CN111623710A - Grating ruler reading head pulley based on high-strength high-modulus fiber material - Google Patents
Grating ruler reading head pulley based on high-strength high-modulus fiber material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111623710A CN111623710A CN202010318483.5A CN202010318483A CN111623710A CN 111623710 A CN111623710 A CN 111623710A CN 202010318483 A CN202010318483 A CN 202010318483A CN 111623710 A CN111623710 A CN 111623710A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of grating detection, and particularly relates to a grating ruler reading head pulley based on a high-strength high-modulus fiber material. The invention aims to improve the material characteristics, reduce the material deformation and the friction loss generated in the sliding process of the reading head pulley, further avoid the vibration of the pulley under the impact action through the buffer mechanism, and promote the sensitivity and the operation stability of the grating ruler displacement sensor in many aspects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grating detection, in particular to a grating ruler reading head pulley based on a high-strength high-modulus fiber material.
Background
The grating ruler, also called grating ruler displacement sensor, is a measuring feedback device working by the optical principle of grating, the grating ruler is often applied in the closed loop servo system of the numerical control machine, can be used for linear displacement detection, and mainly comprises two parts of a ruler grating and a grating reading head. Typically, the scale grating is fixed to a fixed part of the machine (e.g. the machine base) and the grating readhead is mounted to a movable part of the machine (e.g. the table or the screw), the grating readhead moving relative to the scale grating as the table slides.
The grating reading head is structurally divided into a reading head base and a reading head pulley, the reading head base is generally installed on the outer side of the aluminum profile ruler shell and used as a guide, the reading head pulley is placed on the inner side of the aluminum profile ruler shell and used as a sliding block, and the reading head pulley is provided with an indicating grating. The working principle of the grating ruler is that the grating reading head moves relative to the scale grating, and the indicating grating is driven to move relative to the scale grating, so that the indicating grating in the grating reading head moves relative to the scale grating to form light and shade alternative grating strips which are distributed according to a sine rule, the strips move at the relative movement speed of the grating and directly irradiate the photoelectric element, a series of electric pulses are obtained at the output ends of the strips, and digital signals are generated by an amplifying, shaping, direction-distinguishing and counting system to output, so that the measured displacement is directly displayed.
When the grating ruler is installed, the requirements of the parallelism of the scale grating and the indication grating and the gap between the scale grating and the indication grating (generally 0.05mm or 0.1mm) are strictly guaranteed. Because the indication grating is positioned on the reading head pulley, namely the stability of the reading head pulley in sliding needs to be strictly controlled, the commonly used reading head pulley is generally made of metal, and the following problems exist in production, manufacture and application: (1) the metal material has large mass, is relatively heavy and is not portable enough; (2) the price of the raw material of the metal material is expensive, so that the manufacturing cost of the reading head pulley is high; (3) in the actual use condition, the reading head coaster often need slide along longer workstation or lead screw at a high speed, and the reading head coaster of metal material receives stress variation when assaulting great, and the quality is bigger than normal in addition, leads to the reading head coaster to appear shaking or even micro-deformation very easily, has influenced the precision matching between the grating for the precision of grating chi has the deviation to some extent.
Generally, the grating ruler sensor is used as a high-precision photoelectric signal measuring instrument, and has a strict requirement on the stability of a working environment, from the aspect, the metal material is not an ideal reading head pulley manufacturing material, and the sensitivity and the popularization and the application of the grating ruler sensor are limited to a great extent no matter the shock resistance and the portability are realized, or the manufacturing cost is reduced. Although reading head pulleys formed by injection molding of ABS materials are available on the market at present, ABS is used as a common engineering material, and although the ABS is low in manufacturing cost, the ABS has low strength and is easy to wear, and the problems cannot be effectively solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a grating ruler reading head pulley based on a high-strength high-modulus fiber material.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a grating ruler reading head pulley based on a high-strength high-modulus fiber material comprises a pulley main body, wherein the pulley main body is made of the high-strength high-modulus fiber material.
The high-strength high-modulus fiber material is different from metal materials such as steel or alloy and the like adopted by a conventional reading head, has excellent conductivity, and has the remarkable characteristics of small elastic modulus, light weight, fatigue resistance, creep resistance and the like. As the design key point of the invention, the special performance of the high-strength high-modulus fiber material can effectively solve a plurality of problems of the reading head pulley under the actual use condition:
firstly, the elastic modulus of a high-strength and high-modulus fiber material is smaller than that of metal, and the elastic modulus is used as an index for measuring the elastic deformation resistance of an object, so that the fiber material can slow down the material deformation of the reading head pulley in the back-and-forth sliding process, namely the shape error of the pulley body is reduced;
secondly, the high-strength high-modulus fiber material is light in weight, under the condition of the same volume, the weight of the fiber material is only about one fifth of that of steel, and the outstanding portability can remarkably reduce the abrasion between the pulley main body and an external contact surface, so that the occurrence of jolt of the pulley main body in the sliding process is reduced;
moreover, the fiber material is low in cost, the manufacturing cost of the reading head pulley is reduced, the economic benefit of the grating ruler is improved integrally, and the popularization and application of the grating ruler sensor are further promoted.
