CN108637451A - A kind of method of low temperature ultrasonic auxiliary magnesium alloy welding - Google Patents
A kind of method of low temperature ultrasonic auxiliary magnesium alloy welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN108637451A CN108637451A CN201810524417.6A CN201810524417A CN108637451A CN 108637451 A CN108637451 A CN 108637451A CN 201810524417 A CN201810524417 A CN 201810524417A CN 108637451 A CN108637451 A CN 108637451A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods that low temperature ultrasonic assists magnesium alloy welding, include the following steps：This welding method includes base material and intermediate reaction material layer to be welded, and base material to be welded selects magnesium alloy or magnesium-based composite material, intermediate reaction material layer to select zinc foil；The surface to be welded of base material to be welded is subjected to mechanical grinding and ultrasonic cleaning；Then it is base material to be welded according to levels, middle layer is intermediate reaction material layer；Ultrasonic probe is applied into pressure to component to be welded, pressure value is 0.1 0.2MPa, and then temperature is heated to 365 375 DEG C, and welding ultrasonic activation 105 129 seconds carries out isothermal solidification；After completing isothermal solidification, it is cooled to room temperature.Entire welding process can be completed in atmospheric conditions, shorten the time of isothermal solidification, joints shear dynamics is strong.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultra-sonic welding techniques fields, and the side of magnesium alloy welding is assisted more particularly, to a kind of low temperature ultrasonic
Method.
Background technology
Magnesium alloy has low density, specific strength and specific modulus height, thermal diffusivity as most light metal engineering structural material
The characteristics such as good, noise-and-vibration-reduction, electromagnetic shielding and capability of resistance to radiation are strong, and dimensional stability is high, Cutting free processing, easily recycling and
It is cheap, it is known as the new green environment protection engineering material of 21 century.Reliable and efficient interconnection technique is pushing material
It is played an important role in development and application process.For certain magnesium alloy components, the connection methods such as soldering, diffusion welding (DW) tool
Having during dimensional accuracy is high, designability is strong, particularly the welding of large area component in complexity has advantage outstanding.
The welding of currently available technology includes that soldering, diffusion welding (DW) such as connect at the welding methods with transition liquid-phase diffusion.
Soldering there are strength of joints low, poor heat resistance, and the problems such as requirement is stringent, and solder is expensive is leveled before welding.Separately
Outside, it is difficult to be removed there are the oxidation film layer that a major issue is solder surface in soldering.The presence of this layer of oxidation film hinders
Liquid solder and the contact of the surface to be welded of base material to be welded, wetting, to being difficult to be formed effective connection.
Diffusion welding (DW), which exists, requires stringent Thermal Cycle time long surface to be welded, the low equipment one-time investment of productivity compared with
Greatly, and the size of base material to be welded is limited by equipment, can not carry out continous way batch production.
Transition liquid-phase diffusion connection is required to complete under vacuum conditions, and when required connection temperature is higher and connection
Between it is relatively long and relatively low for the mechanical property of obtained connector base material relatively to be welded.
Invention content
In view of the deficienciess of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of low temperature ultrasonics to assist magnesium alloy welding
Method completes entire ultrasonic welding process in atmospheric environment, shortens the time of isothermal solidification to the utmost, required heating temperature
Spend relatively low, weld interval is short, and the joint mechanical property obtained is strong, reduces process complexity, reduces welding cost.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of low temperature ultrasonic auxiliary magnesium alloy welding
Method, include the following steps：
Surface treatment step, base material to be welded are only limitted to magnesium alloy or magnesium-based composite material, by the to be welded of base material to be welded
Junction carries out mechanical grinding and ultrasonic cleaning；
Assembling steps before welding, select thin shape or the zinc foil of sheet as intermediate reaction material layer, by intermediate reaction material
Layer is clamped in the weld interface of upper and lower two base materials to be welded, forms a component to be welded；
Component to be welded, is placed on the processing platform of ultrasonic welding system by upper machine fixing step, and makes Ultrasonic probe pressure
Tightly on the top of component to be welded；Ultrasonic probe is applied into pressure, pressure value 0.1-0.2MPa to component longitudinal direction to be welded；
Load ultrasound and sensing heating step will be welded ultrasonic wave by Ultrasonic probe and conducted to component to be welded, welding
The power control of ultrasonic wave is welded the FREQUENCY CONTROL of ultrasonic wave and is set in 10-30kHz, while by sensing heating in 200-500W
Standby to heat component to be welded, induction heating equipment power control is in 4-6kW, and induction heating equipment FREQUENCY CONTROL is in 200-250kHz；
Component temperature to be welded is heated to 335-345 DEG C, passes through Ultrasonic probe pair by intermediate reaction material layer collapsing step
Component ultrasonication to be welded makes intermediate reaction material layer be generated under ultrasound and temperature action with base material to be welded and reacts, intermediate
It disappears after the reaction of the reaction wood bed of material, after the weld interface of upper and lower base material to be welded forms compound layer and molten solid layer, ultrasound
Tool heads fail, wherein molten solid layer includes first layer and the second layer, and first layer is Zn atoms to inside base material to be welded
Solid-state diffusion layer；The second layer is α-Mg (Zn) crystal grain of precipitation during weld seam liquid metal solidification；
Component temperature to be welded is heated to 365-375 DEG C by rich magnesium conversion step, and Ultrasonic probe is super to component to be welded again
Sound acts on, and weld seam liquid metal reaches the hypoeutectic ingredient of rich Mg, and α-Mg (Zn) mutually depend on base material to be welded and are precipitated and grow up；
Component temperature to be welded is down to 335- by eutectic conversion step by Ultrasonic probe to component ultrasonication to be welded
345 DEG C, eutectic reaction occurs for weld seam liquid metal：L→Mg51Zn20+MgZn；
Without eutectoid cooling step, when component temperature to be welded drops to 295-305 DEG C, Mg the and Zn atom quilts in component to be welded
Limitation movement；
Weld assembly step is completed, welding finished product is obtained.
