, the air inlet electromagnetic valve 101 is firstly opened, then according to the humidity requirement, on the premise that the total amount of the air requirement is not changed, the dry air mass flow controller 102 and the to-be-humidified air mass flow meter 104 are respectively adjusted to realize the distribution of the dry air and the to-be-humidified air, then the dry air enters the dry air inlet heat exchanger 103 to be subjected to air preheating, and the to-be-humidified air enters the humidification system to be subjected to humidification treatment.
The gas combination humidification system includes a membrane humidifier 105, a bubble spray combination humidifier 106, a stack mixture inlet heater 107, a membrane humidifier 105 outlet humidity sensor RH1, a bubble spray combination humidifier 106 outlet humidity sensor RH2, a bubble spray combination humidifier 106 water temperature T6, a fuel cell stack module 107 inlet temperature sensor T1, an inlet pressure sensor P, and a humidity sensor RH 3. After the gas to be humidified enters the humidification system, the gas to be humidified firstly passes through the membrane humidifier 105, the moisture and the heat in the tail gas of the fuel cell stack module 108 are utilized to carry out primary humidification and preheating on the gas to be humidified, so as to improve the energy utilization rate of the system, the part of the gas enters the bubbling and spraying combined humidifier 106 after being detected by the humidity sensor RH1 to complete secondary humidification, the outlet gas basically reaches a saturation state after being detected by the humidity sensor RH2, the temperature sensor T6 detects the water temperature of the bubbling and spraying combined humidifier 106, the preheated dry gas and the humidified wet gas are mixed and preheated in the stack mixed inlet humidifier 107 to prevent the condensation of the water vapor in the gas, and finally the mixed and preheated humidified gas is detected by the temperature sensor T1, the pressure sensor P and the humidity sensor RH3 and enters the fuel cell stack module 108 for reaction.
The condensation water replenishing system comprises a condenser 109, a water storage tank 110, a humidifier water replenishing water pump 111, a water replenishing heat exchanger 112 and a water replenishing heater 113, and water in the bubbling and spraying combined humidifier 106 is continuously consumed in the humidification process of the fuel cell humidification system, so that the humidification system needs to be replenished. Tail gas of the fuel cell stack module 108 enters the condenser 109 after passing through the membrane humidifier 105, the condensation temperature of the condenser 109 is controlled to ensure that the condensed water in the tail gas is equal to or more than the moisture consumed by humidification, the condensed water is collected in the water storage tank 110, the collected water is sent into the water supplementing heat exchanger 112 through the humidifier water supplementing water pump 111, high-temperature cooling water of a cooling system is used for preheating, finally the water enters the water supplementing heater 113 for heating, and after the heating is finished, the water enters the bubbling and spraying combined humidifier 106 for spraying and humidification, and meanwhile, the moisture consumed by bubbling and humidification is supplemented.
The cooling system of the pile module comprises a dry gas inlet heat exchanger 103, a cooling loop water replenishing water tank 114, a cooling loop circulating water pump 115, a water replenishing heat exchanger 112, a cooling loop heater 116 and a cooling loop radiator 117. The cooling system of the galvanic pile module mainly has two functions, namely, timely discharging heat generated by the galvanic pile to maintain the galvanic pile to operate at a proper temperature, and preheating dry gas and humidifying and supplementing water to improve the energy utilization rate of the system. After flowing out of the fuel cell stack module 108, cooling water enters a jacket of the bubbling and spraying combined humidifier 106 through detection of a temperature sensor T2 to heat the water in the humidifier, enters a dry gas heat exchanger 103 to preheat dry gas after heating is completed, then enters a water supplementing water tank 114, passes through a cooling loop circulating water pump 115, flows into a water supplementing heat exchanger 112 to preheat humidification and water supplement, finally flows back to the fuel cell stack module 108 through a cooling loop heater 116 and a cooling loop radiator 117, and detects the temperature of the cooling water entering the stack through a temperature sensor T3 at an inlet. When the temperature sensor T3 indicates that the temperature of the cooling water is lower than the temperature required for the operation of the fuel cell stack module 108, the cooling loop heater 116 is turned on to heat the cooling water, and the cooling loop radiator 117 is turned off to measure the cold inlet water, and when the temperature sensor T3 indicates that the temperature of the cooling water is higher than the temperature required for the operation of the fuel cell stack module 108, the cooling loop radiator 117 is turned on to measure the cold inlet water, the flow of the cold inlet water is adjusted to dissipate the heat of the cooling water, and the cooling loop heater 116 is turned off.
