The method of attachment of a kind of ultrasonic assistant transition liquid-phase
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for attachment of a kind of ultrasonic assistant transition liquid-phase.
Background technology
Along with the development of science and technology, particularly along with the fast development of Aero-Space, space technology, sophisticated manufacturing, make interconnection technique also at development and perfect.Partial transient liquid technology has been widely used since being developed in the connection of strengthened dispersion alloy, fibre reinforced composites, dissimilar metal and new material.Partial transient liquid is little due to deflection, removes surface film oxide easy during connection, makes it be better than diffusion and connects; The linker chemistry composition of partial transient liquid, institutional framework can with mother metal uniformity, make again it be better than soldering.This technological synthesis advantage of diffusion welding and soldering, can obtain excellent microstructure and properties of joint, cause a large amount of concerns of domestic and international numerous areas in recent years, and obtains and apply more and more widely.
The principle of partial transient liquid adds intermediate layer between mother metal, be incubated at the temperature lower than mother metal fusing point, utilize the fuse itself in intermediate layer or on linkage interface, form the liquid phase of some with mother metal generation eutectic reaction, simultaneously because the effect of liquid phase makes diffusion accelerate, the element reducing fusing point in liquid phase is rapidly to matrix diffusion, combination interface chemical composition is obviously changed, liquid phase in balancing each other reduces, and causes being incubated a period of time combination interface at a certain temperature and realizes isothermal solidification.Through isothermal solidification, solid-phase component homogenising, finally obtain the joint consistent with mother metal chemical composition and even tissue and obtain continuous print composition surface tissue.Within 1974, DuvailDS proposes concept and the mechanism of partial transient liquid first.Domestic transition liquid-phase of being also called is welded or diffusion brazing.Partial transient liquid is as a kind of novel accurate interconnection technique, have distortion little, connect temperature low, residual stress is little, strength of joint advantages of higher, can be used for connecting the material being difficult to melting welding, particularly high temperature alloy, marmem, intermetallic compound and composite etc.
Up to this point, many scholars various transition liquid-phase method of attachment of exploitation place, such as active partial transient liquid, PTLP bonding, nonmetal oxide intermediate layer partial transient liquid, non-interlayer partial transient liquid, thermograde partial transient liquid, two-step heating partial transient liquid, non axial constant-pressure partial transient liquid etc., most of welding method needs to have carried out welding process in a vacuum or inert atmosphere.Temperature retention time required in welding process is in addition usually longer, generally needs dozens of minutes even longer.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve existing transition liquid-phase Joining Technology to need to complete in a vacuum or inert atmosphere, and the problem of length consuming time, the method for attachment of a kind of ultrasonic assistant transition liquid-phase is provided.
The method of attachment of a kind of ultrasonic assistant transition liquid-phase of the present invention is as follows: one, mother metal to be welded is carried out mechanical grinding and cleaning, then assemble by the order of " mother metal-intermediate materials to be welded-mother metal to be welded ", obtain assembly to be welded, wherein mother metal to be welded and intermediate layer material have low melting eutectics; Two, vertically put on by ultrasonic tool head on assembly to be welded, applying pressure is 0.02 ~ 5kN, then heats, then applies ultrasonic wave vibration 1s ~ 10min, completes isothermal solidification; Three: if the isothermal solidification time is greater than 10min, then continue to heat up, and then apply ultrasonic wave vibration 1s ~ 10min, complete isothermal solidification; Four, after step 2 or step 3 complete isothermal solidification, cool to room temperature with the furnace, namely complete.
Ultrasonic assistant transition liquid-phase method of attachment proposed by the invention, can complete in atmospheric conditions, and greatly can shorten the time formed required for solid solution joint.Compared with normal ultrasound waves assistant brazing (completing oxide-film by ultrasonic wave cavitation effect in a liquid to abolish), this method realizes abolishing of interface oxidation film by ultrasonic wave in sound plastic effect in solids, ultrasonic wave vibration can impel a large amount of liquid to extrude, and solid solution diffusion behavior is accelerated under the comprehensive function of cavitation effect, acoustic streaming effect and sound plastic effect, shorten weld interval, weld seam filling rate can reach more than 95%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is embodiment 1 connection procedure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is Mg-Zn-Mg microstructure prepared by embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is Mg-Zn-Mg microstructure prepared by embodiment 2.
Detailed description of the invention
Detailed description of the invention one: the method for attachment of a kind of ultrasonic assistant transition liquid-phase of present embodiment is as follows: one, mother metal to be welded is carried out mechanical grinding and cleaning, then assemble by the order of " mother metal-intermediate materials to be welded-mother metal to be welded ", obtain assembly to be welded, wherein mother metal to be welded and intermediate layer material have low melting eutectics; Two, vertically put on by ultrasonic tool head on assembly to be welded, applying pressure is 0.02 ~ 5kN, then heats, then applies ultrasonic wave vibration 1s ~ 10min, completes isothermal solidification; Three: if the isothermal solidification time is greater than 10min, then continue to heat up, and then apply ultrasonic wave vibration 1s ~ 10min, complete isothermal solidification; Four, after step 2 or step 3 complete isothermal solidification, cool to room temperature with the furnace, namely complete.
The ultrasonic assistant transition liquid-phase method of attachment that present embodiment proposes, can complete in atmospheric conditions, and greatly can shorten the time formed required for solid solution joint.Compared with normal ultrasound waves assistant brazing (completing oxide-film by ultrasonic wave cavitation effect in a liquid to abolish), this method realizes abolishing of interface oxidation film by ultrasonic wave in sound plastic effect in solids, ultrasonic wave vibration can impel a large amount of liquid to extrude, and solid solution diffusion behavior is accelerated under the comprehensive function of cavitation effect, acoustic streaming effect and sound plastic effect, shorten weld interval, weld seam filling rate can reach more than 95%.
