CN111604558A - Low-cost, self-activating method for welding ceramics and application thereof - Google Patents
Low-cost, self-activating method for welding ceramics and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111604558A CN111604558A CN201910138775.8A CN201910138775A CN111604558A CN 111604558 A CN111604558 A CN 111604558A CN 201910138775 A CN201910138775 A CN 201910138775A CN 111604558 A CN111604558 A CN 111604558A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/06—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering making use of vibrations, e.g. supersonic vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/19—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/206—Cleaning
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for self-activating welding of ceramics with low cost and application thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the middle layer is clamped between 2 ceramics to be welded to form a sandwich structure, the sandwich structure is heated by an external heating source, an ultrasonic head of an ultrasonic device is pressed on 1 ceramic to be welded to apply pressure towards the other 1 ceramic to be welded and the ultrasonic device is subjected to ultrasonic treatment until a welding seam is formed, the ultrasonic device is closed and the heating of the external heating source is stopped, the ultrasonic head of the ultrasonic device is removed from the ceramic to be welded after the sandwich structure is cooled to the room temperature of 20-25 ℃, the welding of the ceramics is completed, the multi-element brazing filler metal is designed into a structure of a multi-layer metal foil as the middle layer, the metal foil is easy to prepare and low in cost, due to the action of ultrasonic wave, the brazing filler metal can be instantly melted to generate interface reaction, the heat preservation time is obviously shortened, and the welding can be finished under the action of normal atmosphere, so that the welding efficiency is improved, the performance of a welding joint is improved, and the welding strength is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material welding and connection, and particularly relates to a method for welding ceramic in a low-cost and self-activating manner and application thereof.
Background
The ceramic material has many excellent properties such as high temperature resistance, wear resistance, high strength and the like, and has important application in the fields of spaceflight, machinery, energy and the like. However, ceramic materials have low plasticity, poor toughness and poor impact resistance, and are difficult to machine and form for ceramic parts having large sizes and complicated shapes, so that it is necessary to study interconnection techniques between ceramics to prepare complicated ceramic structures. Brazing has its unique advantages in joining ceramic materials because the parent metal does not melt during brazing. This makes brazing and diffusion brazing the most common joining methods in ceramic joining, most likely to be industrialized on a large scale.
Active brazing, also known as direct brazing, is a relatively common ceramic welding method. The experimental results of the ceramic welding when the multi-element brazing filler metal containing the active elements is adopted show that: the active solder can realize chemical metallurgical bonding of active elements and base metal and realize reaction wetting. At present, binary system solders represented by Hf-Ag, Zr-Ag, Ag-V, Au-Ni, Au-Cu and Cu-Zr, or ternary system solders represented by Ag-Cu-Ti, Ag-Cu-Hf, Ag-Ni-V, Cu-Pd-Ti and Au-Ni-V, Ni-Cr-Si, in which active elements such as Ti, V, Zr, Cr and Hf are added to eutectic solders, or multi-component system solders represented by Au base, Co base and Pd base, such as Cu-Pd-Ti-Zn and Au-Pd-Co-Ni-V, are mainly used for welding oxide ceramics, such as Al2O3、SiO2、ZrO2Etc. nitride ceramics, e.g. Si3N4AlN, etc., carbide ceramics, such as SiC, etc., boride ceramics, such as ZrB2Etc., and ceramic matrix composites, such as CfSiC ceramic matrix composite, Ti (C, N) -Al2O3Ceramic matrix composites, and the like.
However, there are three major problems encountered when welding ceramics by active brazing: many ceramic connection structural members need to be used at high temperature, so a connection joint with higher high temperature resistance is needed, but if the temperature is too high in the brazing process, too much brittle intermetallic compounds are formed near an interface, so that the welded joint is easy to brittle, and for ceramic matrix composite materials, reinforcements are usually fibers and whiskers, which can cause performance reduction under high temperature conditions, and the welding temperature conditions are very harsh; in the brazing process, because active elements in the multi-element brazing filler metal are active in chemical property, in order to avoid chemical reaction with oxygen at high temperature, the active brazing of ceramics must be carried out in vacuum or under the protection of inert gas; the common active brazing filler metal elements such as Ti, Zr, Hf, Cr, V and the like are high in activity, so that the brazing filler metal containing the active elements is difficult to prepare and form according to the traditional alloy preparation process, and therefore the brazing filler metal required by active brazing is complex in process and relatively high in cost. In addition, the problems of low wetting degree of the brazing filler metal on the surface of the ceramic base metal, difficult control of the welding process, overlong welding time and the like exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a low-cost and self-activating method for welding ceramics, and aiming at the ceramics to be welded and the intermediate layer (brazing filler metal) in the technical scheme of the invention, the method not only can be carried out in an atmospheric environment, but also has the effects of improving the strength of a welding joint and shortening the welding time.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a welded joint obtained by the above method.