In a word, the high-strength and high-modulus fiber material is used as the material of the reading head pulley, so that the parallelism error between the indicating grating and the scale grating can be reduced on the technical level, stable output of the stacked grating stripes formed by the gratings is promoted, and the measurement accuracy is obviously improved; the cost structure can be reduced on the application level, and the commercial value of the grating ruler sensor is optimized.
As a further optimization of the present invention, the high strength and high modulus fiber material includes, but is not limited to, carbon fiber.
As a further optimized scheme of the invention, a fixing hole is arranged on the side surface of the pulley main body, and the side wall of the fixing hole extends outwards along the length direction and the width direction of the pulley main body to form a first sliding groove and a second sliding groove respectively; and a copper sleeve is arranged on the fixing hole.
In practical situations, the reading head pulley and the reading head base have multiple connection modes, for example, the connection modes include two-end contact of an elastic rod, sliding closing of a steel needle, clamping of a pressure spring and the like. The reading head pulley and the base are specifically connected in a manner that one end of the elastic rod props against the fixed hole to be in contact with and positioned on the pulley main body, the other end of the elastic rod is fixedly connected with the base, the elastic rod is usually made of a metal material, and the strength of the high-strength high-modulus fiber material is still lower than that of the metal material, so that the long-term contact between the elastic rod and the pulley main body can not only cause surface abrasion of the elastic rod, but also influence the transmission of electric signals, and therefore a copper sleeve is arranged on the fixed hole, and the elastic rod is in direct contact with the copper sleeve to obtain high-sensitivity.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the copper sleeve is in a horn shape gradually expanding outwards, one end of a connecting piece of the pulley and the base is generally in a spherical shape, the spherical end part needs to be in contact with the inner wall of the copper sleeve, and the horn shape can ensure the effective contact of the end part of the connecting piece and the copper sleeve to the maximum extent.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, two side walls of the pulley main body in the moving direction are provided with buffer mechanisms. Although the existing grating ruler sensor is provided with the anti-collision plastic blocks on two sides of the reading head base, the measure can only slow down collision impact on the reading head base in the displacement process, and for the grating ruler reading head pulley in the aluminum section ruler shell, as the periphery of the grating ruler reading head pulley is not shielded, the pulley body can vibrate due to inertia during the starting or stopping period of the reading head component, so that buffer mechanisms are necessarily arranged on two side walls of the reading head pulley in the moving direction, and the damage to the pulley body is effectively avoided.
As a further optimized scheme of the invention, the buffering mechanism is arranged outwards along the pulley main body and has a function of resetting and rebounding, specifically, the buffering mechanism can be used as a measure for reducing vibration, can fill a gap between the pulley main body and an end cover of the aluminum profile ruler shell and rebounds to a home position after being impacted, and the buffering mechanism can be specifically a buffering elastic part such as an oil pressure pipe buffer, a rubber cushion part or a spring, so that the pulley main body can automatically obtain compensation in a reverse direction when receiving inertia action, and the pulley main body is prevented from generating vibration.
The reading head pulley is provided with a buffer mechanism, and the buffer mechanism is used as a supplementary measure for improving materials, and the high-strength high-modulus fiber materials are used from the reading head pulley to strengthen the elastic deformation resistance of an object; the buffering mechanism is arranged from the outside, so that impact threat to the reading head pulley is reduced; the two aspects are combined, the stress change of the reading head pulley is reduced in a multi-dimensional mode, the deformation of the reading head pulley is reduced, stable output of grating overlapping stripes formed by the gratings is guaranteed, and the sensitivity and the detection precision are improved.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the pulley main body is also provided with mounting columns which are integrally formed, specifically, a signal transmitting device and a signal receiving device are respectively mounted on two sides of the pulley main body, a plurality of raised mounting columns are arranged on corresponding mounting positions of the two devices, the mounting columns can be solid columns with external threads on the tops, can be columns with internal threads, and can also adopt other pressing modes, so that an operator can finish the assembly and disassembly of external components from one side, and the use convenience of the device is obviously improved.
The invention also provides a grating ruler reading head comprising the grating ruler reading head pulley based on the high-strength high-modulus fiber material.
