CN111634943B - 一种二氧化钛纳米材料的晶相调控方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种二氧化钛纳米材料的晶相调控方法,是将氨水溶液和三氯化钛溶液加入水热反应釜中,在170~190℃下进行水热反应,反应结束后分离,对收集的固体进行洗涤、干燥,即得所述二氧化钛纳米材料。本发明采用水热法,通过氨水溶液来调控二氧化钛纳米材料中不同晶相的含量,可获得具有金红石/锐钛矿相、板钛矿/锐钛矿相、金红石/锐钛矿/板钛矿相等多种不同相组分的二氧化钛,且所制备的多相二氧化钛具有较高的结晶度,整个调控方法具有方法简单、成本低廉、绿色环保、易于操作和实现规模化等优点,有效促进了二氧化钛纳米材料在光电化学和光催化等多领域的应用,具有广阔的工业应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种二氧化钛纳米材料的晶相调控方法,属于二氧化钛纳米材料技术领域。
背景技术
二氧化钛(TiO2)晶体是一种物理化学性质稳定的n型宽禁带半导体材料,具有无毒、无害,制备简单及价格低廉等优点,被认为是一种理想的半导体光催化材料,在光解水制氢、太阳能电池、光催化降解有机污染物以及传感器等方面得到了广泛的研究。
自然界中,TiO2主要以锐钛矿(Anatase)、金红石(Rutile)和板钛矿(Brookite)相三种形态存在。其中,金红石型和锐钛矿型都属于四方晶系空间群分别为I41/amd和P42/mnm,二者均为不规则的八面体结构。锐钛矿相TiO2的晶胞参数为而金红石相TiO2的晶胞参数为在金红石和锐钛矿TiO2晶胞中,Ti4+位于O原子构成的八面体中心。其中金红石型具有最好的晶化态,但比表面积较小,晶格缺陷较少,对电子的俘获能力差,导致电子和空穴对容易复合,因此降低了其光电转化率和光催化性能,而锐铁矿型的晶格缺陷较多,对电子的俘获能力较强,电子-空穴对的复合速率相对较低,更有利于光电转换光催化。板钛矿为正交晶系,空间群为Pcab,其晶胞参数为由TiO6八面体共边构成。由此可见,不同晶相的二氧化钛纳米材料的性能差别很大,二氧化钛纳米材料的晶相调控对研究二氧化钛纳米材料的催化性能具有重要意义和实用价值。
目前已有的制备多相TiO2的技术多是采用甲苯等有机溶剂进行相含量的调控,或者通过调控温度达到相转变的目的而获得多相TiO2纳米颗粒。这些方法制备过程繁琐,且毒性较大,不利于工业化生产和实际应用。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明的目的是提供一种二氧化钛纳米材料的晶相(金红石/锐钛矿/板钛矿相)调控方法。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种二氧化钛纳米材料的晶相调控方法,是将氨水溶液和三氯化钛溶液加入水热反应釜中,在170~190℃下进行水热反应,反应结束后分离,对收集的固体进行洗涤、干燥,即得所述二氧化钛纳米材料。
一种实施方案,所述方法具体包括如下步骤:
a)先将浓度为0.1~3.0wt%的氨水溶液加入水热反应釜中,然后加入浓度为15~20wt%的三氯化钛溶液,在170~190℃下进行水热反应;
b)反应结束后分离,对收集的固体分别用水和乙醇洗涤后于70~90℃干燥,即得所述二氧化钛纳米材料。
一种优选方案,步骤a)中,氨水溶液与三氯化钛溶液的体积比为1:10~2:1。
一种优选方案,步骤a)中,氨水溶液与三氯化钛溶液的体积比为1:10~2:1,且氨水溶液的浓度为0.3~1.6wt%,在此条件下可调控制得具有金红石/锐钛矿/板钛矿相的二氧化钛纳米材料。
一种优选方案,步骤a)中,三氯化钛溶液在1~5秒内一次性加入含有氨水溶液的水热反应釜中。
一种优选方案,所述水热反应釜为聚四氟乙烯水热反应釜。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下显著性有益效果:
本发明采用水热法,通过氨水溶液来调控二氧化钛纳米材料中不同晶相的含量,可获得具有金红石/锐钛矿相、板钛矿/锐钛矿相、金红石/锐钛矿/板钛矿相等多种不同相组分的二氧化钛,且所制备的多相二氧化钛具有较高的结晶度,整个调控方法具有方法简单、成本低廉、绿色环保、易于操作和实现规模化等优点,有效促进了二氧化钛纳米材料在光电化学和光催化等多领域的应用,具有广阔的工业应用前景。
附图说明
图1为实施例1、2和3分别制备的具有金红石/锐钛矿相的二氧化钛纳米材料(a)、具有金红石/锐钛矿/板钛矿相的二氧化钛纳米材料(b)和具有金红石/锐钛矿相的二氧化钛纳米材料(c)的XRD对比图;
图2为实施例1、2和3分别制备的具有金红石/锐钛矿相的二氧化钛纳米材料(a)、具有金红石/锐钛矿/板钛矿相的二氧化钛纳米材料(b)和具有金红石/锐钛矿相的二氧化钛纳米材料(c)对左氧氟沙星的降解实验图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明技术方案做进一步详细、完整地说明。
实施例1
a)先将63mL、浓度为0.19~0.22wt%的氨水溶液(由0.5mL、浓度为20~25wt%的氨水+62.5mL去离子水组成)加入水热反应釜中(可以先将0.5mL、浓度为20~25wt%的氨水用62.5mL去离子水稀释,配成浓度为0.19~0.22wt%的氨水溶液,然后将配制的氨水溶液加入水热反应釜中;也可以直接将0.5mL、浓度为20~25wt%的氨水加入装有62.5mL去离子水的水热反应釜中),然后快速(加入时间在1~5秒内)、一次性加入5mL、浓度为15wt%的三氯化钛溶液,在170℃下水热反应12小时;