It is another object of the present invention to provide the use of the above method for reducing the time to form a weld.
It is another object of the present invention to provide the use of the above method for improving the shear strength of a welded joint.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A low cost, self-activating method for welding ceramics, comprising the steps of:
in the step 1, oil impurities and an oxide film on the surface of the ceramic to be welded are removed by using sand paper.
In the step 1, the ceramics to be welded and the intermediate layer are cleaned with acetone or alcohol.
In the step 2, the pressure born by the middle layer is 0.1-0.25 MPa, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20-25 kHz, and the amplitude of the ultrasonic wave is 6-10 mu m.
In step 2, the welding of the ceramic is performed in an air environment.
In step 2, the ceramic is welded at a standard atmospheric pressure.
In the above technical scheme, the ceramic to be welded is made of Al2O3、ZrO2、SiC、Si3N4Or AlN.
In the above technical solution, the number of the metal foils in the intermediate layer is 3.
In the technical scheme, the 3 layers of metal foils in the middle layer are sequentially made of Ti, Ag-Cu and Ti, and the heating temperature is 800 +/-10 ℃.
In the technical scheme, the first layer of metal foil of the middle layer is made of Ti, and the thickness of the first layer of metal foil is 0.02 mm;
the material of the second layer of metal foil of the middle layer is Ag-Cu, and the thickness is 0.03 mm;
the material of the middle layer and the third layer of metal foil is Ti, and the thickness is 0.02 mm.
In the above technical scheme, the material of the ceramic to be welded is Al2O3。
In the technical scheme, the materials of the 3 layers of metal foils in the middle layer are Hf, Ag-Cu and Hf in sequence, and the heating temperature is 900 +/-10 ℃.
In the technical scheme, the material of the first metal foil layer of the middle layer is Hf, and the thickness is 0.04 mm;
the material of the second layer of metal foil of the middle layer is Ag-Cu, and the thickness is 0.03 mm;
the middle layer and the third layer of metal foil are made of Hf and have the thickness of 0.04 mm.
In the above technical scheme, the material of the ceramic to be welded is ZrO2。
In the technical scheme, the 3 layers of metal foils in the middle layer are made of Al, AgCuTi and Al in sequence, and the heating temperature is 700 +/-10 ℃.
In the technical scheme, the first layer of metal foil of the middle layer is made of Al and has the thickness of 0.01 mm;
the material of the second metal foil layer of the middle layer is AgCuTi, and the thickness is 0.02 mm;
the material of the third layer of metal foil in the middle layer is Al, and the thickness is 0.01 mm.
In the technical scheme, the ceramic to be welded is made of SiC.
In the technical scheme, the 3 layers of metal foils in the middle layer are made of V, Au-Cu and V in sequence, and the heating temperature is 920 +/-10 ℃.
In the technical scheme, the first layer of metal foil of the middle layer is made of V, and the thickness of the first layer of metal foil is 0.1 mm;
the material of the second layer of metal foil of the middle layer is Au-Cu, and the thickness is 0.05 mm;
the material of the third layer of metal foil in the middle layer is V, and the thickness is 0.1 mm.
In the above technical scheme, the material of the ceramic to be welded is Si3N4。
In the technical scheme, the 3 layers of metal foils in the middle layer are sequentially made of Pd-Ti, Cu and Pd-Ti, and the heating temperature is 800 +/-10 ℃.
In the technical scheme, the first layer of metal foil of the middle layer is made of Pd-Ti and has the thickness of 0.03 mm;
the material of the second layer of metal foil of the middle layer is Cu, and the thickness is 0.02 mm;
the middle layer and the third layer of metal foil are made of Pd-Ti and have the thickness of 0.03 mm.
