CN111615982B - Method for preventing and treating yellow dragon disease of Rutaceae plant and iodine-containing composition - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating yellow dragon disease of Rutaceae plant and iodine-containing composition Download PDFInfo
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- CN111615982B CN111615982B CN202010447274.0A CN202010447274A CN111615982B CN 111615982 B CN111615982 B CN 111615982B CN 202010447274 A CN202010447274 A CN 202010447274A CN 111615982 B CN111615982 B CN 111615982B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/12—Iodine, e.g. iodophors; Compounds thereof
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preventing and treating yellow dragon disease of Rutaceae plants and an iodine-containing composition, belonging to the plant disease prevention and treatment technology, and comprising the following steps of drilling: drilling an infusion hole on a plant trunk, wherein the infusion hole is deep to the xylem of the trunk; pathogen eradication: each infusion hole is provided with a pressure perfusion device for perfusing a medicament into the tree body, and the medicament is directly transmitted in the tree body through internal suction to form an internal circulation prevention and control system; the medicament enters the tree body under the action of gas pressure and tree body transpiration tension, and the effective component of the medicament is an iodine-containing composition. Aiming at the Rutaceae plant yellow dragon disease and other woody plant parasitic diseases, the invention quickly conveys the medicine to each part of the tree body in 12 hours by a pressure perfusion mode, can thoroughly eliminate pathogeny, has little damage to the plant, is not easy to generate drug resistance, quickly recovers the tree body, is not influenced by climatic conditions, does not cause pollution to the environment, is safe and ecological, and is easy to implement in three provinces.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a plant disease control technology, and particularly relates to a control method for yellow dragon disease of a Rutaceae plant and an iodine-containing composition
Background
Citrus huanglongbing, the most devastating infectious disease in citrus production in the world, is caused by a gram-negative bacterium which is parasitic in phloem and can infect various Rutaceae plants including Citrus, Poncirus and Murraya koenigii. Citrus yellow shoot has been developed in succession in more than 40 countries, such as asia, africa, north america, south america and oceania, and causes huge losses to the citrus industry in all countries of the world. The pathogen of yellow dragon disease is a gram negative bacterium parasitized specifically at the phloem of citrus trees, only grows in sieve tube cells, and has no effective technology for in vitro culture, so that the infection mechanism research and the screening of prevention and treatment drugs are hindered.
At present, means for preventing and treating citrus huanglongbing mainly comprise chemical prevention and control, biological prevention and control, physical prevention and control, nutritional therapy and the like. The antibiotics are definite chemical drugs capable of directly preventing and treating the huanglongbing disease, and the antibiotics such as tetracycline, terramycin, penicillin G sodium salt, streptomycin, ampicillin, 2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, cycloheximide, validamycin and the like all have an original inhibiting effect on the huanglongbing disease in the modes of trunk injection, branch soaking and the like, and the plants treated by the antibiotics only recover healthy growth temporarily and can reoccur after 1 to 3 years, and due to factors such as application difficulty, legal permission, application cost, food safety and the like, the treatment scheme of the antibiotics is not commercially adopted so far. Therefore, the most commonly used prevention and control strategy at present is still 'three-board axe', namely, non-toxic seedlings, disease tree cutting and psylla killing, however, the continuously severe yellow dragon disease epidemic situation around the world indicates that the passive situation taking prevention as the main situation cannot effectively inhibit the deterioration and spread of the yellow dragon disease, cannot effectively reduce the loss of the citrus orchard infected with the yellow dragon disease, and is more difficult to radically treat the yellow dragon disease. Once the epidemic situation occurs, various preventive measures can be implemented with a success of one step short. The fruit trees are cut down in a large quantity, the insecticide is used in a large quantity, and the orchard management is strict, so that the labor cost, the environmental cost and the planting cost are greatly increased, the planting enthusiasm of orchard planters is greatly struck, and the development of the whole citrus industry is hindered. Therefore, the traditional prevention and treatment strategy for huanglongbing is far from coping with the development of the current epidemic situation, and the development of a novel medicine or a treatment method capable of directly treating huanglongbing is urgent.
