CN111607154A - 一种聚集诱导发光阻燃转光膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种聚集诱导发光阻燃转光膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种聚集诱导发光阻燃EVA转光膜及其制备方法。包括如下步骤:磷系阻燃剂、交联剂、抗滴落剂和聚集诱导发光剂经干燥后按一定的配比与EVA预混合后,炼塑机双辊开炼混合,混合温度为冷辊室温,混合时间为3~5min,挤出造粒后,冷却切粒、烘干,在将混合好的料在平板硫化仪上模压成型。本发明制备的EVA转光膜透光率可以达到92.9%,UL‑94测试等级可达V‑0级,极限氧指数可以达到35.5%,薄膜的拉伸强度达32MPa,燃烧测试过程中几乎无滴落现象。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于阻燃高分子材料领域,具体涉及一种聚集诱导发光阻燃抗滴落EVA转光膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
转光膜是一类可以转换光波波长的功能性薄膜,可以显著提高光能的利用效率。在目前资源和环境问题日益突出的情况下,如何开发利用太阳能,更好的提高太阳能的转化效率,是广大科研工作者关心的问题,也符合可持续发展的战略。
乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物即EVA(ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer)分子式是(C2H4)n.(C4H6O2)m具有透光率高,熔融温度低,熔体流动性好等优点,常被用作转光膜的基材。但是,EVA本身极易燃烧,其极限氧指数只有18%左右,并且由于EVA结构是线性的,含有大量脂肪族结构,导致EVA在高温时熔融黏度低,成炭能力弱,熔点大都在90℃以下,分解温度却在230℃以上,因此极易燃烧并且产生严重的滴落,引起二次燃烧会产生较大的环境污染和财产损失。
EVA在燃烧过程中,因为不能完全燃烧而出现氧化后加热熔融滴落的现象,大大提高了阻燃剂的使用量,而过多的阻燃剂的使用会降低材料的综合性能。如何解决EVA燃烧时熔融滴落的问题,减少阻燃剂的使用量,一直是广大科研和实践工作者关心的问题。
比较常见的抗滴落方法是添加聚四氟乙烯(PTFE),其易纤维化从而起到抗滴落的作用。靳昕怡等(纺织学报,2018,v.39;No.389(08):20-26.)针对磷系阻燃聚酯存在耐熔滴差的问题,采用自制膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)与聚四氟乙烯以不同的质量比配制成复合抑熔滴剂,将其与含磷阻燃聚酯(FRPET)切片通过熔融共混的方法制备阻燃抑熔滴聚酯共混物,1min内的熔滴数从46滴减少到21滴,700℃时的残炭量相对增加了68.8%。
转光膜的转光功能是通过把转光剂加入到薄膜中来实现的,常见的转光剂有稀土发光材料、荧光染料等,但传统的荧光发色团在高浓度下发生猝灭,而近二十年发展起来的聚集诱导荧光发射(AIE)材料,在聚集的情况下,反而发出较大的荧光。
本发明阻燃抗滴落EVA转光膜,在保证EVA转光膜透光率的前提下,优选聚集诱导发射转光剂、阻燃剂、抗滴落剂和交联剂,制备EVA转光膜。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高转光率、环境友好、抗滴落、阻燃效果好、高透光率EVA转光膜的制备方法。
用炼塑机将上述提到的EVA、转光剂、阻燃剂、抗滴落剂和交联剂按比例双辊开炼混合,将混合好的料用平板硫化机模压成型,裁切得到所需规格的样条。
本发明所采用的技术方案具体步骤如下。
1)EVA、磷系阻燃剂、转光剂、抗滴落剂和交联剂按比例采用炼塑机双辊开炼混合,混合温度为冷辊室温,混合时间为3~5min,挤出造粒后,冷却切粒、烘干。将混合好的料在平板硫化仪上模压成型,得到测试所需规格的样条。
在上述制备工艺中,所述EVA的是VA含量为1~15wt%的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯的共聚物。
在上述制备工艺中,所述磷系阻燃剂为磷酸三甲苯酯(TCP)、磷酸甲苯二苯酯(CDP)、异丙基化磷酸三苯酯(IPPP)、双酚A双(二苯基磷酸酯)(BDP)和磷酸三苯酯(TPP)等中的一种:
在上述制备工艺中,所述转光剂为聚集诱导发光剂四苯基乙烯(TPE),三苯基丙烯酰腈(TPA)中的一种。