In the above technical scheme, the material of the ceramic to be welded is Al2O3。
In the technical scheme, the 3 layers of metal foils in the middle layer are sequentially made of Pd-V, Au-Cu and Pd-V, and the heating temperature is 820 +/-10 ℃.
In the technical scheme, the first layer of metal foil of the middle layer is made of Pd-V and has the thickness of 0.03 mm;
the material of the second layer of metal foil of the middle layer is Au-Cu, and the thickness is 0.1 mm;
the middle layer and the third layer of metal foil are made of Pd-V and have the thickness of 0.03 mm.
In the above technical solution, the material of the ceramic to be welded is AlN.
In the technical scheme, the 3 layers of metal foils in the middle layer are sequentially made of Ti, Ni-Cu and Ti, and the heating temperature is 850 +/-10 ℃.
In the technical scheme, the first layer of metal foil of the middle layer is made of Ti and has the thickness of 0.01 mm;
the material of the second layer of metal foil of the middle layer is Ni-Cu, and the thickness is 0.04 mm;
the material of the third layer of metal foil of the middle layer is Ti, and the thickness is 0.01 mm.
In the above technical scheme, the material of the ceramic to be welded is ZrO2。
In the above technical solution, the external heating source is a heat induction coil, a heating furnace, an electric arc, a laser, an electron beam, heat conduction or heat radiation.
In the technical scheme, the thickness of the metal foil is 0.01-5 mm.
In the technical scheme, the thickness of the first layer of metal foil in the middle layer is 0.01-0.1 mm, the thickness of the second layer of metal foil in the middle layer is 0.02-0.1 mm, and the thickness of the third layer of metal foil in the middle layer is 0.01-0.1 mm.
A welded joint obtained by the above method.
The method is applied to shorten the time for forming the welding seam.
In the technical scheme, the time for forming the welding seam is 20-35 s.
The application of the method in improving the shear strength of the welded joint.
In the technical scheme, the shear strength of the welding joint is 191-241 MPa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the structure that designs into multilayer metal foil with many brazing filler metals is as the intermediate level, and the metal foil is not only easy preparation and with low costs, because the effect of ultrasonic wave for the brazing filler metal can melt in the twinkling of an eye and take place the interfacial reaction, obviously shortens the heat preservation time, and just can accomplish the welding under normal atmospheric action, has improved welding efficiency greatly, has improved the welded joint performance, makes welding strength show the promotion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention during welding;
FIG. 2 shows "Al2O3ceramic/Ti/Ag-28 Cu/Ti/Al2O3Ceramic metallographic structure diagram;
wherein, 1 is a heating source, 2 is a ceramic to be welded, 3 is an ultrasonic head, and 4 is an intermediate layer.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining specific examples.
In the following examples, the drying operation was: and drying the cleaned parent metal and the intermediate layer by using a blower, and storing the dried parent metal and the intermediate layer in a drying dish for later use.
The operation of cleaning the ceramic to be welded and the intermediate layer is as follows: cleaning with acetone or alcohol in ultrasonic cleaning machine for 15 min.
Heating the sandwich structure by an external heating source: and heating the second ceramic to be welded by an external heating source.
The mechanical property of the joint is measured by a universal electronic testing machine (testing machine Co., Ltd. of the Minam), namely WDW-D100E III, and the shear strength is measured at a constant speed of 0.5 mm/min.
Example 1
A low cost, self-activating method for welding ceramics, comprising the steps of:
and 2, sandwiching the middle layer between 2 to-be-welded ceramics to form a sandwich structure, namely forming a first to-be-welded ceramic/the middle layer/a second to-be-welded ceramic, heating the sandwich structure by using a muffle furnace (heating furnace) as a heating source in an air environment (one standard atmospheric pressure), heating the sandwich structure by using an external heating source, simultaneously pressing an ultrasonic head of an ultrasonic device on the first to-be-welded ceramic to apply pressure towards the second to-be-welded ceramic, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the ultrasonic device until a welding line is formed, melting a ceramic base metal to form a transient liquid phase, mutually diffusing the transient liquid phase to generate a metallurgical reaction, and cooling to form a composite welding line structure. After a welding line is formed, closing the ultrasonic device and stopping heating of the external heating source, removing an ultrasonic head of the ultrasonic device from a first ceramic to be welded after the sandwich structure is cooled to the room temperature of 20-25 ℃ to complete welding of the ceramic, wherein when the ultrasonic head presses the first ceramic to be welded and applies pressure to the second ceramic to be welded, the pressure born by the middle layer is 0.2 MPa; the frequency of the ultrasonic wave was 20kHz, and the amplitude of the ultrasonic wave was 6 μm. The schematic diagram of the structure of the method in welding is shown in fig. 1, wherein 1 is a heating source, 2 is a ceramic to be welded, 3 is an ultrasonic head, and 4 is an intermediate layer.