In the pesticide application method for preventing and controlling citrus yellow shoot, a spraying technology is generally adopted, but the problems of large drug loss, high environmental influence degree and the like exist, and due to the fact that a thick wax layer exists on the surface of a Rutaceae plant leaf, the drug absorption rate is low, the propagation of the pathogen of the yellow shoot can promote the disintegration and the displacement of phloem cells and block a sieve tube channel, so that the accumulation of starch and sugar in tissues is caused, the complete blockage of apical transportation is finally caused, and the drug absorption is further hindered. Although some control methods can remove pathogens, plants are seriously damaged after treatment, and the yield and the quality are difficult to restore to normal levels.
Iodine is used as an active non-metallic substance and has important application value in the fields of sanitary disinfectants and agricultural bactericides. The amino acid complex iodine (CN1207271C), the oligomeric acid iodine (ZL201010288868.8), the fluid and the nano iodine (CN107098314B and US10149479B1) disclosed in the invention patent prove that the iodine can efficiently kill viruses, pathogenic factors, pests and the like in aquaculture and planting industry. However, there are few reports on the control of plant diseases.
Disclosure of Invention
The inventor finds that the application mode is an important influence factor influencing the control effect of woody plant diseases, the trunk injection technology reported at present is that normal pressure injection is drip injection depending on the action of gravity, and because the tree body is large, the time for applying effective dose is too long (as long as one month), the normal environmental temperature is 20-35 ℃ in the season of disease occurrence, the effective drug is easily diluted, mildewed and deteriorated, the effective drug is ineffective or harmful decomposers are generated, meanwhile, the trunk wound is easily infected with bacteria, the control effect is not good, and more harm is brought.
In the prior art, the research on the effect of iodine on plants is less. Although patents CN107098314B and US10149479B1 report that nano iodine has excellent prevention and control effects as a plant bactericide, namely citrus greening disease for the first time. However, the inventor of the invention finds that the use concentration and the use mode of the iodine have key influence on the control. The low-concentration iodine has incomplete pathogen killing effect, and long-term low-concentration treatment can cause the plants to generate drug resistance; the high-concentration iodine treatment can kill pathogens, but causes damage to plant cells, the vitality of the treated plants is difficult to recover, and the fruit quality and the yield are difficult to recover.
According to the technical problem that the Rutaceae plant huanglongbing and woody plant diseases are difficult to control in the prior art, the provided control method can not only thoroughly eliminate pathogens, but also has small plant damage and fast tree body recovery, and can reduce the loss of fruit growers to the maximum extent. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows
A method for preventing and treating yellow dragon disease of Rutaceae plants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
drilling: the method is characterized in that a transfusion hole is formed in a plant trunk, and the transfusion hole is deep to the xylem of the trunk;
pathogen eradication: each infusion hole is provided with a pressure perfusion device for perfusing a medicament into the tree body, and the medicament is directly absorbed and conducted in the tree body to form an internal circulation prevention and control system;
the high-pressure perfusion device comprises a pressure-resistant bottle body, a control valve, a perfusion tube and an injection head; the injection head is used for being butted with the medicine perfusion hole; the pressure-resistant bottle body is pre-filled with the liquid medicament and the pressure gas; the liquid medicament enters the tree body from the pressure-resistant bottle body through the infusion tube, the injection head and the infusion hole under the action of gas pressure and tree body transpiration pulling force.
Preferably, 2 infusion holes are drilled in a staggered mode, and two sets of pressure infusion devices are adopted for infusion at the same time when a medicament is infused each time;
preferably, the drilling is carried out on the plant trunk at a position 5-10 cm away from the ground, and the aperture is 0.3-0.6 cm.