The invention also provides application of the grating ruler reading head pulley based on the high-strength high-modulus fiber material in improving the detection precision of the grating ruler.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the grating ruler sensor is used as a precise photoelectric measuring instrument, and mainly depends on the overlapped grating stripes generated by the movement of the indication grating relative to the scale grating to display the displacement of a measured object, so that the motion stability of the indication grating can be seen, and the accuracy of the measurement precision is directly determined.
1. Aiming at the situation, the invention provides the grating ruler reading head pulley based on the high-strength high-modulus fiber material, which aims to improve the material characteristics, reduce the cost and simultaneously reduce the material deformation and the friction loss generated in the long-distance sliding process of the reading head pulley;
2. according to the invention, the buffer mechanisms are arranged on the two side walls of the pulley main body in the moving direction, so that the pulley main body is prevented from vibrating due to inertial impact, and the sensitivity and the detection precision are improved;
3. the pulley is provided with the copper sleeve and is in contact with one end of the external elastic rod, so that the abrasion of the elastic rod to the pulley main body is reduced, and the high-precision and high-stability data output of the reading head is promoted to a certain extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a grating ruler reading head pulley based on a high-strength high-modulus fiber material according to the present invention;
reference numerals: 1-a pulley body; 2-fixing holes; 3-a first chute; 4-a second chute; 5-copper sheathing; 6, mounting a column; 7-a buffer mechanism; 8-rolling bearing.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The utility model provides a grating chi number of readings head, includes coaster main part 1 antifriction bearing 8 that sets up on the different sides of coaster main part 1 the last instruction grating of installing of coaster main part 1, be located instruct the signal emission device and the signal receiver of grating both sides, in the reading head use, coaster main part 1 passes through antifriction bearing 8 cooperatees with the scale grating, the scale grating is located signal emission device reaches between the signal receiver, through instructing the displacement of grating for the scale grating, thereby form the displacement volume that the cascade bar stripe shows measurationing.
The pulley main body 1 in the embodiment is injection molded by a high-strength high-modulus fiber material, specifically, the pulley main body 1 is made of carbon fiber, the carbon fiber has excellent conductivity, and has the remarkable characteristics of small elastic modulus, light weight, fatigue resistance, creep resistance and the like, and the material deformation generated in the back-and-forth sliding process of the reading head pulley 1 can be slowed down, that is, the shape error of the pulley main body 1 is reduced; in addition, the light weight of the carbon fiber is also beneficial to reducing the abrasion between the pulley main body 1 and an external contact surface, so that the bumping of the pulley main body 1 in the sliding process is reduced; and the carbon fiber has low cost, and further promotes the popularization and application of the grating ruler sensor.
Compared with ABS materials appearing on the market, ABS is low in cost, but low in strength and easy to wear, carbon fibers are firm in material, high in strength, wear-resistant, long in service life and good in plasticity, deformation is resisted, and meanwhile good detection precision of the reading head can be guaranteed.
In a word, the carbon fiber is used as the material of the reading head pulley, so that the parallelism error between the indicating grating and the scale grating can be reduced on the technical level, stable output of the stacked grating stripes formed by the gratings is promoted, and the measurement precision is obviously improved; the cost structure can be reduced on the application level, and the commercial value of the grating ruler sensor is optimized.
In addition, in the process of starting or stopping the grating ruler, the pulley body 1 may vibrate due to inertia, so it is necessary to provide buffer mechanisms 7 on two side walls of the pulley body 1 in the moving direction as shown in fig. 1, so as to effectively avoid damage to the pulley body 1. Buffer gear 7 is along coaster main part 1 sets up outwards, as the measure that alleviates vibrations, buffer gear 7 can fill the space between coaster main part 1 and the aluminium alloy chi shell end cover to kick-back to the normal position after receiving the impact.
In this embodiment, the specific structure of the buffer mechanism 7 is an oil pressure tube buffer, which is a common device for eliminating impacts such as non-mechanical motion vibration and collision damage, and can balance and effectively stop the moving object, thereby preventing the pulley body 1 from vibrating when the grating ruler is started or stopped, prolonging the service life of the device, and ensuring the normal operation of the measurement operation. It should be added that the natural length of the buffer mechanism 7 is close to the gap between the pulley body 1 and the external aluminum profile ruler shell end cover, so as to ensure the buffer effect.