The first ceramic to be welded is made of Al2O3The second ceramic to be welded is made of Al2O3。
The first metal foil layer of the middle layer is made of Ti and has the thickness of 0.02 mm.
The material of the second layer of metal foil of the middle layer is Ag-28Cu, and the thickness is 0.03 mm.
The material of the middle layer and the third layer of metal foil is Ti, and the thickness is 0.02 mm.
The heating temperature was 810 ℃.
The time to form the weld was 30 s.
The metallographic structure is shown in figure 2, and through the joint mechanical property test, the 'Al' is2O3ceramic/Ti/Ag-28 Cu/Ti/Al2O3The mechanical property of the ceramic welding structure reaches 223 MPa.
Example 2
A low cost, self-activating method for welding ceramics, comprising the steps of:
and 2, sandwiching the middle layer between 2 to-be-welded ceramics to form a sandwich structure, namely forming a first to-be-welded ceramic/the middle layer/a second to-be-welded ceramic, heating the first to-be-welded ceramic/the middle layer/the second to-be-welded ceramic in an air environment (one standard atmospheric pressure) by using a heating source muffle furnace (heating furnace), heating the sandwich structure by using an external heating source, simultaneously pressing an ultrasonic head of an ultrasonic device on the first to-be-welded ceramic to apply pressure towards the second to-be-welded ceramic, enabling the ultrasonic device to perform ultrasonic treatment until a welding line is formed, melting a ceramic base metal to form an instant liquid phase, mutually diffusing the instant liquid phase to generate a metallurgical. After a welding line is formed, closing the ultrasonic device and stopping heating of the external heating source, removing an ultrasonic head of the ultrasonic device from a first ceramic to be welded after the sandwich structure is cooled to the room temperature of 20-25 ℃ to complete welding of the ceramic, wherein when the ultrasonic head presses the first ceramic to be welded and applies pressure to the second ceramic to be welded, the pressure born by the middle layer is 0.25 MPa; the frequency of the ultrasonic wave was 20kHz, and the amplitude of the ultrasonic wave was 8 μm.
The first ceramic to be welded is ZrO2The second ceramic to be welded is made of ZrO2。
The material of the first metal foil layer of the middle layer is Hf, and the thickness is 0.04 mm.
The material of the second layer of metal foil of the middle layer is Ag-28Cu, and the thickness is 0.03 mm.
The middle layer and the third layer of metal foil are made of Hf and have the thickness of 0.04 mm.
The heating temperature was 910 ℃.
The time to form the weld was 20 s.
Through joint mechanical property test,' ZrO2ceramic/Hf/Ag-28 Cu/Hf/ZrO2The mechanical property of the ceramic welding structure reaches 241 MPa.
Example 3
A low cost, self-activating method for welding ceramics, comprising the steps of:
and 2, sandwiching the middle layer between 2 to-be-welded ceramics to form a sandwich structure, namely forming a first to-be-welded ceramic/the middle layer/a second to-be-welded ceramic, heating the sandwich structure by using an external heating source in an air environment (one standard atmospheric pressure), pressing an ultrasonic head of an ultrasonic device on the first to-be-welded ceramic to apply pressure towards the second to-be-welded ceramic, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the ultrasonic device until a welding line is formed, melting a ceramic base material to form a transient liquid phase, mutually diffusing the transient liquid phase to generate a metallurgical reaction, and cooling to form a composite welding line structure. After a welding line is formed, closing the ultrasonic device and stopping heating of the external heating source, removing an ultrasonic head of the ultrasonic device from a first ceramic to be welded after the sandwich structure is cooled to the room temperature of 20-25 ℃ to complete welding of the ceramic, wherein when the ultrasonic head presses the first ceramic to be welded and applies pressure to the second ceramic to be welded, the pressure born by the middle layer is 0.1 MPa; the frequency of ultrasonic waves of the ultrasonic waves was 25kHz, and the amplitude of the ultrasonic waves was 10 μm.