Preferably, the step of infusing the liquid medicament into the tree body means that the effective dose of the medicament is obtained after the tree body is continuously infused for 8-12 hours; preferably, before the medicament is filled, 4-8 kg of air pressure is input into the pressure-resistant bottle body, and the control valve is closed for standby;
preferably, the volume of the infusion bottle is 2000 ml;
preferably, the pathogen clearance comprises multiple infusions (preferably 1-3 times) for 8-12 hours each.
Preferably, the rutaceae plant is citrus, poncirus, kumquat or murraya paniculata;
the effective component of the medicament is an iodine-containing composition which is a stable solution or suspending agent with the pH value of 3-14;
the iodine-containing composition contains compounds with three valence states of zero-valence iodine, iodine negative ions and/or iodine penta positive ions;
preferably, the zero-valent iodine is selected from elementary iodine, a complex or a complex formed by an organic or inorganic ligand and iodine molecules;
preferably, the zero-valent iodine is one or more of chitosan oligo-iodine, chitosan oligosaccharide complex iodine, amino acid complex iodine, povidone iodine and quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine;
the iodine negative ion valence state compound is one or more of potassium iodide, sodium iodide, ethylenediamine dihydroiodate, potassium iodate, sodium iodate and iodine iodate;
preferably, the iodine containing composition comprises: 5-10 parts of molecular iodine compound, 5-10 parts of positive iodine ion compound, 5-10 parts of negative iodine ion compound, 5-10 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide and 60-80 parts of water.
Preferably, the pathogen eradication is performed during the summer tip growth phase or 7-8 months per year.
Preferably, the control method is characterized in that the using amount of the medicament is 5-20ml Xn, wherein n is the age of the tree and is 3-15; when in use, the medicament is diluted to ensure that the mass volume percentage concentration of iodine is 0.5-3%.
Preferably, after the pathogen is cleared, the following tree restoration steps are also performed: and (3) irrigating roots of the plants by using an oligosaccharide repairing agent.
Preferably, the oligosaccharide source in the oligosaccharide repairing agent can be obtained by degrading plant polysaccharide, animal polysaccharide or microbial polysaccharide; preferably, the active ingredient of the oligosaccharide repairing agent is one or more of xanthan gum oligosaccharide, cellooligosaccharide and chitosan oligosaccharide, and the molecular weight of the active ingredient is 1000-5000Da, and the content is 0.5-5%.
Preferably, the use amount of the oligosaccharide repairing agent is 5 times n kilograms, wherein n is the age of the tree; diluting the oligosaccharide repairing agent by 3000 times, and then performing root irrigation treatment on the plants, wherein the treatment is performed for 1-3 times in 9-10 months every year and for 1-3 times in 3-4 months next year;
preferably, in the spring shoot germination period of 3-4 months in the next year, when the oligosaccharide repairing agent is applied, the branches with poor health conditions of the tree body, the bush branches, the dead branches, the bore branches and the like are cut off for the mild yellow dragon disease trees subjected to pathogen clearing treatment; and (3) carrying out heavy truncation on the critically ill Huanglongbing trees subjected to pathogen clearing treatment, cutting off all lateral branches, and only reserving the main trunk to ensure that the young shoots are supplied with nutrient substances to germinate.
The application of the control method in the control of fruit tree diseases is characterized in that,
the fruit tree diseases refer to the prevention and treatment of viral diseases, dry rot, gummosis, canker, root rot or nematode and other parasitic diseases;
preferably, the fruit tree refers to apple trees, peach trees, cherry trees, apricot trees and pear trees.
The iodine-containing composition for preventing and treating the fruit tree diseases is characterized in that: is a stable solution or suspension agent with a pH value between 3 and 14;
the iodine-containing composition contains compounds with three valence states of zero-valence iodine, iodine negative ions and/or iodine penta positive ions;
preferably, the zero-valent iodine is selected from elementary iodine, complexes or complexes formed by organic or inorganic ligands and iodine molecules;
preferably, the zero-valent iodine is one or more of chitosan oligo-iodine, chitosan oligosaccharide complex iodine, amino acid complex iodine, povidone iodine and quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine;
the iodine negative ion valence state compound is one or more of potassium iodide, sodium iodide, ethylenediamine dihydroiodate, potassium iodate, sodium iodate and iodine iodate;
preferably, the iodine containing composition comprises: 5-10 parts of molecular iodine compound, 5-10 parts of positive iodine ion compound, 5-10 parts of negative iodine ion compound, 5-10 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide and 60-80 parts of water.
