CN111607448A - 兼具润滑与减磨功能的固体润滑材料及其用途 - Google Patents
兼具润滑与减磨功能的固体润滑材料及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种兼具润滑与减磨功能的固体润滑材料及其用途,属于固态润滑材料领域。本发明采用的技术方案是:兼具润滑与减磨功能的固体润滑材料,含有基材、层状硅酸盐粉体及辅料,基材为环氧树脂或橡胶,硅酸盐粉体的平均粒径在2um~20um间,粉体在棒体中所占比例为5wt%~35wt%。本发明的优点在于:固体润滑材料介入摩擦副间,在摩擦热与应力的作用下,不仅可以减少摩擦,还可以动态强化摩擦表面,提高轮缘表面抗磨能力。固体润滑材料自身与轮缘摩擦后的材料损失速率可调,介入到轮缘与铁轨间的固体润滑材料磨屑量可调。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种兼具润滑与减磨功能的固体润滑材料及其用途,属于固体润滑材料领域。
背景技术
在轨道交通领域,轮缘的摩擦磨损问题一直备受关注,铁路、地铁机车在运行过程中,为了克服车辆摆动而导致的离心力,轮轨之间存在着严重的滑动摩擦,这不仅造成粘着振动、尖啸噪音,还会产生严重的轮轨磨损,导致能源的浪费,并影响车辆的安全行驶。高速度、重载荷以及经常在小曲率半径路线行驶的车辆,这种情况尤为严重。机车轮缘磨损到一定程度,则需要璇轮,否则车辆就会有脱轨的危险,多次璇轮后,车轮就要更换。无论璇轮还是更换车轮不仅需要耗费大量人力财力,而且还会影响运力,因此加强轮轨之间的润滑具有重要意义。
采用合理的润滑材料是解决这一问题的关键。降低轮轨摩擦磨损的方法是对其接触面进行润滑,在线润滑轮缘是行之有效的方法。早期轮缘润滑是将油脂涂覆到轮缘表面的方式,但随着铁路系统的不断提速,液体或半液体润滑油脂逐渐显现出局限性。在高速气流作用下,油脂难以准确喷涂到指定位置,易污染车身与铁轨踏面,不仅增加了额外了清理工作,还会造成机车牵引失效。此外,轮轨表面存在微裂纹,油脂浸润后,在强大的轮轨应力作用下,由于“油楔”作用,轮轨会出现剥离掉块的现象,极大地减少了轮轨的使用寿命。
目前,国内外普遍采用干式轮缘润滑技术,即在车辆行驶过程中,通过固体润滑棒与轮缘在线摩擦而将润滑材料转移到轮缘表面。该项技术具有操作简便、设备可靠性强、涂覆位置准确、环境适应性好的特点。棒材一般都是利用树脂粘结功能材料,功能材料是实现减少摩擦磨损的关键组分。目前已见报道的各种产品的功能组分无外乎石墨、MoS2、CaF2、软金属等无机粉体,或在棒体中加入一些有机极压剂,通过调节树脂品种、含量以及棒体的结构来改善棒材性能。但总体而言,以上产品仅仅具有减少摩擦的性能,本质上属于润滑工程的范畴,在效果上仅仅体现为延缓轮缘的磨损,当车辆处于高速、重载状态,且行驶路线小曲率半径较多时,则以上这些润滑棒作用并不明显。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种兼具润滑与减磨功能的固体润滑材料及其用途,可以显著地减少钢轨轮缘的摩擦磨损,并起到一定的修复磨损作用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
兼具润滑与减磨功能的固体润滑材料,含有基材、层状硅酸盐粉体及辅料,基材为环氧树脂或橡胶,硅酸盐粉体的平均粒径在2um~20um间,粉体在固体润滑材料中所占比例为5wt%~35wt%。
作为优选,层状硅酸盐粉体为蛇纹石、高岭石、凹凸棒石、蒙脱石的一种或几种的搭配。
作为优选,基材为环氧值0.23~0.56的双酚A型环氧树脂,在固体润滑材料中含量为60wt%~80wt%,辅料为固化剂乙二胺、基础润滑油、硬脂酸钠或十二羟基硬脂酸、硅烷偶联剂,在固体润滑材料中含量分别3wt%~6wt%、1wt%~5wt%、1wt%~5wt%、0.25wt%~1.75wt%。
作为优选,基材为橡胶,在固体润滑材料中含量为40wt%~80wt%,辅料为ZnO、聚氯乙烯、基础润滑油、硅烷偶联剂、硫磺。在固体润滑材料中含量为5wt%~10wt%、不超过10wt%、5wt%~10wt%、0.25wt%~1.75 wt%、1wt%~2 wt%,硫化温度为150~210℃。