The first ceramic to be welded is made of SiC, and the second ceramic to be welded is made of SiC.
The material Al of the first metal foil layer of the middle layer is 0.01mm in thickness.
The material of the middle layer second layer metal foil is Ag36Cu5Ti, and the thickness is 0.02 mm.
The material of the third layer of metal foil in the middle layer is Al, and the thickness is 0.01 mm.
The heating temperature was 710 ℃.
The time for forming the weld was 25s
Through joint mechanical property tests, the mechanical property of the welding structure of SiC ceramic/Al/Ag 36Cu5Ti/Al/SiC ceramic reaches 191 MPa.
Example 4
A low cost, self-activating method for welding ceramics, comprising the steps of:
and 2, sandwiching the middle layer between 2 to-be-welded ceramics to form a sandwich structure, namely forming a first to-be-welded ceramic/the middle layer/a second to-be-welded ceramic, heating the sandwich structure by using an external heating source in an air environment (one standard atmospheric pressure), pressing an ultrasonic head of an ultrasonic device on the first to-be-welded ceramic to apply pressure towards the second to-be-welded ceramic, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the ultrasonic device until a welding line is formed, melting a ceramic base material to form a transient liquid phase, mutually diffusing the transient liquid phase to generate a metallurgical reaction, and cooling to form a composite welding line structure. After a welding line is formed, closing the ultrasonic device and stopping heating of the external heating source, removing an ultrasonic head of the ultrasonic device from a first ceramic to be welded after the sandwich structure is cooled to the room temperature of 20-25 ℃ to complete welding of the ceramic, wherein when the ultrasonic head presses the first ceramic to be welded and applies pressure to the second ceramic to be welded, the pressure born by the middle layer is 0.15 MPa; the frequency of ultrasonic waves of the ultrasonic waves was 25kHz, and the amplitude of the ultrasonic waves was 8 μm.
The first ceramic to be welded is made of Si3N4The second ceramic to be welded is made of Si3N4。
The material of the first metal foil layer of the middle layer is V, and the thickness is 0.1 mm.
The material of the second layer of metal foil of the middle layer is Au-20Cu, and the thickness is 0.05 mm.
The material of the third layer of metal foil in the middle layer is V, and the thickness is 0.1 mm.
The heating temperature was 920 ℃.
The time to form the weld was 35 s.
Through the test of joint mechanical property,' Si3N4ceramic/V/Au-20 Cu/V/Si3N4The mechanical property of the ceramic welding structure reaches 227 MPa.
Example 5
A low cost, self-activating method for welding ceramics, the steps being substantially the same as in example 1, except that:
when the ultrasonic head presses on the first ceramic to be welded to apply pressure towards the second ceramic to be welded, the pressure born by the middle layer is 0.1 MPa; the frequency of ultrasonic waves of the ultrasonic waves was 25kHz, and the amplitude of the ultrasonic waves was 8 μm.
The first ceramic to be welded is made of Al2O3The second ceramic to be welded is made of Al2O3。
The first metal foil layer of the middle layer is made of Pd-25Ti and has a thickness of 0.03 mm.
The material of the second layer of metal foil of the middle layer is Cu, and the thickness is 0.02 mm.
The middle layer and the third layer of metal foil are made of Pd-25Ti and have the thickness of 0.03 mm.
The heating temperature was 805 ℃.
The time to form the weld was 15 s.
Through the test of joint mechanical property, "Al2O3ceramic/Pd-25 Ti/Cu/Pd-25Ti/Al2O3The mechanical property of the ceramic welding structure reaches 231 MPa.
Example 6
A low cost, self-activating method for welding ceramics, the steps being substantially the same as in example 1, except that:
when the ultrasonic head presses on the first ceramic to be welded to apply pressure towards the second ceramic to be welded, the pressure born by the middle layer is 0.15 MPa; the frequency of the ultrasonic wave was 20kHz, and the amplitude of the ultrasonic wave was 6 μm.
The first ceramic to be welded is ZrO2The second ceramic to be welded is made of ZrO2。
The first metal foil layer of the middle layer is made of Ti and has a thickness of 0.01 mm.
The material of the middle layer second layer metal foil is Ni-9Cu, and the thickness is 0.04 mm.
The material of the third layer of metal foil of the middle layer is Ti, and the thickness is 0.01 mm.