Preferably, the iodine-containing composition consists of 10 parts by weight of amino acid iodine, 10 parts by weight of potassium iodide, 5 parts by weight of iodic acid iodine, 5 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide and 70 parts by weight of water.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention inputs the medicament into the tree tissue cells quickly by pressurization, can efficiently eliminate pathogens in the tree, and helps the tree recover the vitality by irrigating the oligosaccharide repairing agent, thereby constructing a long-acting immune control system of plants. The main advantages are as follows:
(1) high pressure perfusion, medullary delivery: 4-6 kg of infusion pressure is injected into the medullary part;
(2) rapid transmission, stereoscopic drug delivery: the method can deliver the medicine to the parts of the leaves, the stems, the roots and the fruits of the trees within 10 hours by pressurizing and infusing to prevent the medicine from losing and losing.
(3) Internal circulation, environment safety: the soil micro-ecological environment is not damaged, the influence of the adverse environment of the moisture, light, rain and wind on the overground part is avoided, the pollution and the damage to people and the environment are avoided, and the soil is safe and environment-friendly.
(4) The three provinces are easy to implement: the drug resistance is avoided, the time and the labor are saved, and the pathogens in the tree body can be completely killed after 1 to 3 times of drug application.
(5) The invention discovers for the first time that besides fluid iodine and nano iodine (CN107098314B, US10149479B1), the iodine element can be directly absorbed and conducted in the tree body by adopting a mode of combining a common iodine-containing preparation with pressure perfusion of the tree trunk to form an internal circulation prevention and control system. The field test shows that the negative conversion rate of PCR detection reaches more than 85 percent after the Huanglongbing trees are treated by the method for 1 to 3 times. The yellowing rate of leaves is lower than 10 percent, and the ripening rate of fruits reaches more than 90 percent. The embodiment of the invention shows that the effect of completely removing and killing the pathogen of the huanglongbing cannot be achieved by adopting a common iodine preparation and a common spraying or normal-pressure tree body injection method, and the method has obvious effect.
(6) The method adopts the pathogen clearance and immune repair combined treatment to the diseased trees, can directly clear the pathogens of the mild disease trees and recover the normal life state of the trees; for critically ill trees, branches above 2/3 can be cut off in a heavy-cutting pruning mode, only the trunk part is reserved, and then the immune repairing treatment is carried out to restore the vitality of the trees, so that the effects of cutting generation, repairing and regenerating are achieved, the long-acting immune mechanism of the trees is constructed, and diseases are not easy to relapse.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a pressure perfusion apparatus used in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of an infusion method for pressure infusion of trees using the method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the growth of diseased trees at different time periods after treatment by the method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows the administration of the drug to trees by the general injection method in example 5.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified.
Sources of reagent materials:
bark healing agent: are commercially available.
Potassium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodate, sodium iodate, and ethylenediamine dihydroiodate are commercially pure and commercially available.
The oligo acid iodine, the amino acid complex iodine, the povidone iodine and the quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine are commercial products and are commercially available.
The xanthan gum oligosaccharide and the chitosan oligosaccharide are prepared by adopting xanthan gum or chitin as raw materials according to the method of 201911059591.9, and then 2% of xanthan gum oligosaccharide or 5% of chitosan oligosaccharide is obtained by quantitative dilution.
The preparation method of the chitosan oligosaccharide complex iodine comprises the following steps: the chitosan oligosaccharide and iodine simple substance obtained by the method are reacted for 2 to 6 hours in a mixed system of dimethyl sulfoxide and water.