In further technical solution, the intermediate reaction material collapsing step, the Ultrasonic probe is to described to be welded
Component ultrasonication 1-3 seconds, the intermediate reaction material layer generate instead with the base material to be welded under ultrasound and temperature action
It answers, disappears after the reaction of intermediate reaction material layer；
The richness magnesium conversion step, component temperature to be welded are heated to 365-375 DEG C, Ultrasonic probe to component to be welded after
Continuous ultrasonication 100-125 seconds, weld seam liquid metal reaches the hypoeutectic ingredient of rich Mg, and α-Mg (Zn) mutually depend on mother to be welded
Material is precipitated and grows up；
The eutectic conversion step, component temperature to be welded drop to 335-345 DEG C, continue to component to be welded in Ultrasonic probe
Eutectic reaction occurs for ultrasonication 2-3 seconds, weld seam liquid metal：L→Mg51Zn20+MgZn；
The no eutectoid cooling step, component to be welded temperature in 1-3 seconds drop to 295-305 DEG C, in component to be welded
Mg and Zn atoms are moved by limitation.
In further technical solution, the richness magnesium conversion step, the component temperature to be welded is heated to 365-375 DEG C,
After the Ultrasonic probe continues component to be welded to keep ultrasonication 100-125 seconds, Ultrasonic probe stops ultrasonication；
Component temperature to be welded is down to 335-345 DEG C by the eutectic conversion step, and Ultrasonic probe is to component to be welded
Ultrasonication is restarted, the ultrasonication time is 2-3 seconds.
In further technical solution, the intermediate reaction material layer is more than the weld interface of the base material to be welded.
In further technical solution, before the welding in assembling steps, the zinc foil selects zinc foil made of pure zinc,
The thickness of zinc foil is 45-55 μm.
In further technical solution, in the surface treatment step, to the described to be welded of the base material to be welded
Face is polished, and the sand paper of 1000-1500 mesh is selected to polish surface to be welded.
In further technical solution, in the surface treatment step, the base material to be welded is positioned over a concentration of 90-
It is cleaned by ultrasonic in 100% acetone soln and using cleaning ultrasonic wave, it is 10-20 minutes to be cleaned by ultrasonic the time.
In further technical solution, in load ultrasound and sensing heating step, the work(of the welding ultrasonic wave
Rate is controlled in 300W, welds the FREQUENCY CONTROL of ultrasonic wave in 20kHz, while described to be welded by induction heating equipment heating
Component, induction heating equipment power control is in 5kW, and induction heating equipment FREQUENCY CONTROL is in 225kHz.
In further technical solution, in the upper machine ultrasonic welding step, by the pressure value of the Ultrasonic probe
It is set as 0.15MPa.
In further technical solution, the temperature of the component to be welded is heated to 365 DEG C, when the welding ultrasonic activation
Between be 120 seconds.
The invention has the advantages that compared with the prior art,：
1. using zinc foil as intermediate reaction material layer and by welding ultrasonic wave auxiliary, completing magnesium alloy in atmospheric conditions
Or the high quality transition liquid-phase diffusion connection of magnesium-based composite material, reduce the complexity and processing cost of technique, very big limit
The time of the solidifications such as ground shortening, required heating temperature is relatively low, and weld interval is short, and the joint mechanical property obtained is strong.
2. using zinc foil relatively thin as intermediate reaction material layer, in the welding process, ultrasonic losses are smaller so that ultrasound is made
With being enhanced.
3. the vibration in the welding process, welding ultrasonic wave can effectively abolish interface oxidation film, promote Mg-Zn eutectics anti-
It answers, accelerate isothermal solidification process and forms the connector of typical microstructures structure, shearing strength of joint is made with welding ultrasonic wave
Increased with the extension of time, and base material to be welded realizes effectively connection.