The heating temperature was 855 ℃.
The time to form the weld was 30 s.
Through joint mechanical property test,' ZrO2ceramic/Ti/Ni-9 Cu/Ti/ZrO2The mechanical property of the ceramic welding structure reaches 229 MPa.
Example 7
A low cost, self-activating method for welding ceramics, the steps being substantially the same as in example 1, except that:
when the ultrasonic head presses on the first ceramic to be welded to apply pressure towards the second ceramic to be welded, the pressure born by the middle layer is 0.2 MPa; the frequency of ultrasonic waves of the ultrasonic waves was 25kHz, and the amplitude of the ultrasonic waves was 10 μm.
The first ceramic to be welded is made of AlN, and the second ceramic to be welded is made of AlN.
The first metal foil layer of the middle layer is made of Pd-6V and has a thickness of 0.03 mm.
The material of the second layer of metal foil of the middle layer is Au-20Cu, and the thickness is 0.1 mm.
The middle layer and the third layer of metal foil are made of Pd-6V and have the thickness of 0.03 mm.
The heating temperature was 830 ℃.
The time to form the weld was 25 s.
Through joint mechanical property tests, the mechanical property of the AlN ceramic/Pd-6V/Au-20 Cu/Pd-6V/AlN ceramic welding structure reaches 235 MPa.
In the brazing process, new energy is added for interface reaction by introducing ultrasonic waves, the brazing temperature can be effectively reduced, namely the heating temperature of an external heating source is far lower than the melting point of the ceramic to be welded, and therefore the low-temperature welding and high-temperature use of the ceramic is realized.
The ultrasonic cavitation can quickly destroy the oxide film of the contact interface of the active metal foil on the two sides of the middle layer and the oxide ceramic, the wettability of the multilayer brazing filler metal is increased, the oxide ceramic is really contacted with the multilayer brazing filler metal, the oxide ceramic and the multilayer brazing filler metal are mutually diffused after liquid phase is generated, and metallurgical reaction is carried out to form a weld joint structure.
The sound flow stirring effect can homogenize and refine weld joint tissues, so that the formed weld joint has better mechanical property, meanwhile, the welding problems of poor ceramic plastic toughness and easy embrittlement of the weld joint are avoided, and the stable and reliable welding of ceramics is realized.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that any simple variations, modifications or other equivalent changes which can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A low cost, self-activating method for welding ceramics, comprising the steps of:
step 1, removing oil impurities and oxide films on the surfaces of 2 ceramics to be welded, polishing the welding surfaces of the 2 ceramics to be welded, cleaning the ceramics to be welded and an intermediate layer, and drying, wherein the intermediate layer is formed by stacking a plurality of layers of metal foils along the thickness direction of the metal foils;
step 2, clamping the middle layer between the 2 to-be-welded ceramics to form a sandwich structure, heating the sandwich structure by using an external heating source, pressing an ultrasonic head of an ultrasonic device on the 1 to-be-welded ceramics to apply pressure towards the other 1 to-be-welded ceramics, performing ultrasonic on the ultrasonic device until a welding seam is formed, closing the ultrasonic device and stopping heating by using the external heating source, removing the ultrasonic head of the ultrasonic device from the to-be-welded ceramics after the sandwich structure is cooled to the room temperature of 20-25 ℃, and completing welding of the ceramics, wherein when the ultrasonic head is pressed on the 1 to-be-welded ceramics to apply pressure towards the other 1 to-be-welded ceramics, the pressure born by the middle layer is 0.1-5 MPa; the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20-100 kHz, and the amplitude of the ultrasonic wave is 1-20 mu m.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, oil impurities and oxide films on the surface of the ceramic to be welded are removed by sand paper;
in the step 1, cleaning the ceramic to be welded and the intermediate layer with acetone or alcohol;
in the step 2, the pressure born by the middle layer is 0.1-0.25 MPa, the frequency of ultrasonic waves of the ultrasonic waves is 20-25 kHz, and the amplitude of the ultrasonic waves is 6-10 mu m;
in the step 2, the welding of the ceramic is carried out in an air environment;
in step 2, the ceramic is welded at a standard atmospheric pressure.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the material of the ceramic to be welded is Al2O3、ZrO2、SiC、Si3N4Or AlN.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the number of metal foils in the intermediate layer is 3.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the first metal foil in the middle layer is 0.01 to 0.1mm, the thickness of the second metal foil in the middle layer is 0.02 to 0.1mm, and the thickness of the third metal foil in the middle layer is 0.01 to 0.1 mm.
6. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the intermediate layer, the ceramic to be welded and the heating temperature are one of the following:
the first condition is as follows:
the 3 layers of metal foils in the middle layer are made of Ti, Ag-Cu and Ti in sequence, and the heating temperature is 800 +/-10 ℃;
the first metal foil layer of the middle layer is made of Ti and has the thickness of 0.02 mm;
the material of the second layer of metal foil of the middle layer is Ag-Cu, and the thickness is 0.03 mm;
the middle layer and the third layer of metal foil are made of Ti and have the thickness of 0.02 mm;
the material of the ceramic to be welded is Al2O3。
Case two:
the material of the 3 layers of metal foils in the middle layer is Hf, Ag-Cu and Hf in sequence, and the heating temperature is 900 +/-10 ℃;
the material of the first metal foil layer of the middle layer is Hf, and the thickness is 0.04 mm;
the material of the second layer of metal foil of the middle layer is Ag-Cu, and the thickness is 0.03 mm;
the middle layer and the third layer of metal foil are made of Hf and have the thickness of 0.04 mm;
the material of the ceramic to be welded is ZrO2。
Case three:
the 3 layers of metal foils in the middle layer are made of Al, AgCuTi and Al in sequence, and the heating temperature is 700 +/-10 ℃;
the first layer of metal foil of the middle layer is made of Al and has the thickness of 0.01 mm;
the material of the second metal foil layer of the middle layer is AgCuTi, and the thickness is 0.02 mm;
the third layer of metal foil in the middle layer is made of Al and has the thickness of 0.01 mm;
the material of the ceramic to be welded is SiC.
Case four:
the 3 layers of metal foils in the middle layer are made of V, Au-Cu and V in sequence, and the heating temperature is 920 +/-10 ℃;
in the technical scheme, the first layer of metal foil of the middle layer is made of V, and the thickness of the first layer of metal foil is 0.1 mm;
the material of the second layer of metal foil of the middle layer is Au-Cu, and the thickness is 0.05 mm;
the material of the third layer of metal foil in the middle layer is V, and the thickness is 0.1 mm;
the material of the ceramic to be welded is Si3N4。
Case five:
the 3 layers of metal foils in the middle layer are sequentially made of Pd-Ti, Cu and Pd-Ti, and the heating temperature is 800 +/-10 ℃;
the first metal foil layer of the middle layer is made of Pd-Ti and has the thickness of 0.03 mm;
the material of the second layer of metal foil of the middle layer is Cu, and the thickness is 0.02 mm;
the middle layer and the third layer of metal foil are made of Pd-Ti and have the thickness of 0.03 mm;
in the aboveIn the technical scheme, the material of the ceramic to be welded is Al2O3。
Case six:
the 3 layers of metal foils in the middle layer are sequentially made of Pd-V, Au-Cu and Pd-V, and the heating temperature is 820 +/-10 ℃;
the first metal foil layer of the middle layer is made of Pd-V and has the thickness of 0.03 mm;
the material of the second layer of metal foil of the middle layer is Au-Cu, and the thickness is 0.1 mm;
the middle layer and the third layer of metal foil are made of Pd-V and have the thickness of 0.03 mm.
The material of the ceramic to be welded is AlN.
Case seven:
the 3 layers of metal foils in the middle layer are made of Ti, Ni-Cu and Ti in sequence, and the heating temperature is 850 +/-10 ℃;
the first layer of metal foil of the middle layer is made of Ti and has the thickness of 0.01 mm;
the material of the second layer of metal foil of the middle layer is Ni-Cu, and the thickness is 0.04 mm;
the middle layer and the third layer of metal foil are made of Ti and have the thickness of 0.01 mm;
the material of the ceramic to be welded is ZrO2。
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the external heating source is a heat induction coil, a furnace, an electric arc, a laser, an electron beam, thermal conduction, or thermal radiation.
8. A welded joint obtainable by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. Use of a method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for reducing the time for forming a weld.
10. Use of a method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for increasing the shear strength of a welded joint.
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| CN113945267A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2022-01-18 | 成都凯天电子股份有限公司 | Mounting method for improving contact rigidity between piezoelectric element and conducting strip |
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