EXAMPLE 1 pressure perfusion apparatus
The structure of the pressure perfusion device used in each embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 1, and mainly comprises a pressure-resistant bottle 1 and a liquid guide tube 2, wherein a control valve 3 is arranged on the mouth of the pressure-resistant bottle 1, the outlet of the control valve 3 is connected with one end of the liquid guide tube 2, the other end of the liquid guide tube 2 is provided with an injection head 4, and the injection head 4 can be inserted into a tree hole on a tree trunk to input liquid in the pressure-resistant bottle 1 into the tree trunk.
Example 2 field prevention and control of mild disease trees
First, test set-up
Test site: ganzhou Ruijin Yechang village yellow Shasha certain navel orange orchard
Test time: 7/2019-2020/4
The test varieties are as follows: new-lotus navel orange with age of 6-8 years
Test reagents and dosage: the iodine-containing composition consists of 10 parts by weight of chitosan oligomate iodine, 5 parts by weight of potassium iodide, 5 parts by weight of potassium iodate, 10 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide and 70 parts by weight of water, and is perfused under pressure for two times, wherein the application amount of each plant is 30 mL.
Selecting a mild case tree: firstly, dividing the Huanglongbing trees into 5 disease levels according to the following classification standard of the citrus Huanglongbing disease,
wherein, the 1 stage: 5-6 tip leaves on the tree present mottle yellowing symptoms;
and 2, stage: partial lateral branches or main branches have mottled yellowing symptoms, which account for less than one third of the whole tree;
and 3, level: the lateral branches or main branches with mottled etiolated leaves account for 1/3-2/3 of the whole tree;
4, level: the branches with the symptom of the yellow dragon disease account for more than two thirds;
and 5, stage: the whole tree is close to death.
5 mild tree strains (marked as No. 1 tree, No. 2 tree, No. 3 tree, No. 4 tree and No. 5 tree) with disease states of 1-3 are selected for pathogen clearance and repair tests.
The application time and times are as follows: the medicine is applied twice in the last 7 th month and 8 th month in 2019 at the interval of 1 month.
Second, the disease-eliminating medicine
(1) Drilling: selecting a mild yellow dragon disease tree, drilling a liquid infusion hole at a position 10 cm away from the ground by using a drilling machine until the tree reaches a tree center part (namely a xylem pith part), wherein the drilling machine is downwards inclined by about 10 degrees during drilling, the hole diameter is 0.4cm, and 2 holes are drilled in a staggered mode for later use.
(2) Preparing medicines: taking 30mL of test medicament, quantitatively diluting the test medicament to 2000mL with water, averagely pouring the test medicament into 2 pressure bottles with the volume of 2000mL, and connecting liquid guide pipes for later use.
(3) Pressurizing: and (3) stopping air delivery after 6 kilograms of air pressure is input into the pressure-resistant bottle through the liquid delivery pipe by using a pressure pump, and closing the control valve for later use.
(4) Transfusion: and (3) inserting the joints of the 2 sets of liquid guide pipes of the perfusion device into the 2 infusion holes drilled in the step (1), fixing, suspending the pressure-resistant bottle on the trunk, opening the control valve, and starting to automatically convey the medicament to the trunk, wherein the infusion method is schematically shown in fig. 2.
(5) And (3) sealing: after the liquid in the pressure-resistant bottle is completely conveyed into the tree body for 8-12 hours, the connector of the infusion tube is pulled out, a hole packer is plugged into the tree hole, and a bark healing agent is coated.