在上述制备工艺中,所述抗滴落剂为聚四氟乙烯、硼酸锌中的一种。
在上述制备工艺中,所述交联剂为过氧化二异丙苯(DCP),2,5-二甲基-2,5-双-(叔丁基过氧化)己烷(DTBP)中的一种。
在上述制备工艺中,转光膜基材、阻燃剂、抗滴落剂、交联剂和转光剂的质量比=92~97∶1~5∶0~2∶0~5∶0.5~5。
在上述制备工艺中,选用合适的模具,把混合材料样品倒入模具中,当平板硫化机温度上升到150~200℃时,将模具放入平板硫化机,8~20MPa下,热压400~600s,之后冷压300~500s,制成试样薄片。用标准尺寸裁刀在气动切片机上将薄片切成测试所需的样条,以待测试各项性能时使用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明通过添加交联剂和抗滴落剂,减少传统阻燃剂的用量,达到抗熔滴和阻燃的双重目的,并且保证薄膜的透光率达90%。本发明改善了EVA的阻燃性能,提供了一种环境友好、阻燃效果好、高透光率EVA转光膜的制备方法。
附图说明
图1各实施例聚集诱导发射转光薄膜的极限氧指数和透光率。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作详细说明。
实施例一
将EVA(9.2g)、磷系阻燃剂TCP(0.5g)和转光剂TPE(0.3g)采用炼塑机双辊开炼混合,混合温度为冷辊室温,混合时间为3min。按照相关标准选用合适的模具,把混合材料样品倒入模具中,当平板硫化机温度上升到150℃时,将模具放入平板硫化机,13MPa下,热压400s,之后冷压300s,制成试样薄片。用标准尺寸裁刀在气动切片机上将薄片切成测试所需的样条,以待测试各项性能时使用。
实施例二
将EVA(9.2g)、磷系阻燃剂CDP(0.1g)、抗滴落剂PTFE(0.1g)、交联剂DCP(0.1g)和转光剂TPA(0.5g)采用炼塑机双辊开炼混合,混合温度为冷辊室温,混合时间为3.5min。按照相关标准选用合适的模具,把混合材料样品倒入模具中,当平板硫化机温度上升到160℃时,将模具放入平板硫化机,15MPa下,热压450s,之后冷压350s,制成试样薄片。用标准尺寸裁刀在气动切片机上将薄片切成测试所需的样条,以待测试各项性能时使用。
实施例三
将EVA(9.4g)、磷系阻燃剂IPPP(0.2g)、抗滴落剂PTFE(0.15g)、交联剂DTBP(0.2g)和转光剂TPA(0.05g)采用炼塑机双辊开炼混合,混合温度为冷辊室温,混合时间为4min。按照相关标准选用合适的模具,把混合材料样品倒入模具中,当平板硫化机温度上升到170℃时,将模具放入平板硫化机,8MPa下,热压500s,之后冷压400s,制成试样薄片。用标准尺寸裁刀在气动切片机上将薄片切成测试所需的样条,以待测试各项性能时使用。
实施例四
将EVA(9.3g)、磷系阻燃剂BDP(0.2g)、抗滴落剂硼酸锌(0.1g)和转光剂TPE(0.4g)采用炼塑机双辊开炼混合,混合温度为冷辊室温,混合时间为4.5min。按照相关标准选用合适的模具,把混合材料样品倒入模具中,当平板硫化机温度上升到180℃时,将模具放入平板硫化机,13MPa下,热压550s,之后冷压450s,制成试样薄片。用标准尺寸裁刀在气动切片机上将薄片切成测试所需的样条,以待测试各项性能时使用。
实施例五
将EVA(9.7g)、磷系阻燃剂TPP(0.1g)、抗滴落剂硼酸锌(0.1g)和转光剂TPA(0.1g)采用炼塑机双辊开炼混合,混合温度为冷辊室温,混合时间为5min。按照相关标准选用合适的模具,把混合材料样品倒入模具中,当平板硫化机温度上升到160℃时,将模具放入平板硫化机,20MPa下,热压600s,之后冷压500s,制成试样薄片。用标准尺寸裁刀在气动切片机上将薄片切成测试所需的样条,以待测试各项性能时使用。
实施例六
将EVA(9.4g)、磷系阻燃剂TCP(0.2g)、抗滴落剂PTFE(0.1g)、交联剂DTBP(0.1g)和转光剂TPE(0.2g)采用炼塑机双辊开炼混合,混合温度为冷辊室温,混合时间为4min。按照相关标准选用合适的模具,把混合材料样品倒入模具中,当平板硫化机温度上升到200℃时,将模具放入平板硫化机,12MPa下,热压400s,之后冷压300s,制成试样薄片。用标准尺寸裁刀在气动切片机上将薄片切成测试所需的样条,以待测试各项性能时使用。
测试方法
1.极限氧指数测试
按照ASTM D2863-09标准,用南京上元分析仪器有限公司的HC-2CZ氧指数测定仪对样条进行测试,将固定规格的样条放置于夹具上在不同氧浓度的条件下点燃,测量支持样条燃烧的最低氧浓度,氧气和氮气混合气体的流速为10L/min。