The present embodiment discloses the structural composition of the bubbling and atomizing combined humidifier 106 in the rapid humidification system of a fuel cell, and as shown in fig. 2, the combined humidifier mainly comprises two parts, namely bubbling humidification and atomizing humidification, wherein the bubbling humidification part comprises: the system comprises a gas distributor 205, a humidifier tower body 206, a heat exchange jacket 204, a heat exchange jacket inlet 207 and a heat exchange jacket outlet 203, humidity sensors RH1 and RH2, a humidifier internal water temperature sensor T6 and a galvanic pile module outlet cooling water temperature sensor T2. After the humidified gas comes out of the membrane humidifier 105, the humidified gas is firstly detected by a humidity sensor RH1 and then enters the tower body 206 part of the bubbling and spraying combined humidifier 106 through the gas distributor 205, the gas distributor 205 distributes the inlet gas, and a reasonable distributor is selected to ensure that the gas is uniformly distributed in a liquid water layer, and meanwhile, the generated bubbles are small, and have a large contact area with water, so that the mass transfer of the gas and the liquid is accelerated. The humidifier tower body 206 mainly comprises an upper part and a lower part, the lower part is a gas-liquid bubbling layer, and is a gas-liquid layer for water-gas transfer of reaction gas, in addition, the humidifier is provided with a heat exchange jacket 204 outside the tower body 206, cooling water of the fuel cell stack module 108 comes out from the module and directly enters a heat exchange jacket inlet 207 after being detected by a temperature sensor T2, the water temperature of the bubbling layer is heated or cooled and kept warm, external power consumption is saved, the energy utilization rate of the system is improved, the water temperature is detected by a temperature sensor T6, and the cooling water flows out from a heat exchange jacket outlet 203 after heat transfer is completed in the heat exchange jacket 204 and enters the dry gas inlet heat exchanger 103 to preheat dry gas. Humidification gas gets into humidifier tower 206 upper portion gas layer after bubbling gas-liquid layer adds the humidification and carries out the spraying humidification, and the spraying humidification part includes: the system comprises a liquid trap 201, a liquid nozzle 202, a humidifier gas outlet 208 and a humidifier gas outlet humidity sensor RH2, according to humidification requirements, humidification water is sent into a humidifier tower body 206 through the liquid nozzle 202, one part of the humidification water is used for supplementing and humidifying gas to be humidified and quickly reaches a saturation state, the other part of the humidification water is used for supplementing water consumed in the humidification process of the humidifier, meanwhile, the liquid trap 201 is installed at the top of the humidifier tower body 206 to separate and recover liquid drops carried in the gas to be humidified, and the phenomenon that the liquid drops enter a fuel cell stack module 108 to cause flooding is avoided, so that the output performance of a stack is influenced. After being humidified by spraying, the gas to be humidified leaves the bubbling and spraying combined humidifier 106 through the humidifier gas outlet 208, the humidity of the gas is detected by the humidifier outlet humidity sensor RH2, and the humidification process of the gas to be humidified is completed. A pressure sensor P, a humidity sensor RH3 and a temperature sensor T1 are arranged in a pipeline between the electric pile mixed air inlet heater 107 and the electric pile module 108, a temperature sensor T2 is provided inside the tubing between the stack module 108 and the bubbling spray combined humidifier 106, a humidity sensor RH2 is provided at the humidifier gas outlet of the combination bubble spray humidifier 106, a temperature sensor T6 is provided inside the humidifier column 206 of the combination bubble-spray humidifier 106, a humidity sensor RH1 is provided inside the tubing between the membrane humidifier 105 and the bubbling spray combination humidifier 106, a temperature sensor T5 is provided inside the pipe between the refill heater 113 and the bubbling spray combination humidifier 106, a temperature sensor T3 is provided inside the pipe between the cooling circuit radiator 117 and the stack module 108, a temperature sensor T4 is provided inside the pipe between the condenser 109 and the water storage tank 110.
In order to realize the quick response control of the humidity, the present embodiment discloses a dry-wet gas mixture humidity control method, and realizes the quick response control of the humidity of the fuel cell based on the humidification system in embodiment 1 described above.
The technical scheme includes that a cooling system of the galvanic pile module is connected into a heat exchange jacket 204 of the humidifier to achieve real-time consistency of the temperature of the humidifier and the operating temperature of the galvanic pile module, and dry and wet mixed gas is heated to the operating temperature of the galvanic pile module through the hybrid galvanic pile air inlet heater 107.
The humidity control method is schematically shown in FIG. 4. The humidity controller collects humidity signals of the RH1-3 humidity sensor, then compares a difference value between an actual RH3 value and a humidity target value with an actual RH2 value, and adjusts the dry-wet air inlet ratio in real time. The gas to be humidified has been partially humidified by the membrane humidifier 105, so the humidity controller can replenish the bubbling spray combined humidifier with the humidity target and the RH1 humidity monitoring value. The specific control method comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 5:
step S100: adjusting the air intake ratio according to the humidity target value, and collecting real-time feedback signals of RH 1-3;
step S200: carrying out water supplementing control on the bubbling and spraying combined humidifier according to the RH1 feedback value and the humidity target value;
step S300: and adjusting the air intake ratio in real time according to real-time feedback values of RH2 and RH3 until the RH3 feedback value reaches the humidity target value within an acceptable error range.
