CN113363534A - Fuel cell atomization humidification system and humidification method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell atomization humidification system and humidification method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113363534A CN113363534A CN202110769173.XA CN202110769173A CN113363534A CN 113363534 A CN113363534 A CN 113363534A CN 202110769173 A CN202110769173 A CN 202110769173A CN 113363534 A CN113363534 A CN 113363534A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and discloses a fuel cell atomization humidification system and a humidification method thereof. The humidified reaction gas can reach a certain set dew point temperature, hot water is formed into fine liquid drops through an atomizing nozzle by a high-pressure pump and is mixed with the gas to be humidified, the mixed gas is heated by a heat exchanger to reach the required dew point temperature, and the humidified reaction gas is used for a fuel cell stack. The invention can solve the problem that humidification is difficult to be supplied to large-gas-volume reaction gas, skillfully utilizes the structure of a conventional device to humidify the large-gas-volume reaction gas, has good economical efficiency, solves the problem of humidification of the reaction gas of the high-power fuel cell stack, and ensures the operation of the high-power fuel cell stack.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a fuel cell atomization humidification system and a humidification method thereof.
Background
Fuel cells are clean, efficient, and long-lived power generation devices. Compared with the conventional power generation technology, the fuel cell has great advantages in the aspects of efficiency, safety, reliability, flexibility, cleanness, operating performance and the like, and has a very wide application prospect. As one of the fuel cells, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell also has the advantages of low operation temperature, high specific energy, long service life, high response speed, no electrolyte leakage and the like, and has good application prospects in the aspects of national defense, energy, traffic, environmental protection, communication and the like. Humidity control of cathode inlet air (air) is one of the most important links in the operation of pem fuel cells. On one hand, if the air humidity is too low, dehydration or withering of the proton exchange membrane can be caused, the proton conductivity of the membrane is closely related to the water content (wet state) of the membrane, when the membrane is in a good wet state, the membrane has high proton conductivity, and the withering of the membrane can cause reduction of the proton conductivity, increase of membrane resistance, increase of ohmic loss and reduction of battery performance; and meanwhile, the mechanical strength is reduced, and the film is cracked when the mechanical strength is serious, so that hydrogen and oxygen are mixed and explode. On the other hand, if the air humidity is too high, the water accumulation in the battery is too much, so that the catalyst in the electrode is pickled by water, the reaction activity is reduced, gas-liquid two-phase flow is formed in the flow channel and the diffusion layer, the local blockage is caused, the gas mass transfer process is blocked, the reaction gas is not supplied enough, the output performance of the fuel battery is reduced, and the battery operation is influenced. Therefore, humidity control of the reaction gas of the fuel cell, especially air humidity control, is important in the operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and is one of the important control links.
In the current practical application, the humidifiers for humidifying the intake air of the fuel cell mainly include: a membrane humidifier humidifying the gas by diffusion of moisture in the membrane; an enthalpy wheel humidifier for humidifying through an enthalpy wheel; heating and humidifying, wherein reaction gas passes through the bubbler, and the temperature of the water in the bubbler is controlled to perform humidification control, which is also called bubbling humidification.
The membrane humidifier has the characteristics of compact structure, low pressure drop and the like, and the typical structure of the membrane humidifier comprises a wet plate, a polymer membrane, a diffusion layer and a dry plate, wherein a flow channel on the dry plate is used for circulating and humidifying dry gas, and a humidifying channel is arranged on the wet plate. The membrane material is permeable to water but not to air, and has one side in contact with the wet plate and the other side provided with a diffusion layer made of an elastic, electrically conductive, air permeable material. However, the membrane humidifier has the problems of sealing and pressure bearing, because the polymer membrane swells when meeting water, and the membrane repeatedly swells and shrinks between a dry state and a wet state, so that the membrane can be separated from a sealing surface, and leakage can occur; in addition, the polymer film is an organic material, is easily deformed, has poor pressure resistance, and may be broken by air pressure during use.