Third, tree body repair
In the autumn tip growth period of 2019 in 9-10 months, adopting 30 kg of a repairing agent containing 2% xanthan gum oligosaccharide, diluting the repairing agent by 2000 times with water, and carrying out conventional root irrigation treatment on the trees with the pathogen removed for 2 times, wherein the interval is 2 weeks each time;
in spring shoot germination period of 3-4 months in 2020, old branches are cut off, and simultaneously, 30 kilograms of repairing agent containing 2 percent xanthan gum oligosaccharide is diluted by 1000 times for 2 times, and each time is 2 weeks apart;
fourthly, fluorescent quantitative PCR detection: by using
96 real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR instrument for indicating the yellow dragon disease of plant leaves before, during and after testAnd (5) dynamically detecting the pathogen content.
The detection data are shown in Table 1, and all the Huanglongbing trees subjected to the treatment by the method of the invention are negative in PCR detection.
TABLE 1
Note: when the CT value is more than 35, the Huanglongbing pathogen is judged to be completely cleared. It was negative.
The tree body appearance symptoms are observed in 2020 and 4 months: the tree grows well, and old leaves and new leaves are all turned into green. The growth of trees at different periods is observed as shown in figure 3.
Fifth, parallel example:
in some parallel tests in this example, the same test effect as that in this example was obtained when treating mild huanglongbing trees with disease classification of 1-3 levels with iodine-containing compositions comprising iodine simple substance, iodine complex with amino acid, iodine oligoate, povidone iodine, iodine complex with quaternary ammonium salt, sodium iodide, ethylenediamine dihydroiodate, iodine iodide, sodium iodate, and the like in different proportions, after 1-2 pathogen elimination tests, the PCR detection results were negative and stable, and in combination with tree restoration treatment, the tree growth vigor was good, and the old leaves and the new leaves were all green.
Example 3 field control of severely diseased trees
First, test set-up
Test site: ganzhou Ruijin Shazhou dam Zhenjiancun certain navel orange orchard
Test time: 7-8 months in 2019
The test varieties are as follows: new-year-old navel orange of 5-6 years old
Test agents and number of administrations: the iodine-containing composition consists of 10 parts by weight of amino acid iodine, 10 parts by weight of potassium iodide, 5 parts by weight of iodic acid iodine, 5 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide and 70 parts by weight of water; the application times are as follows: 1 time, dosage: 100mL, diluted quantitatively to 2000mL, and poured into 2 2000mL pressure bottles on average.
Selecting a severe tree: according to the disease grading standard in example 2, 5 Severe Huanglongbing trees (marked as No. 6, No. 7, No. 8, No. 9 and No. 10) with disease grade 4-5 were selected for pathogen clearance and repair tests.
Secondly, the operation method of the pathogen clearance test is as follows: the same as in example 2.
Tree body repairing test method
In the autumn shoot growth period of 2019 in 9-10 months, 25 kilograms of chitosan oligosaccharide repairing agent containing 5 percent is adopted to carry out root irrigation treatment on the plants with the pathogen eliminated for 2 times, and the interval is 15 days each time; in spring shoot germination period of 3-4 months in 2020, all lateral branches are cut off by heavy truncation, only the main trunk is reserved, and meanwhile, 25 kg of chitosan oligosaccharide repairing agent containing 5% is adopted for root irrigation for 2 times, and the interval is 15 days each time.
For critically ill trees, branches above 2/3 can be cut in a heavy cutting mode, only the trunk part is reserved, and then immune repair treatment is carried out to restore the vitality of the trees, so that the regeneration effect is achieved, and the long-acting immune mechanism of the trees is constructed.
Fourthly, fluorescent quantitative PCR detection:
by using
And a 96 real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR instrument is used for detecting the pathogen content of the plant leaves in the spring shoot germination period of the next year before and after the test. The detection data are shown in Table 2, the PCR detection of the Huanglongbing trees treated by the method of the invention is completely converted into negative.
TABLE 2
Note: when the CT value is more than 35, the Huanglongbing pathogen is judged to be completely cleared. It was negative.
The tree body appearance symptoms are observed in 2020 and 4 months: the tree grows well, and the newly born leaves in spring shoots are all green and have no yellowing and mottle phenomena.
