CN111631393B - 一种含芜青的益生菌发酵物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种含芜青的益生菌发酵物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111631393B CN111631393B CN202010495863.6A CN202010495863A CN111631393B CN 111631393 B CN111631393 B CN 111631393B CN 202010495863 A CN202010495863 A CN 202010495863A CN 111631393 B CN111631393 B CN 111631393B
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Abstract
本发明公布了一种芜青益生菌发酵物及其应用,所述含芜青的益生菌发酵物,是以芜青提取物为主要底物,添加益生菌进行发酵,获得益生菌发酵物,并将其用于制备抗氧化和降血脂产品,产品形式包括口服液、饮料、浓缩液、冻干粉剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂。本发明的含芜青的益生菌发酵物不仅有效增加芜青的营养与活性成分含量,改善了芜青的口感风味,还提高了其抗氧化和降血脂的功效,为芜青的生产应用提供新的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品或保健品领域,具体涉及一种含芜青的益生菌发酵物及应用。
背景技术
芜青(Brassica rapa L.)是藏区传统的药食两用植物,别名蔓菁、芫根、盘菜,也俗称为圆根或元根等,在藏药中又叫“妞妈”(《四部医典》)。芜青是十字花科芸苔属一年或二年生草本植物,植株可以高达100cm,根、茎、叶均可食用,其块根是重要的蔬菜,块根肉质,圆球形、扁圆球形或短圆锥形,其外形圆似萝卜,味甜, 密实度高 ,无辣味。芜青在我国有悠久的栽培应用历史,最早在《诗经》中就有相关记载,其作为蔬菜食材在我国宋朝的《证类本草》中也有详细记载:“蔓菁南北皆有,四时常见,春食苗,夏食心(苔),秋食茎,冬食根”,其药用记录可见于藏医学名著《四部医典》,认为芜青味甘性温、清热解毒、滋补增氧之功效。现代药理学研究也表明,芜青对高原性缺氧、高原性疲劳、水土不服等症状能够起到显著的缓解作用,并且在抗疲劳、抗肿瘤、提高免疫力、降血脂等方面也有一定的药理作用,可见芜青具有很好的食用和保健价值。目前市场上芜青相关的产品却很少,虽然有一些饮料类产品,但由于其口感风味特殊,能接受的人较少,而限制了其发展。
益生菌是一类对宿主有益的活性微生物,是定植于人体肠道、生殖系统内,能产生确切健康功效从而改善宿主微生态平衡、发挥有益作用的活性有益微生物的总称。近年来,利用益生菌等微生物发酵中草药一直是一个热点,由于其不仅集合了中草药、酶制剂、益生菌3种物质优点,还具有天然无毒、无副作用、无残留、安全等优势。众所周知,中草药的药用成分十分复杂,并且很多成分不能被机体有效直接吸收利用,而是作为前体物,经肠道菌群的处理后,才能发挥药效,比如含苷类物质的中草药需要经微生物分泌的丰富酶类分解,成为具有药物活性的苷元后,才能发挥其药效。有学者还指出,巧妙的应用益生菌发酵中草药,不仅可以使其药效增强、毒副作用减轻、药物吸收利用率提高,还能改善口感,提高资源利用率。
因此本发明公布了一种含芜青的益生菌发酵物及其制作方法,以期增强芜青的保健与药用价值,改善其口感,为芜青的生产应用提供新的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种含芜青的益生菌发酵物及其应用,以期增强芜青的保健与药用价值,改善其口感。
为实现上述目的,采用以下技术方案:
一种含芜青的益生菌发酵物,所述益生菌发酵物包括芜菁及益生菌。
所述益生菌包括植物乳杆菌、约氏乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、青春双歧杆菌、动物双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌、瑞士乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌、长双歧杆菌、嗜热链球菌、格氏乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌中的一种或多种。