The enthalpy wheel is humidified, water is absorbed from one side to increase the temperature through a water absorbing material on the rotating wheel, and the other side releases moisture and releases heat to achieve the effect of humidifying reaction gas; the defects of motor drive, electric energy consumption, difficult sealing and the like are needed.
The heating and humidifying means that the reaction gas is humidified by a water temperature control bubbler, which is also called bubbling and humidifying; the bubbler is a container filled with liquid water and glass beads at the bottom, the inlet gas is directly communicated to the bottom of the container through a straight pipe, and is contacted with a small ball capable of increasing the evaporation area, and finally, the nearly saturated gas is discharged through another pipeline on the liquid surface. The humidifying method has the advantages of simple equipment structure, simple and convenient process, and capability of obtaining high humidity under the condition of small flow; the defects are that the temperature and the humidity are difficult to accurately control, when the battery is quickly started and the active load is suddenly changed to a large extent, humidification cannot synchronously respond with the active load in time, and in addition, when the flow is large, gas bubbles through the water container and brings out excessive liquid water, so that the liquid water at the outlet of the water container is gathered.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages, the present invention provides an atomization humidification system for fuel cell and a humidification method thereof, wherein humidified reaction gas can reach a certain set dew point temperature, the humidification system uses a high pressure pump to pressurize hot water and then forms fine liquid drops through an atomization nozzle, the fine liquid drops are mixed with gas to be humidified, the mixed gas is heated by a heat exchanger to reach the required dew point temperature, and the humidified reaction gas is used for fuel cell stack.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a fuel cell atomization humidification method, reactant gas to be humidified enters an atomization humidifier and an atomization nozzle through a reactant gas inlet, atomized hot water and the reactant gas are mixed, heated and evaporated through a heat exchanger to reach a set dew point temperature, and the mixture enters a fuel cell stack for use after being monitored by a humidity sensor and a pressure sensor; the atomized hot water is pressurized by a switch valve B through a booster pump to reach the use pressure of an atomizing nozzle, and then is heated to a set temperature through a heater B; monitored by a temperature sensor B, enters an atomizing nozzle for atomization after passing through a check valve, and then is mixed with reaction gas; the residual hot water after mixing is secondarily evaporated by a heat exchanger; the remaining water may enter the booster pump through the drain tank and re-enter the atomizing nozzle.
Furthermore, the evaporation heat for providing reaction gas humidification for the heat exchanger in the atomizing humidifier comes from hot water provided by a set of circulating water pipeline, a deionized water source supplies water to the circulating water pump through a switch valve A, the circulating water pump provides power for circulating water, the circulating water is heated to a set temperature through a heater A, enters the heat exchanger in the atomizing humidifier after being monitored by a temperature sensor A, provides gasification latent heat for humidifying the reaction gas, and then returns to the circulating pump to complete a circulating process; the expansion tank is used for exhausting air in the circulating water pipeline and ensuring that the pipeline is full of water.
A fuel cell atomization humidification system is characterized in that a reaction gas inlet is connected with an atomization humidifier, an atomization nozzle is arranged at the upper part of the atomization humidifier, a heat exchanger is arranged in the atomization humidifier, a humidity sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged at an outlet of the atomization humidifier, and the atomization humidifier is connected with a fuel cell stack through a pipeline;
furthermore, the booster pump is connected with the heater B and the check valve through pipelines, is connected with the atomizing nozzle, is provided with a temperature sensor B, is then connected with a heat exchanger inside the atomizing humidifier, a water discharge tank at the lower part of the atomizing humidifier and the pipeline for the booster pump to form a closed cycle, and is connected with a deionized water source through a switch valve B in front of the booster pump;
furthermore, a heat exchanger inside the atomizing humidifier is connected with a circulating water pump and a heater A through pipelines to form a closed cycle, a temperature sensor A and an expansion water tank are installed on the pipelines, and the temperature sensor A and the expansion water tank are connected with a deionized water source through a switch valve A in front of the circulating water pump.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention can solve the problem that the humidification is difficult to be provided for the reaction gas with larger gas volume;
2) the invention can humidify the large-air-volume reaction gas by using the conventional device structure, and has good economical efficiency.