作为优选,ZnO替换为轻质碳酸钙或白炭黑。
作为优选,橡胶为三元乙丙胶、丁晴橡胶、丁苯橡胶中的一种。
作为优选,以环氧树脂或橡胶为基材的固体润滑材料加工成空心状,空心体积占总体积的25%,空心内浇筑层状硅酸盐粉体与固体石蜡的混合悬浊液,形成内软外硬二元结构固体润滑材料。
进一步的优选,将层状硅酸盐粉体与熔化后的固体石蜡充分混合,制成石蜡/层状硅酸盐粉体混合悬浊液,并浇满棒体空心,冷却后形成内软外硬二元结构固体润滑材料。
进一步的优选,固体石蜡为高熔点蜡,牌号在60以上,混合悬浊液中层状硅酸盐粉体含量为5wt%~15wt%。
兼具润滑与减磨功能的固体润滑材料的用途,其特征是,棒状固体润滑材料用于轨道交通机车车轮轮缘部位的润滑,用于提高轮缘表面抗磨能力。
本发明的优点在于:
1)固体润滑材料介入摩擦副间,在摩擦热与应力的作用下,不仅可以减少摩擦,还可以动态强化摩擦表面,提高轮缘表面抗磨能力。而且固体润滑材料自身与轮缘摩擦后的材料损失速率可调,介入到轮缘与铁轨间的棒材磨屑量可调。
2)固体润滑材料磨屑与轮缘具有良好的粘附性。尤其在机车高速运转过程中,可以与轮缘保持良好的粘附。
3)轮缘磨损率较小的机车可选用环氧树脂为基材的固体润滑材料,轮缘磨损率较大的机车可选用橡胶为基材的固体润滑材料,轮缘磨损率非常高的机车可选用二元结构的固体润滑材料。
本发明能够达到节能降耗、延长璇轮周期、减少安全隐患的效果,具有良好的经济效益与社会效益。
具体实施例
下面对本发明的具体内容进行进一步的说明,
实施例1
以橡胶作为基体的润滑材料的组成及成分:三元乙丙胶(60wt%)、工业润滑油(10wt%)、硫磺(1wt%)、硅烷偶联剂(wt1%)、轻质碳酸钙(8wt%)、平均粒径为3um的蛇纹石微粉(20wt%)。
制备过程,利用密炼机开炼三元乙丙胶(60wt%),在混炼阶段依次加入工业润滑油(10wt%)、硫磺(1wt%)、硅烷偶联剂(wt1%)、轻质碳酸钙(8wt%)、平均粒径为3um的蛇纹石微粉(20wt%)。混炼中各成分混合要充分,保证所有的液固态物质能够均匀分散在三元乙丙胶基体中。
将以上混炼完毕的橡胶复合体压入磨具进行平板硫化,硫化温度为160℃,时间约为60min。将硫化完毕的橡胶板裁制成尺寸约为30cm×4cm×2.5cm的橡胶棒,该棒体经打磨、精加工出插锥与插槽后即成为最终制品。
实施例2
以橡胶作为基体的润滑材料的组成及成分:丁苯橡胶(50wt%)、工业润滑油(5wt%)、聚氯乙烯(6.5wt%)、硫磺(2wt%)、硅烷偶联剂(wt1.5%)、ZnO(5wt%)、平均粒径为5um的高岭石微粉(10wt%)、平均粒径为10um的蛇纹石微粉(20wt%)。
制备过程,利用密炼机开炼丁苯橡胶(50wt%),在混炼阶段依次加入工业润滑油(5wt%)、聚氯乙烯(6.5wt%)、硫磺(2wt%)、硅烷偶联剂(wt1.5%)、ZnO(5wt%)、平均粒径为5um的高岭石微粉(10wt%)、平均粒径为10um的蛇纹石微粉(20wt%)。混炼中各成分混合要充分,保证所有的液固态物质能够均匀分散在橡胶基体中。将以上混炼完毕的橡胶复合体压入30cm×4cm×2.5cm磨具(含插锥与插槽)进行板硫化,硫化温度为150℃,时间约为60min。硫化成型脱模后即成为最终制品。
实施例3
以橡胶作为基体的润滑材料的组成及成分:丁晴橡胶(65wt%)、工业润滑油(5wt%)、硫磺(1wt%)、白炭黑(5wt%)、聚氯乙烯(5wt%)、蒙脱石微粉(5wt%)、凹凸棒石微粉(13wt%)、硅烷偶联剂(wt1%)。
制备过程,利用密炼机开炼丁晴橡胶(65wt%),在混炼阶段依次加入工业润滑油(5wt%)、硫磺(1wt%)、白炭黑(5wt%)、聚氯乙烯(5wt%),最后加入平均粒径为5um的蒙脱石微粉(5wt%)、平均粒径为2um的凹凸棒石微粉(13wt%)、硅烷偶联剂(wt1%)。混炼中各成分混合要充分,保证所有的液固态物质能够均匀分散在橡胶基体中。将以上混炼完毕的橡胶复合体压入30cm×4cm×2.5cm磨具(含插锥与插槽)进行板硫化,硫化温度为190℃,时间约为40min。硫化成型脱模后即成为最终制品。
实施例4