含芜青的益生菌发酵物的制备方法,是以芜青提取物为主要底物,添加益生菌进行发酵,获得益生菌发酵物。
所述含芜青的益生菌发酵物制作方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将1份的芜青清洗切块后,用料液质量体积比为0.1~20:100的提取液进行提取,在95℃下浸提1.5h,过滤获得芜菁提取液;
(2)将芜菁提取液加入终浓度为0-2wt.%的葡萄糖,混匀后进行杀菌处理;
(3)接种益生菌菌种至终浓度为1×106~1.2×109 cfu/mL,在30~38℃温度下进行发酵。
所述步骤(1)中的提取液包括水、乙醇溶液或酶溶液,乙醇溶液为质量分数1%-100%的乙醇水溶液,酶溶液为质量分数0.01%-5%的纤维素酶、果胶酶、液化酶、糖化酶中的一种或多种。
所述的一种含芜青的益生菌发酵物在制备抗氧化和降血脂产品中的应用。产品形式包括口服液、饮料、浓缩液、冻干粉剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂。
本发明包括以下有益效果:
(1)增加了芜青的营养与活性成分,芜青经益生菌发酵后集合了芜青与益生菌两者的物质优点,在一个优选例中,通过检测发现芜青益生菌发酵液比发酵前总酸含量、多糖含量、蛋白含量均显著的增加了。
(2)芜青本身具有抗耐氧活性,通过发酵增强了芜青的保健效果和药效,在一个优选例中,研究发现芜青益生菌发酵液比发酵前对羟自由基和DPPH自由基的清除活性更强。
(3)改善了芜青的口感风味,芜青由于其口感风味特殊,能接受的人较少,而限制了其发展,经过益生菌发酵,使得口感协调。
(4)为芜青的生产应用提供新的方法,随着人们生活质量的提高,对食品的营养以及保健需求的提升,利用益生菌等微生物发酵中草药逐渐成为热点,目前市场上芜青相关的产品却很少,芜青益生菌发酵将会是一个很有潜力的方向。
附图说明
图1芜青益生菌发酵液的pH值和总酸含量变化,注:A:pH值;B:总酸含量;与对照组对比*:P<0.05;**:P<0.01。
图2 芜青益生菌发酵液的pH值和总酸含量变化,注:A:pH值;B:总酸含量;与对照组对比*:P<0.05;**:P<0.01。
图3 芜青益生菌发酵液的pH值和总酸含量变化,注:A:pH值;B:总酸含量;与对照组对比*:P<0.05;**:P<0.01;
图4 芜青益生菌发酵前后抗氧化活性比较。A:羟自由基清除率;B:DPPH自由基清除率。
图5芜青益生菌发酵前与发酵后对细胞内脂质堆积的影响, A:CK;B:油酸模型组;C~F:芜青发酵前处理组;G~J:芜青益生菌发酵后处理组,剂量依次为1、5、10、15%Vol;放大倍数320×。
图6 芜青益生菌发酵前与发酵后对细胞内脂变率的影响,注:与模型组对比#:P<0.05;##:P<0.01。与芜青发酵前处理组对比*:P<0.05;**:P<0.01。
图7 芜青益生菌发酵物对细胞内总甘油三酯(A)和总胆固醇(B)含量的影响。
具体实施方式
实施例1:芜青益生菌发酵菌株的筛选
将芜青块根切成薄片状,加入料液质量体积比为3:100的水中,95℃浸提1.5h,提取结束后过滤即得芜青提取液;设置为对照组(CK)、不加糖发酵组(f)和加2%葡萄糖发酵组(F),混合均匀后于110℃灭菌20min,冷却后备用。利用本实验室保存的若干益生菌菌株(表1),活化后分别接种至芜青提取液,接种后使活菌数为1×107 CFU/mL,37℃恒温进行发酵,根据发酵后是否产生异杂味、产酸情况等,筛选适宜芜青发酵的菌株。
由表1 和表2可见,供试的大部分益生菌均能很好的在芜青发酵液中发酵产酸,并不同程度的降低芜青原液中的辛辣味和萝卜味,能够综合改善芜青的口感。
表1 不同益生菌菌株发酵芜青口感描述
表2 不同益生菌菌株发酵芜青pH值和总酸含量比较
实施例2:一种含芜青的益生菌发酵物制备
本例选用干制的芜青块根为原料,以植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌为发酵菌种,制备方法为:将芜青块根切成薄片状,加入料液质量体积比为3:100的水中,95℃浸提1.5h,提取结束后过滤即得芜青提取液;设置为对照组(CK)和不加糖发酵组(A1),混合均匀后于110℃灭菌20min,冷却后备用;将活化后的植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌按质量浓度比例为2:1:1:1进行混合,备用;将混合后的菌种接入到 A1组,使活菌数达到5×107 cfu/mL,CK组不接种;混合均匀后,将A1组密封后放置在37℃培养箱中静置发酵,CK组放于4℃冰箱作为对照,分别在发酵3d和6d时取样。