Fifth, parallel embodiment
In some parallel tests in this example, severe huanglongbing trees with disease classification of 4-5 levels are treated by iodine-containing compositions formed by combining iodine simple substance, amino acid complex iodine, oligomeric acid iodine, povidone iodine, quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine, sodium iodide, ethylene diamine dihydroiodate, iodine iodide, sodium iodate and the like in different proportions, the same test effect as that in example 2 is achieved, after 1 high-dose pathogen elimination test, PCR detection results are negative, and the tree body is good in growth, and all new leaves in spring shoots are green and free of yellowing and mottle.
Comparative example 1. conventional spray iodine preparation
First, test set-up
Test site: ganzhou Ruijin Yechang village yellow Shasha certain navel orange orchard
Test time: 7 in 2019-2020 and 4 months
The test varieties are as follows: new-lotus navel orange with age of 6-8 years
Test agents: the iodine composition consists of 10 weight parts of amino acid iodine, 10 weight parts of potassium iodide, 5 weight parts of iodine iodate, 5 weight parts of dimethyl sulfoxide and 70 weight parts of water;
and (3) experimental design: according to the disease grading method in example 2, 5 mild trees (marked as 11 trees, 12 trees, 13 trees, 14 trees and 15 trees) with disease grades of 1-3 were selected for a common iodine spraying preparation comparison test.
Secondly, spraying and applying time and frequency: the test is carried out simultaneously with the pressure perfusion test, and the test solution is sprayed for 1 time respectively in 7 months and 10 days, 7 months and 20 days and 8 months and 1 day in 2019, the dosage for each time is 30ml, and the dilution multiple is 1000 times.
Thirdly, detecting results: is applied 10 days after the third application
The 96 real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR instrument detects the content of the huanglongbing pathogens of the leaves, the result is shown in table 3, the CT value of the quantitative PCR detection shows that the huanglongbing pathogens of the leaves can still be detected in the leaves after treatment, and meanwhile, the yellowing and mottled states of the leaves, which are apparent symptoms of the tree, are not obviously improved through observation.
TABLE 3
Fourth, parallel example:
in some parallel experiments in this example, iodine-containing compositions, which are prepared by combining iodine simple substance, amino acid complex iodine, oligomeric acid iodine, povidone iodine, quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine, sodium iodide, ethylenediamine dihydroiodate, iodine iodide, sodium iodate and the like in different proportions, are adopted, and the yellowing and mottled states of the leaves of the mild yellow dragon disease tree, which is graded in disease states from 1 to 3, are not obviously improved.
Comparative example 2, ordinary injection iodine preparation
First, test set-up
Test site: ganzhou Ruijin Yechang village yellow Shasha certain navel orange orchard
Test time: 7 in 2019-2020 and 4 months
The test varieties are as follows: new-lotus navel orange with age of 6-8 years
Test agents: the iodine-containing composition comprises 10 parts by weight of shell oligoacid iodine, 5 parts by weight of potassium iodide, 5 parts by weight of potassium iodate, 10 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide and 70 parts by weight of water;
and (3) experimental design: according to the disease grading method in example 2, 5 mild trees (marked as No. 16 tree, No. 17 tree, No. 18 tree, No. 19 tree and No. 20 tree) with disease at 1-3 level were selected for a general iodine injection comparative test.
II, injection and administration time and frequency:
the pressure perfusion test in example 2 was performed simultaneously, the trunk part was injected, the amount and the concentration were the same as in example 2, 6 syringes with 30mL capacity were used for continuous injection for 5 weeks in 7 months, 7 days to 8 months, 15 days in 2019, 750mL of the drug solution in the tree was co-injected, and the injection process is shown in FIG. 4.
Thirdly, detecting results:
10 days after the second injection
The 96 real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument detects the pathogen content of the leaves, the result is shown in table 4, the CT value of the quantitative PCR detection indicates that the pathogen of the huanglongbing can still be detected in the leaves after treatment, and the apparent symptoms of the tree body are observed at the same time: yellowing and mottle were not significantly improved.