3) The invention solves the problem of humidifying the reaction gas of the high-power fuel cell stack and ensures the operation of the high-power fuel cell stack.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a fuel cell atomizing humidification system;
figure 2 is a 100kw fuel cell stack reactant gas dew point plot.
In the figure: 1. the system comprises a reaction gas inlet, 2 parts of an atomizing humidifier, 3 parts of an atomizing nozzle, 4 parts of a pressure sensor, 5 parts of a humidity sensor, 6 parts of a fuel cell stack, 7 parts of a heat exchanger, 8 parts of a deionized water source, 9 parts of a switch valve A, 10 parts of a switch valve B, 11 parts of a circulating pump, 12 parts of an expansion water tank, 13 parts of a heater A, 14 parts of a temperature sensor A, 15 parts of a water drainage tank, 16 parts of a booster pump, 17 parts of a heater B, 18 parts of a check valve and 19 parts of a temperature sensor B.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in more detail below with reference to specific examples, without limiting the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods adopted by the invention are all conventional methods, and experimental equipment, materials, reagents and the like used in the experimental method can be obtained from commercial sources.
Example 1
The reaction gas inlet 1 is connected with the atomizing humidifier 2, the atomizing nozzle 3 is arranged at the upper part of the atomizing humidifier 2, the heat exchanger 7 is arranged in the atomizing humidifier 2, the humidity sensor 5 and the pressure sensor 4 are arranged at the outlet of the atomizing humidifier 2, and the atomizing humidifier 2 is connected with the fuel cell stack 6 through a pipeline;
the booster pump 16 is connected with a heater B17, a temperature sensor B19 and a check valve 18 are sequentially arranged on a pipeline and then connected with the atomizing nozzle 3, then the atomized water enters the heat exchanger 7 in the atomizing humidifier 2, and then the atomized water enters the booster pump 16 through a drain tank 15 and is connected with the booster pump 16 through a pipeline to form a closed cycle, and the atomized water is connected with the deionized water source 8 through a switch valve B10 in front of the booster pump 16;
the heat exchanger 7 in the atomizing humidifier 2 is connected with a circulating water pump 11 and a heater A13 through pipelines to form a closed cycle, a temperature sensor A14 and an expansion water tank 12 are installed on the pipelines, and the front of the circulating water pump 11 is connected with a deionized water source 8 through a switch valve A9.
Example 2
Taking a 100kW fuel cell stack as an example, reactant gas (such as air) to be humidified enters an atomizing humidifier 2 and an atomizing nozzle 3 through a reactant gas inlet 1, the atomizing nozzle 3 is arranged at the upper part of the atomizing humidifier 2, atomized hot water and the reactant gas are mixed and then heated and evaporated by a heat exchanger 7 to reach a set dew point temperature, for example, 8000slpm of air reaches the dew point temperature of 85 ℃, the working pressure is 0.5barg at the moment, and the mixture enters a fuel cell stack 6 for use after being monitored by a humidity sensor 5 and a pressure sensor 4; atomized hot water provided for atomizing and humidifying reaction gas is pressurized by a deionized water source 8 through a switch valve B10 and a booster pump 16 to reach the use pressure of an atomizing nozzle 3, and then is heated to a certain set temperature through a heater B17; monitored by a temperature sensor B19, enters the atomizing nozzle 3 for atomization after passing through a check valve 18, and then is mixed with the reaction gas; the residual hot water after mixing is evaporated for the second time through a heat exchanger 7; the remaining water may enter the booster pump 16 through the drain tank 15 and again enter the atomizing nozzle 3.
The evaporation heat for humidifying the reaction gas provided by the heat exchanger 7 in the atomizing humidifier 2 comes from hot water provided by a set of circulating water pipeline, a deionized water source 8 supplies water to a circulating water pump 11 through a switch valve A9, the circulating water pump 11 provides power of circulating water, the circulating water is heated to a certain set temperature through a heater A13, enters the heat exchanger 7 in the atomizing humidifier 2 after being monitored by a temperature sensor A14, provides gasification latent heat for humidifying the reaction gas, and then returns to the circulating pump 11 to complete a circulation process; the expansion tank 12 is used for exhausting air in the circulating water pipeline and ensuring that the pipeline is full of water.