由表3和图1可见,本实施例中芜青经过益生菌发酵后,pH值显著降低,总酸含量显著升高,并且经过发酵,可以有效减轻芜青的“萝卜味”,使综合口感更协调可口。
表3 感官描述
实施例3:一种含芜青的益生菌发酵物添加葡萄糖发酵
本例芜青提取液方法同实施例1,处理组设置为对照组(CK)和加糖发酵组(A2),其中A2组添加最终质量分数为2%的葡萄糖,混合均匀后于110℃灭菌20min,冷却后备用;将活化后的植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌按质量浓度比例为2:1:1:1进行混合,备用;将混合后的菌种接入到 A2组,使活菌数达到5×107 cfu/mL,CK组不接种;混合均匀后,将A2组密封后放置在37℃培养箱中静置发酵,CK组放于4℃冰箱作为对照,分别在发酵3d和6d时取样。
由表4和图2可见,本实施例中,芜青提取液添加适量葡萄糖后,经过益生菌发酵pH值显著降低,总酸含量显著升高,可以有效减轻芜青的“萝卜味”,使综合口感更协调可口。
表4 感官描述
实施例4:一种含芜青的益生菌发酵物发酵
本例芜青提取液方法同实施例1,处理组设置为对照组(CK)和发酵组(B1),混合均匀后于110℃灭菌20min,冷却后备用;将活化后的青春双歧杆菌、嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌按质量浓度比例为1:1:1:1进行混合,备用;将混合后的菌种接入到 B1组,使活菌数达到5×107 cfu/mL,CK组不接种;混合均匀后,将B2组密封后放置在37℃培养箱中静置发酵,CK组放于4℃冰箱作为对照,分别在发酵3d和6d时取样。
由表5和图3可见,本实施例中,芜青提取液利用1:1:1:1青春双歧杆菌、嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌进行发酵,可以有效减轻芜青的“萝卜味”,经过发酵增加有机酸,使综合口感更协调可口。
表5感官描述
实施例5:芜青益生菌发酵前后主要活性成分变化
本例比较芜青经过益生菌发酵前与发酵后的主要活性成分变化,发酵前的芜青提取液(Unfermented)制备方法同实施例2中的对照组(CK),发酵后的芜青益生菌发酵物(Fermentation)制备方法同实施例2中的发酵组(A2),益生菌的接种质量浓度比例为2:1:1:1的植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌在37℃培养箱中静置发酵6d。
总酸的测定方法参考国家标准《食品中总酸的测定》(GB/T 12456-2008)中的酸碱滴定法,可滴定酸的含量以乳酸计,单位为g/kg。总多酚含量以没食子酸作标准品,采用酒石酸亚铁比色法测定。总黄酮含量测定方法参考《食品中总黄酮的测定》(SZDB/Z 349—2019)和《出口食品中总黄酮的测定》(SNT4592-2016),以芦丁为标准品进行测定。总多糖含量测定方法参考《出口植物源食品中粗多糖的测定 苯酚-硫酸法》(SN/T 4260-2015),样品先离心去除沉淀,再加入无水乙醇使乙醇浓度为80%,4℃静置过夜,离心,倒掉上清,加入适量双蒸水溶解,用苯酚-硫酸法,以葡萄糖作标准曲线得出样品中的总多糖含量。总蛋白含量利用南京建成的BCA蛋白定量试剂盒进行测定。
从表6可以看出,芜青经过2:1:1:1的植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌发酵后,总酸含量、多糖含量和总蛋白含量均显著升高(<0.01),总多酚含量和总黄酮含量也比发酵前略有提高。
表6 芜青益生菌发酵前后主要活性成分变化
实施例6:芜青益生菌发酵前后抗氧化活性比较
芜青发酵前(Unfermented)和发酵后(Fermentation)的样品制备方法同实施例2。通过比较芜青发酵前和发酵后的样品对羟自由基和DPPH自由基的清除活性,研究芜青益生菌发酵前后抗氧化活性的变化。
羟自由基清除实验方法:在试管管中依次加入10mL的 9 mmol /L FeSO4, 加入10mL的 8.8 mmol/L H2O2 后摇匀,接着加入不同剂量的样品120mL(样品剂量为1、5、10、15、20mL,去离子水补齐至120mL),最后加入10mL的 9 mmol/ L 乙醇 - 水杨酸,37℃水浴加热 15 min 后取出,在510nm处以不加样品的处理组为对照A0,样品组吸光度 Ax,同时以不加双氧水的体系作参比 Ax0。清除率(%)[1-(Ax-Ax0)/A0]×100