2.垂直燃烧试验
采用南京市江宁区分析仪器厂CZF-6型水平垂直燃烧测定仪,通过UL-94垂直燃烧实验测试制备好的EVA样条的阻燃性能,垂直燃烧测试(UL-94)是在垂直悬挂在棉絮上方(用于识别滴落物)的测试样本上进行的,根据美国国家标准UL-94-2006进行定义。
3.透光率测试
选用紫外-可见分光光度计UV3600,把空气作为背景,将EVA胶膜贴于通光口上,遮住光路,测试材料在200~700nm光区内的透光率。
4.荧光性能测试
测试仪器为紫外-荧光分光光度计Varian,把裁剪好的样片贴于样品台上,在300~500nm紫外光区测试激发光谱,寻找最大激发峰的波长λex,再在λex波长激发下测定发射光谱,找出最大发射峰位置λem。
5.薄膜拉伸性能测定
参照国际标准ISO1184-1983《塑料薄膜拉伸性能的测定》,薄膜厚度0.2mm。
附表1 复合材料的性能测试数据
实施例一 | 实施例二 | 实施例三 | 实施例四 | 实施例五 | 实施例六 | |
氧指数LOI/% | 22.5 | 35.5 | 28.6 | 31.4 | 27.8 | 31.6 |
UL-94 | V-2 | V-0 | V-0 | V-0 | V-1 | V-0 |
是否存在熔滴 | 是 | 否 | 否 | 否 | 否 | 否 |
透光率/% | 90.2 | 90.1 | 92.5 | 90.4 | 91.9 | 91.5 |
荧光强度(%) | 90.3 | 100 | 73.6 | 95.7 | 82.5 | 85.2 |
拉伸强度/Mp | 24.1 | 32.2 | 30.5 | 28.4 | 24.3 | 30.3 |
Claims (8)
1.一种聚集诱导发光阻燃转光膜及其制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将转光薄膜基材、磷系阻燃剂、抗滴落剂、交联剂和转光剂按比例采用炼塑机双辊开炼混合,混合温度为冷辊室温,混合时间为3~5min,挤出造粒后,冷却切粒、烘干,将混合好的料在平板硫化仪上模压成型,裁切出测试所需规格的样条。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,转光薄膜的基材为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA),VA的含量为1~15wt%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的磷系阻燃剂为磷酸三甲苯酯(TCP)、磷酸甲苯二苯酯(CDP)、异丙基化磷酸三苯酯(IPPP)、双酚A双(二苯基磷酸酯)(BDP)和磷酸三苯酯(TPP)等中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,抗滴落剂为聚四氟乙烯、硼酸锌中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,交联剂为过氧化二异丙苯(DCP),2,5-二甲基-2,5-双-(叔丁基过氧化)己烷(DTBP)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,转光剂为聚集诱导发光剂四苯基乙烯(TPE),三苯基丙烯酰腈(TPA)中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种掺稀土有机配合物阻燃抗滴落转光膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)将转光膜基材、磷系阻燃剂和转光剂按比例采用炼塑机双辊开炼混合,混合温度为冷辊室温,混合时间为3~5min。
2)按照相关标准选用合适的模具,把混合材料样品倒入模具中,当平板硫化机温度上升到100~200℃时,将模具放入平板硫化机,8~20MPa下,热压400~600s,之后冷压300~500s,制成试样薄片。用标准尺寸裁刀在气动切片机上将薄片切成测试所需的样条,以待测试各项性能时使用。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在上述反应中,转光膜基材、阻燃剂、抗滴落剂、交联剂和转光剂的质量比=92~97∶1~5∶0~2∶0~5∶0.5~5。
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