以环氧树脂作为基体的润滑材料的组成及成分:平均粒径5um蛇纹石粉体(15 wt %)、环氧树脂(75wt%)、基础润滑油(2wt%)、硬脂酸钠(3wt%),其余为乙二胺固化剂(5wt%)。
制备过程,以双酚A型环氧树脂(环氧值0.48-0.54)作为棒体基材,利用强力搅拌器将平均粒径为5um的蛇纹石粉体(15 wt %)、环氧树脂(75wt%)、基础润滑油(2wt%)、硬脂酸钠(3wt%)混合。混合后加入乙二胺固化剂(5wt%)继续搅拌,而后倒入平板模具中,进行室温固化。固化后脱模,制成30cm×4cm×2.5cm的棒体,该棒体经打磨、精加工出插锥与插槽后即成为最终制品。
实施例5
以环氧树脂或橡胶作为基体,加入石蜡制备的二元棒体润滑材料的制备过程:
将高熔点固体石蜡(牌号90)加热溶化,并混入平均粒径为15um蛇纹石微细粉体,形成石蜡/蛇纹石混合悬浊液,蛇纹石用量为10wt%。
利用加工手段与特殊模具,制备出具有空心结构的橡胶或环氧树脂棒体,空心体积占棒体的25%。
将石蜡/蛇纹石混合悬浊液灌入棒体的空心结构中,迅速冷却,即制备出具有外硬内软二元结构的固体润滑棒。
棒体在摩擦热的作用下,质软易熔的芯材率先熔化并在轮缘形成涂覆层,这样可避免轮轨的直接接触,有助于物质在轮与轨、轮与轮之间的转移,充分发挥石蜡的润滑作用与功能粉体的抗磨作用。
将上述各实施例的棒状固体润滑材料用于轨道交通机车车轮轮缘部位的润滑,在摩擦热与应力的作用下,不仅可以减少摩擦,还可动态强化摩擦表面,提高轮缘表面抗磨能力。
Claims (10)
1.一种兼具润滑与减磨功能的固体润滑材料,其特征是,含有基材、层状硅酸盐粉体及辅料,基材为环氧树脂或橡胶,硅酸盐粉体的平均粒径在2um~20um间,硅酸盐粉体在固体润滑材料中所占比例为5wt%~35wt%。
2.根据权利要求1所述兼具润滑与减磨功能的固体润滑材料,其特征是,层状硅酸盐粉体为蛇纹石、高岭石、凹凸棒石、蒙脱石的一种或几种的搭配。
3.根据权利要求1所述兼具润滑与减磨功能的固体润滑材料,其特征是,基材为环氧值0.23~0.56的双酚A型环氧树脂,在固体润滑材料中含量为60wt%~80wt%,辅料为固化剂乙二胺、基础润滑油、硬脂酸钠或十二羟基硬脂酸、硅烷偶联剂,辅料在固体润滑材料中含量分别3wt%~6wt%、1wt%~5wt%、1wt%~5wt%、0.25wt%~1.75wt%。
4.根据权利要求1所述兼具润滑与减磨功能的固体润滑材料,其特征是,基材为橡胶,在固体润滑材料中含量为40wt%~80wt%,辅料为ZnO、聚氯乙烯、基础润滑油、硅烷偶联剂、硫磺,各辅料在固体润滑材料中含量为5wt%~10wt%、0-10wt%、5wt%~10wt%、0.25wt%~1.75wt%、1wt%~2 wt%,硫化温度为150~210℃。
5.根据权利要求4所述兼具润滑与减磨功能的固体润滑材料,其特征是,ZnO替换为轻质碳酸钙或白炭黑。
6.根据权利要求4所述兼具润滑与减磨功能的固体润滑材料,其特征是,橡胶为三元乙丙胶、丁晴橡胶、丁苯橡胶中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述兼具润滑与减磨功能的固体润滑材料,其特征是,将以环氧树脂或橡胶为基材固体润滑材料加工成空心状,空心体积占总体积的25%,空心内浇筑层状硅酸盐粉体与固体石蜡的混合悬浊液,形成内软外硬二元结构固体润滑材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述兼具润滑与减磨功能的固体润滑材料,其特征是,将层状硅酸盐粉体与熔化后的固体石蜡充分混合,制成石蜡/层状硅酸盐粉体混合悬浊液,并浇满棒体空心,冷却后形成内软外硬二元结构固体润滑材料。
9.根据权利要求7所述兼具润滑与减磨功能的固体润滑材料,其特征是,固体石蜡为高熔点蜡,牌号在60以上,混合悬浊液中层状硅酸盐粉体含量为5wt%~15wt%。
10.一种权利要求3或4或6所述的兼具润滑与减磨功能的固体润滑材料的用途,其特征是,固体润滑材料用于轨道交通机车车轮轮缘部位的润滑,用于提高轮缘表面抗磨能力。
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