DPPH自由基清除实验方法:取DPPH工作溶液40 mL加入到试管中,接着加入不同剂量的样品20mL(样品剂量为4、8、12、16、20mL,去离子水补齐至20mL),以无水乙醇替代样品作为空白对照,混合后静置30分钟,在519 nm处测样品吸光值为A,空白对照组吸光值为A0(519 nm),每个做三个重复。计算公式如下:清除率(%)=(1-A/A0)×100
从图4可以看出,芜青发酵前和发酵后均有一定的清除羟自由基和DPPH自由基活性,利用SPSS软件计算计算其IC50值,芜青未发酵和发酵后清除羟自由基的IC50值分别为7.29mL和5.06mL,清除DPPH自由基的IC50值分别为21.46mL和7.42mL,可见芜青发酵后对羟自由基和DPPH自由基清除活性均有提高。
实施例7:一种含芜青的益生菌发酵物体外降血脂活性研究
以HepG2脂肪变性细胞为模型,研究芜青益生菌发酵物的降血脂活性。
(1) 芜青益生菌发酵前与发酵后对细胞内脂质堆积的影响
设置孔板对照组、模型组、芜青发酵前组、芜青发酵后组进行给药试验。96孔板中细胞培养过夜后,模型组加入含300µmol/L油酸的新鲜培养基,芜青发酵前组和芜青发酵后组同时加入300µmol/L油酸和不同剂量(1、5、10、15%vol)的芜青益生菌发酵物或芜青未发酵提取液。处理细胞24h后,弃去培养基,PBS 清洗,用体积分数为 10%的中性甲醛溶液固定20min后,再以PBS清洗3遍,油红避光染色 40 min。染色完成后,以体积分数为 60%的异丙醇溶液快速清洗,加PBS二次清洗,于显微镜20倍下观察细胞形态。观察过后,加入体积分数为60%的异丙醇溶液,室温静置40 min,振板10min,在528nm处检测吸光值,根据下式计算脂变率:脂变率=(A给药组-A调零组)/(A对照组- A调零组)。
从图5可以看出,模型组的脂肪滴很密集,阳性对照物处理后可以有效减少脂肪滴的形成,说明脂肪变性模型建立成功。芜青发酵前与发酵后的均能不同程度的降低脂肪滴在细胞中的积累,且随着处理剂量的提高效果越明显。相同处理剂量下,芜青发酵后处理组中的脂肪滴量(图5 G~J)比发酵前(图5 C~F)要明显减少,说明芜青益生菌发酵物比发酵前的降血脂功效更好。这一点从图6中也能得到验证,从图6可以看出,模型组的脂变率显著地高于空白组(P<0.01),经过不同剂量的芜青发酵前提取物处理后,细胞中脂变率均得到显著的降低(P<0.05),而经过不同剂量的芜青益生菌发酵液处理和,脂变率得到了极显著的降低(P<0.01),同时,相同发酵前与发酵后在相同剂量下,发酵后也显著的低于发酵前(P<0.05)。总而言之,芜青经过益生菌发酵,显著的提高了降脂活性。
(3)芜青益生菌发酵物对细胞内总胆固醇和总甘油三酯含量的影响
为了进一步研究芜青益生菌发酵物对细胞内总甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC) 含量的影响,我们选择15%vvol的剂量进行下面的实验,给药处理同前,细胞用PBS洗2遍,加0.5mL胰酶消化细胞,完全消化后加0.5mL培养液吹打均匀,转移至1.5mL离心管中,800g离心3min,用PBS清洗2遍。最后加入250uL PBS,用超声破碎细胞,按照试剂盒说明书操作测定总蛋白、总甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC) 含量。
由图7可以看出,经过油酸处理后,细胞内的TG、TC含量升高,芜青益生菌发酵物能够降低细胞内的TG、TC含量,以此达到降血脂效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种含芜青的益生菌发酵物的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)将芜青清洗切块后,用料液质量体积比为3:100的提取液,在95℃下浸提1.5h,过滤获得芜菁提取液;
(2)将芜菁提取液加入终浓度为2wt.%的葡萄糖,混匀后进行杀菌处理;
(3)接种益生菌菌种至终浓度为5×107cfu/mL,在37℃温度下进行发酵;
所述益生菌由植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌按质量浓度比例为2:1:1:1组成;
所述提取液为水。
2.由权利要求1所述制备方法制得的含芜青的益生菌发酵物在制备抗氧化和降血脂产品中的应用。
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