TABLE 4
Fourth, parallel example:
in some parallel experiments in this example, iodine-containing compositions, which are prepared by combining iodine simple substance, amino acid complex iodine, oligomeric acid iodine, povidone iodine, quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine, sodium iodide, ethylene diamine dihydroiodate, iodine iodide, sodium iodate and the like in different proportions, are respectively adopted to treat mild Huanglongbing trees with disease grading of 1-3 levels, and the yellowing and mottled states of leaves of Huanglongbing trees are not obviously improved.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preventing and treating yellow dragon disease of Rutaceae plants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
drilling: 2 infusion holes are drilled in a plant trunk in a staggered mode, the drilling is carried out on the plant trunk at a position 5-10 cm away from the ground, the hole diameter is 0.3-0.6cm, and the infusion holes are deep to the xylem of the trunk;
pathogen eradication: continuously filling liquid medicaments for 8-12 hours into the tree body by adopting two sets of pressure filling devices each time to ensure that the tree body obtains the liquid medicaments with effective dose, so that the liquid medicaments are directly absorbed and conducted in the tree body to form an internal circulation prevention and control system;
the pathogen is cleared and killed repeatedly for 1-3 times;
the pressure perfusion device comprises a pressure-resistant bottle body, a control valve, a perfusion tube and an injection head; the injection head is used for being butted with the infusion hole; the pressure-resistant bottle body is pre-filled with the liquid medicament and 4-8 kg of pressure gas; the liquid medicament enters the tree body from the pressure-resistant bottle body through the infusion tube, the injection head and the infusion hole under the action of gas pressure and tree body transpiration tension;
the liquid agent is an iodine-containing composition and is a stable solution with a pH value between 3 and 14;
the formula of the iodine-containing composition comprises: 5-10 parts of zero-valent iodine, 5-10 parts of iodine penta-positive ion compound, 5-10 parts of iodine negative ion compound, 5-10 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide and 60-80 parts of water;
the zero-valent iodine is one or more of oligomate iodine, chitosan oligosaccharide complex iodine, amino acid complex iodine, povidone iodine and quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine;
the iodine negative ion compound is potassium iodide or sodium iodide;
the iodine penta-positive ion compound is potassium iodate, sodium iodate or iodine iodate.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the Rutaceae plant is Citrus, Poncirus, or Murraya koenigii.
3. The method for control according to claim 1, wherein the pathogen eradication is performed during the summer tip growth period or at 7-8 months per year.
4. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the liquid chemical used is 5-20ml x n, wherein n is the age of the tree and n is 3-15.
5. The method for controlling according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein after the pathogen is cleared, the following tree restoration step is further performed: carrying out root irrigation treatment on the plants by using an oligosaccharide repairing agent;
the oligosaccharide in the oligosaccharide repairing agent is obtained by degrading plant polysaccharide, animal polysaccharide or microbial polysaccharide;
the active ingredient of the oligosaccharide repairing agent is one or more of xanthan gum oligosaccharide, cellooligosaccharide and chitosan oligosaccharide, and the molecular weight of the active ingredient is 1000-5000 Da.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the oligosaccharide repair agent is used in an amount of 5 kg multiplied by n, where n is the age of the tree; diluting the oligosaccharide repairing agent by 3000 times, and then performing root irrigation treatment on the plants, wherein the treatment is performed for 1-3 times in 9-10 months every year and for 1-3 times in 3-4 months next year;
in spring shoot germination period of 3-4 months in the next year, when the oligosaccharide repairing agent is applied, for the mild yellow dragon disease tree which is subjected to pathogen clearing treatment, cutting off branches with poor health condition of the tree body, and bush branches, dead branches and inner bore branches; and (3) carrying out heavy truncation on the critically ill Huanglongbing trees subjected to pathogen clearing treatment, cutting off all lateral branches, and only reserving the main trunk to ensure that the young shoots are supplied with nutrient substances to germinate.
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