b)结束反应,反应结束后离心分离,对收集的固体分别用水和乙醇洗涤后于70℃干燥,即得所述二氧化钛纳米材料。
本实施例所得的二氧化钛纳米材料的XRD衍射图谱如图1a所示,图谱中出现了在2θ角为25.27°、38.51°、47.98°、68.59分别对应的为锐钛矿相二氧化钛的(101)、(112)、(200)、(116)晶面的衍射峰,2θ角为27.38°、36.01°、41.25°分别对应金红石相二氧化钛的(110)、(101)、(111)晶面的衍射峰,说明采用本发明所述方法,能够合成含金红石/锐钛矿的混合相的二氧化钛,其中,金红石相和锐钛矿相的含量分别为19%和81%。
实施例2
a)先将63mL、浓度为0.99~1.11wt%的氨水溶液(由2.5mL、浓度为20~25wt%的氨水+60.5mL去离子水组成)加入水热反应釜中,然后快速(加入时间在1~5秒内)、一次性加入5mL、浓度为18wt%的三氯化钛溶液,在180℃下水热反应24小时;
b)结束反应,反应结束后离心分离,对收集的固体分别用水和乙醇洗涤后于80℃干燥,即得所述二氧化钛纳米材料。
本实施例所得的二氧化钛纳米材料的XRD衍射图谱如图1b所示,由图1b可见:图谱中出现了在2θ角为25.27°、38.51°、47.98°分别对应的为锐钛矿相二氧化钛的(101)、(112)、(200)、晶面的衍射峰,2θ角为27.38°、36.01°、41.25°分别对应金红石相二氧化钛的(110)、(101)、(111)晶面的衍射峰,而2θ角为30.81°板钛矿相二氧化钛的(211)晶面的衍射峰,说明采用本发明所述方法,能够合成含金红石/锐钛矿/板钛矿的混合相的二氧化钛,其含量分别为金红石相(25%),锐钛矿相(28%)和板钛矿相(47%)。
此外,本实施例中,所用的浓度为20~25wt%的氨水的体积可以为1~4mL内的任意数值,其余条件保持不变。
实施例3
a)先将63mL、浓度为2.0~2.22wt%的氨水溶液(由5mL、浓度为20~25wt%的氨水+58mL去离子水组成)加入水热反应釜中,然后快速(加入时间在1~5秒内)、一次性加入5mL、浓度为20wt%的三氯化钛溶液,在190℃下水热反应36小时;
b)结束反应,反应结束后离心分离,对收集的固体分别用水和乙醇洗涤后于90℃干燥,即得所述二氧化钛纳米材料。
本实施例所得的二氧化钛纳米材料的XRD衍射图谱如图1c所示,由图1c可见:图谱中出现了在2θ角为25.27°、38.51°、47.98°分别对应的为锐钛矿相二氧化钛的(101)、(112)、(200)晶面的衍射峰,而2θ角为30.81°板钛矿相二氧化钛的(211)晶面的衍射峰,说明采用本发明所述方法能够合成含金红石/板钛矿的混合相的二氧化钛,其含量分别为金红石相(77%)和板钛矿相(23%)。
结合实施例1至实施例3可见,本发明采用水热法,通过对氨水溶液和三氯化钛溶液的调控,可以调控二氧化钛纳米材料中晶相(金红石相、锐钛矿相和板钛矿相)的组成及含量。
应用例
分别取4mg实施例1、2和3所制备的二氧化钛纳米材料加入到20mg/L的左氧氟沙星溶液中,在光照条件下(λ>400nm),考察二氧化钛纳米材料对左氧氟沙星溶液的降解效率,以检测器光催化性能,具体结果如图2所示。
图2为实施例1、2和3分别制备的具有金红石/锐钛矿相的二氧化钛纳米材料(a)、具有金红石/锐钛矿/板钛矿相的二氧化钛纳米材料(b)和具有金红石/锐钛矿相的二氧化钛纳米材料(c)对左氧氟沙星的降解实验图,从图2可见,实施例1、2和3所制备的二氧化钛纳米材料对左氧氟沙星均具有降解效率,并且,实施例2和3制备的含有板钛矿相的二氧化钛对左氧氟沙星溶液的降解效率明显高于实施例1制备的不含板钛矿相的二氧化钛对左氧氟沙星溶液的降解效率。
从上可见,不同晶相组成的二氧化钛纳米材料的光性能差别很大,而采用本发明所述方法则可以实现二氧化钛纳米材料的晶相调控,这对研究二氧化钛纳米材料的光催化性能具有重要意义和实用价值。
最后需要在此指出的是:以上仅是本发明的部分优选实施例,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的技术人员根据本发明的上述内容做出的一些非本质的改进和调整均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种二氧化钛纳米材料的晶相调控方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
a)先将浓度为0.1~3.0wt%的氨水溶液加入水热反应釜中,然后在1~5秒内一次性加入浓度为15~20wt%的三氯化钛溶液,氨水溶液与三氯化钛溶液的体积比为1:10~2:1,在170~190℃下进行水热反应;
b)反应结束后分离,对收集的固体分别用水和乙醇洗涤后于70~90℃干燥,即得所述二氧化钛纳米材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述水热反应釜为聚四氟乙烯水热反应釜。
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