The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the invention, rather than all possible embodiments of the invention. Any obvious modifications to the above would be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art, but would not bring the invention so modified beyond the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A fuel cell atomization humidification method is characterized in that reaction gas to be humidified enters an atomization humidifier (2) and an atomization nozzle (3) through a reaction gas inlet (1), atomized hot water and the reaction gas are mixed and then heated and evaporated through a heat exchanger (7) to reach a set dew point temperature, and the mixed gas enters a fuel cell stack (6) for use after being monitored by a humidity sensor (5) and a pressure sensor (4); the atomized hot water is pressurized by a deionized water source (8) through a switch valve B (10) through a booster pump (16) to reach the use pressure of the atomizing nozzle (3), and then is heated to a set temperature through a heater B (17); monitored by a temperature sensor B (19), enters the atomizing nozzle (3) for atomization after passing through a check valve (18), and then is mixed with reaction gas; the residual hot water after mixing is secondarily evaporated by a heat exchanger (7); the remaining water may enter the booster pump (16) through the drain tank (15) and re-enter the atomizing nozzle (3).
2. The fuel cell atomizing humidification method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the evaporation heat for humidification of the reactant gas provided by the heat exchanger (7) in the atomizing humidifier (2) is derived from hot water provided by a set of circulating water pipeline, a deionized water source (8) supplies water to the circulating water pump (11) through a switch valve A (9), the circulating water pump (11) provides power for circulating water, the circulating water is heated to a set temperature through a heater A (13), enters the heat exchanger (7) in the atomizing humidifier (2) after being monitored by a temperature sensor A (14), provides latent heat of vaporization for humidification of the reactant gas, and then returns to the circulating pump (11) to complete a cycle process; the expansion water tank (12) is used for exhausting air in the circulating water pipeline and ensuring that the pipeline is full of water.
3. The fuel cell atomization humidification system is characterized in that a reaction gas inlet (1) is connected with an atomization humidifier (2), an atomization nozzle (3) is arranged on the upper portion of the atomization humidifier (2), a heat exchanger (7) is arranged in the atomization humidifier (2), a humidity sensor (5) and a pressure sensor (4) are arranged at an outlet of the atomization humidifier (2), and the atomization humidifier (2) is connected with a fuel cell stack (6) through a pipeline.
4. The fuel cell atomizing humidification system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the booster pump (16) is connected to the heater B (17), the pipe is sequentially provided with the temperature sensor B (19) and the check valve (18) and then connected to the atomizing nozzle (3), and then enters the heat exchanger (7) inside the atomizing humidifier (2), and then is connected to the booster pump (16) through the drain tank (15) by the pipe to form a closed cycle, and is connected to the deionized water source (8) through the switch valve B (10) before the booster pump (16).
5. The fuel cell atomizing humidification system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger (7) inside the atomizing humidifier (2) is connected with the circulating water pump (11) and the heater a (13) through pipes to form a closed cycle, the pipes are provided with the temperature sensor a (14) and the expansion water tank (12), and the pipe is connected with the deionized water source (8) through the switch valve a (9) in front of the circulating water pump (11).
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Cited By (2)
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CN114023998A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-02-08 | 大连擎研科技有限公司 | Humidification system of fuel cell test bench |
CN114142059A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-04 | 大连锐格新能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell engine humidifying system and control method thereof |
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CN112786925A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-05-11 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Heating and humidifying simulation system for hydrogen cavity of fuel cell stack |
CN215496806U (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2022-01-11 | 大连锐格新能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell atomizing humidification system |
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2021
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US20090208798A1 (en) * | 2008-02-15 | 2009-08-20 | Hyundai Motor Company | Humidification system using injector for fuel cell stack |
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CN114023998A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-02-08 | 大连擎研科技有限公司 | Humidification system of fuel cell test bench |
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