In this embodiment, the reading head pulley and the reading head base are connected by an elastic rod, as shown in fig. 1, a fixing hole 2 is disposed on a side surface of the pulley main body 1, and side walls of the fixing hole 2 respectively extend outward along a length direction and a width direction of the pulley main body 1 to form a first sliding groove 3 and a second sliding groove 4. The fixing hole 2 is arranged because one end of the elastic rod is in a spherical shape, the spherical end part needs to abut against the fixing hole 2 to be contacted and positioned with the pulley main body 1, and the other end is fixedly connected with the base, so that the reading head pulley is connected with the base; the first sliding groove 3 and the second sliding groove 4 are arranged to facilitate the reading head trolley to be matched with reading head bases of various types.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a copper sleeve 5 is disposed on the fixing hole 2, and the copper sleeve 5 is in a shape of a trumpet gradually expanding outward.
Briefly describing the principle of arranging the copper sleeve 5, the conventional reading head generally has a groove on the pulley body 1, and the spherical end of the elastic rod is attached to the groove, so that the two are positioned. The bottom of the groove is improved into a fixing hole 2 penetrating through the pulley main body 1, the contact between the spherical surface and the plane is lifted to the contact between the spherical surface and the side line, and the friction force between the end part of the elastic rod and the pulley main body 1 is enhanced; however, as the hardness of the carbon fiber used by the pulley main body 1 is lower than that of the metal material used by the elastic rod, the surface of the pulley main body 1 is abraded due to long-term abutting contact, so that the stable operation and the electric signal transmission of the pulley are influenced, and aiming at the problem, the copper sleeve 5 is coaxially and additionally arranged at the position of the fixed hole 2, the elastic rod is directly contacted with the copper sleeve 5, so that the service life of the pulley main body 1 is prolonged, and high-sensitivity and stable electric conductivity can be obtained.
In addition, since one end of the elastic rod is generally in a spherical shape, and the spherical end needs to be in contact with the inner wall of the copper sleeve 5, the horn shape can ensure the effective contact between the end of the connecting piece and the copper sleeve 5 to the maximum extent.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a plurality of protruding mounting posts 6 are integrally formed at the mounting positions of the signal transmitting plate and the signal receiving plate of the pulley body 1, the mounting posts 6 are cylinders provided with internal threads, and the outline dimension of the cylinders is slightly larger than the mounting holes of the corresponding components, so that firstly, the mounting posts 6 can be used to support the plate, and secondly, an operator can conveniently complete the assembly and disassembly of external components from one side, thereby significantly improving the convenience in use of this embodiment.
It should be emphasized that, the present embodiment, as a main body component of the grating scale reading head, can be assembled with conventional components such as an indication grating, a signal emitting device (e.g. a light source board), a signal receiving device (e.g. a receiving board), and a cable to form a complete grating scale reading head.
The above examples of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a grating chi reading head coaster based on high strength high modulus fiber material, includes coaster main part (1), its characterized in that: the pulley main body (1) is made of high-strength high-modulus fiber materials.
2. The grating tape-reading head pulley based on high strength and high modulus fiber material of claim 1, wherein: the high strength, high modulus fibrous material includes, but is not limited to, carbon fiber.
3. The grating tape-reading head pulley based on high strength and high modulus fiber material of claim 1, wherein: a fixing hole (2) is formed in the side face of the pulley main body (1), and the side wall of the fixing hole (2) extends outwards along the length direction and the width direction of the pulley main body (1) to form a first sliding groove (3) and a second sliding groove (4); the fixing hole (2) is provided with a copper sleeve (5).
4. The grating tape-reading head pulley based on high strength high modulus fiber material of claim 3, wherein: the copper sleeve (5) is in a horn shape which is gradually opened outwards.
5. The grating tape-reading head pulley based on high strength and high modulus fiber material of claim 1, wherein: and two side walls of the pulley main body (1) in the moving direction are provided with buffer mechanisms (7).
6. The grating tape-reading head pulley based on high strength and high modulus fiber material of claim 5, wherein: buffer gear (7) along the both sides wall of coaster main part (1) sets up outwards, has the function of resilience that resets.
7. The grating tape-reading head trolley based on high strength and high modulus fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the pulley main body (1) is further provided with a mounting column (6) integrally formed with the pulley main body (1).
8. A grating ruler reading head, comprising: comprising a grating tape-reading head trolley based on high strength high modulus fibrous material according to claims 1 to 7.
9. Use of a grating ruler reading head trolley based on high strength high modulus fibrous material as claimed in claims 1 to 7 to improve the detection accuracy of a grating ruler.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010318483.5A CN111623710A (en) | 2020-04-21 | 2020-04-21 | Grating ruler reading head pulley based on high-strength high-modulus fiber material |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010318483.5A CN111623710A (en) | 2020-04-21 | 2020-04-21 | Grating ruler reading head pulley based on high-strength high-modulus fiber material |
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| CN111623710A true CN111623710A (en) | 2020-09-04 |
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2020
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Application publication date: 20200904 |