Claims (4)
1. A combination bubble and spray humidifier, comprising: the humidifier comprises a bubbling humidifier and a spraying humidifier, wherein the bubbling humidifier and the spraying humidifier share the same humidifier tower body; its characterized in that, the humidifier tower body includes: the heat exchanger comprises an outer shell and an inner shell, wherein a cavity is formed between the outer shell and the inner shell and is a heat exchange jacket; the two sides of the shell are respectively provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the heat exchange jacket, heat preservation liquid enters the heat exchange jacket as soon as possible, and flows out of the liquid outlet after filling the heat exchange jacket, so that the temperature of the humidifier tower body is kept constant.
2. The combination bubble spray humidifier according to claim 1, wherein said bubble humidifier comprises: the humidifier comprises a gas distributor and a humidifier tower body shared by a spray humidifier, wherein the gas distributor is positioned at the bottom of the humidifier tower body; the spray humidifier includes: the humidifier comprises a liquid nozzle, a liquid trap, a humidifier gas outlet and a humidifier tower body shared by a bubbling humidifier, wherein the liquid trap is arranged at the top of the humidifier tower body; wet air in the humidifier tower body passes through the liquid trap and then flows out through a humidifier gas outlet; humidity sensors are arranged at a gas outlet of the humidifier and an inlet of the gas distributor, and temperature sensors are arranged at a liquid inlet of the heat exchange jacket and inside the humidifier tower body.
3. A fuel cell humidification system employing the bubbling spray combined humidifier of claim 1, the humidification object being a fuel cell stack module, the humidification system comprising: the system comprises a dry and wet gas distribution system, a gas combined humidifying system, a condensation water charging system and a galvanic pile module cooling system;
the dry moisture distribution system includes: the system comprises an air inlet electromagnetic valve, a dry gas mass flow controller, a dry gas inlet heat exchanger and a gas mass flow controller to be humidified, wherein air inlet is divided into two paths after passing through the air inlet electromagnetic valve, one path is dry gas, and the other path is humidified gas; the dry gas is sequentially transmitted to a dry gas mass flow controller and a dry gas inlet heat exchanger, then the preheated dry gas is output, and the humidified gas is transmitted to a gas mass flow controller to be humidified and then is input to a gas combined humidification system;
the gas combination humidification system includes: the device comprises a membrane humidifier, a bubbling and spraying combined humidifier and a galvanic pile mixed air inlet heater; after the gas to be humidified enters a humidification system, firstly, the gas to be humidified is primarily humidified and preheated by utilizing the tail gas of a fuel cell stack module through a membrane humidifier, then the gas to be humidified enters a bubbling and spraying combined humidifier, the bubbling and spraying combined humidifier outputs humidified dry gas, then the preheated dry gas and the humidified dry gas are mixed and preheated in a stack mixed gas inlet heater, and finally the mixed and preheated humidified gas enters the fuel cell stack module for reaction;
the condensation moisturizing system includes: the humidifier comprises a condenser, a water storage tank, a humidifier water replenishing pump, a water replenishing heat exchanger and a water replenishing heater; tail gas of the fuel cell stack module passes through a membrane humidifier and then sequentially passes through a condenser, a water storage tank and a humidifier water replenishing pump and then is input into a water replenishing heat exchanger, the water replenishing heat exchanger preheats inflow humidification water, the preheated humidification water is heated by a water replenishing heater, the heated humidification water enters a bubbling and spraying combined humidifier for spraying and humidifying, and meanwhile, water consumed by bubbling and humidifying is replenished;
the stack module cooling system includes: the system comprises a dry gas inlet heat exchanger, a cooling loop water replenishing water tank, a cooling loop circulating water pump, a water replenishing heat exchanger, a cooling loop heater and a cooling loop radiator; cooling water flowing out of the fuel cell stack module enters a heat exchange jacket of the bubbling and spraying combined humidifier, the cooling water flows through the heat exchange jacket of the bubbling and spraying combined humidifier and then enters a dry gas heat exchanger to preheat dry gas in a dry and wet gas distribution system, then enters a water supplementing water tank, passes through a cooling loop circulating water pump, enters the water supplementing heat exchanger to preheat humidifying and supplementing water in a condensation and water supplementing system, and finally flows back to the fuel cell stack module through a cooling loop heater and a cooling loop radiator in sequence.
4. The fuel cell humidification system of claim 3, wherein a pressure sensor P, a humidity sensor RH3, a temperature sensor T1 are provided inside a pipe between the stack mixture intake air heater and the stack module, a temperature sensor T2 is arranged in the pipeline between the galvanic pile module and the bubbling and atomizing combined humidifier, a humidity sensor RH2 is arranged at the humidifier gas outlet of the bubbling and spraying combined humidifier, a temperature sensor T6 is arranged in the humidifier tower body of the bubbling and spraying combined humidifier, a humidity sensor RH1 is arranged in the pipeline between the membrane humidifier and the bubbling and spraying combined humidifier, a temperature sensor T5 is arranged in a pipeline between the water replenishing heater and the bubbling and spraying combined humidifier, a temperature sensor T3 is provided in the pipe between the cooling circuit radiator and the stack module, and a temperature sensor T4 is provided in the pipe between the condenser and the water storage tank.
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