Detailed description of the invention two: present embodiment and detailed description of the invention one unlike: if mother metal to be welded is magnesium alloy or magnesium base composite material, then intermediate layer material is Zn, Cu, Al, Ag or yellow gold; If mother metal to be welded is aluminium alloy or aluminum matrix composite, then intermediate layer material is Zn, Cu, Mg, Ag or yellow gold; If mother metal to be welded is copper alloy or Cu-base composites, then intermediate layer material is Zn, Al, Mg or Ag.Other is identical with detailed description of the invention one.
Detailed description of the invention three: present embodiment and detailed description of the invention one or two unlike: the middle mother metal described in step one adopts the mode of evaporation or sputtering to be preset in mother metal to be welded surface.Other is identical with detailed description of the invention one or two.
Detailed description of the invention four: one of present embodiment and detailed description of the invention one to three unlike: intermediate materials described in step one adopts paillon foil to be placed between the mother metal to be welded of both sides.Other is identical with one of detailed description of the invention one to three.
Detailed description of the invention five: one of present embodiment and detailed description of the invention one to four are 5 ~ 10 DEG C/min unlike the heating rate of the heating described in step 2.Other is identical with one of detailed description of the invention one to four.
Detailed description of the invention six: one of present embodiment and detailed description of the invention one to five unlike the temperature of: the heating described in step 2 higher than the temperature of the low melting eutectics of mother metal to be welded and intermediate layer material, and lower than the fusing point of intermediate layer material.Other is identical with one of detailed description of the invention one to five.
Detailed description of the invention seven: one of present embodiment and detailed description of the invention one to six are 16 ~ 45KHz unlike ultrasonic frequency in: step 2 or step 3, and amplitude is 5 ~ 25 μm.Other is identical with one of detailed description of the invention one to six.
Detailed description of the invention seven: the temperature that one of present embodiment and detailed description of the invention one to seven heat up unlike: step 3 is not higher than 0.9 times of mother metal fusing point.Other is identical with one of detailed description of the invention one to seven.
By following verification experimental verification beneficial effect of the present invention:
Test 1: the method for attachment of test group ultrasonic assistant transition liquid-phase is as follows: one, magnesium alloy is carried out mechanical grinding and cleaning, and then assemble by the order of " magnesium alloy-Zn paper tinsel-magnesium alloy ", wherein Zn paper tinsel is the pure Zn paper tinsel of 0.05mm, obtains assembly to be welded; Two, ultrasonic tool head is vertically put on assembly to be welded, applying pressure is 0.03kN, then resistance radiation heating methods is adopted, be under the condition of 5 ~ 10 DEG C/min in firing rate, by device heats to 370 DEG C to be welded, then apply ultrasonic wave vibration 2min, complete isothermal solidification, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, namely complete.
Contrast test is: one, magnesium alloy is carried out mechanical grinding and cleaning, and then assemble by the order of " magnesium alloy-Zn paper tinsel-magnesium alloy ", wherein Zn paper tinsel is the pure Zn paper tinsel of 0.05mm, obtains assembly to be welded; Two, ultrasonic tool head is vertically put on assembly to be welded, applying pressure is 0.03kN, then resistance radiation heating methods is adopted, be under the condition of 5 ~ 10 DEG C/min in firing rate, by device heats to 370 DEG C to be welded, then apply ultrasonic wave vibration 3s, complete isothermal solidification, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, namely complete.
The magnesium alloy of this test is AZ31B, and this test connection procedure schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1.
As shown in Figure 2, as seen from Figure 2, original Zn layer disappears Mg-Zn-Mg microstructure prepared by control group, chemical reaction occurs in joint and forms Mg-Zn compound tissue.
As shown in Figure 3, as seen from Figure 3, original Zn layer disappears Mg-Zn-Mg microstructure prepared by test group, and do not form Mg-Zn compound, but Zn element is solid-solution in Mg matrix completely, forms the tissue close with Mg substrate.Contrasted from Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, in joint, the existence of serialization compound certainly will affect joint performance, and Fig. 2 center tap shear strength is 55MPa, and Fig. 3 center tap shear strength is 106MPa, reaches the intensity of mother metal.Test group weld seam filling rate reaches 98%
Test 2, the method for attachment of this test ultrasonic assistant transition liquid-phase is as follows: one, magnesium alloy is carried out mechanical grinding and cleaning, then assemble by the order of " aluminum matrix composite-Zn paper tinsel-aluminum matrix composite ", wherein Zn paper tinsel is the pure Zn paper tinsel of 0.05mm, obtains assembly to be welded; Two, ultrasonic tool head is vertically put on assembly to be welded, applying pressure is 0.05kN, then adopting resistance radiation heating methods, is under the condition of 5 ~ 10 DEG C/min in firing rate, by device heats to 390 DEG C to be welded, apply ultrasonic wave vibration 10s again, then be warming up to 480 DEG C, apply ultrasonic wave vibration 20s, complete isothermal solidification, cool to room temperature with the furnace again, namely complete.
The aluminum matrix composite of this test is 55% volume fraction SiC particle-reinforced Al matrix composite, and weld seam filling rate reaches 96%.
From above-mentioned test, the present invention realizes abolishing of interface oxidation film by ultrasonic wave in sound plastic effect in solids, ultrasonic wave vibration can impel a large amount of liquid to extrude, and solid solution diffusion behavior is accelerated under the comprehensive function of cavitation effect, acoustic streaming effect and sound plastic effect, shorten weld interval, weld seam filling rate can reach more than 95%.