Description of the drawings
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the welding ultrasonic wave auxiliary transition liquid-phase diffusion attachment structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 be the present invention the welding ul-trasonic irradiation time by 1 second when obtain Microstructure of Joint structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 be the present invention the welding ul-trasonic irradiation time by 3 seconds when obtain Microstructure of Joint structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 be the present invention the welding ul-trasonic irradiation time by 5 seconds when obtain Microstructure of Joint structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 be the present invention the welding ul-trasonic irradiation time by 30 seconds when obtain Microstructure of Joint structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 be the present invention the welding ul-trasonic irradiation time by 60 seconds when obtain Microstructure of Joint structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 be the present invention the welding ul-trasonic irradiation time by 120 seconds when obtain Microstructure of Joint structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 be the present invention the welding ul-trasonic irradiation time be 5 seconds and 30 seconds when connector fracture surface XRD diffraction spectras show
It is intended to；
Fig. 9 is the Mg-Zn phasor schematic diagrames of the present invention；
Figure 10 is the shearing strength of joint and compound layer of the present invention, solid solution layer and joint thickness with welding ultrasonic wave
The curve graph of action time variation；
Figure 11 be the present invention welding the ul-trasonic irradiation time be 5 seconds when connector fracture apperance and fracture path；
Figure 12 be the present invention welding the ul-trasonic irradiation time be 60 seconds when connector fracture apperance and fracture path；
Figure 13 be the present invention welding the ul-trasonic irradiation time be 120 seconds when connector fracture apperance and fracture path；
It is marked in figure：
1, Ultrasonic probe 2, induction heating equipment 3, base material to be welded 4, intermediate reaction material layer.
Specific implementation mode
It is only below presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
A kind of method of low temperature ultrasonic auxiliary magnesium alloy welding, includes the following steps：
Surface treatment step, base material 3 to be welded are only limitted to magnesium alloy or magnesium-based composite material, by waiting for for base material 3 to be welded
Welding surface carries out mechanical grinding and ultrasonic cleaning；
Assembling steps before welding, select thin shape or the zinc foil of sheet as intermediate reaction material layer 4, by intermediate reaction material
Layer 4 is clamped in the weld interface of upper and lower two base materials 3 to be welded, forms a component to be welded；
Component to be welded, is placed on the processing platform of ultrasonic welding system by upper machine fixing step, and Ultrasonic probe 1 is made to press
Tightly on the top of component to be welded；Ultrasonic probe 1 is applied into pressure, pressure value 0.1- to component longitudinal direction to be welded
0.2MPa；Shown in Fig. 1.
Load ultrasound and sensing heating step will be welded ultrasonic wave by Ultrasonic probe 1 and conducted to component to be welded, welding
The power control of ultrasonic wave is welded the FREQUENCY CONTROL of ultrasonic wave and is set in 10-30kHz, while by sensing heating in 200-500W
Standby 2 heating component to be welded, 2 power control of induction heating equipment is in 4-6kW, and 2 FREQUENCY CONTROL of induction heating equipment is in 200-
250kHz；
Component temperature to be welded is heated to 335-345 DEG C, passes through Ultrasonic probe 1 by intermediate reaction material layer collapsing step
To component ultrasonication to be welded, so that intermediate reaction material layer 4 is generated under ultrasound and temperature action with base material 3 to be welded and reacts,
Intermediate reaction material layer 4 disappears after reacting, and compound layer and molten solid layer are formed in the weld interface of upper and lower base material 3 to be welded
Afterwards, Ultrasonic probe 1 stops ultrasonication, wherein molten solid layer includes first layer and the second layer, and first layer is Zn atoms to waiting for
Solid-state diffusion layer inside welding base metal 3；The second layer is α-Mg (Zn) crystal grain of precipitation during weld seam liquid metal solidification；
Component temperature to be welded is heated to 365-375 DEG C by rich magnesium conversion step, and Ultrasonic probe 1 is again to component to be welded
Ultrasonication is carried out, weld seam liquid metal reaches the hypoeutectic ingredient of rich Mg, and α-Mg (Zn) mutually depend on base material 3 to be welded and are precipitated
And it grows up；
Component temperature to be welded is down to 335- by eutectic conversion step by Ultrasonic probe 1 to component ultrasonication to be welded
345 DEG C, eutectic reaction occurs for weld seam liquid metal：L→Mg51Zn20+MgZn；
Without eutectoid cooling step, when component temperature to be welded drops to 295-305 DEG C, Mg the and Zn atom quilts in component to be welded
Limitation movement；
Weld assembly step is completed, welding finished product is obtained.
Wherein more specifically,
In surface treatment step, base material 3 to be welded selects MB8 magnesium alloys or AZ31 magnesium alloys, treats welding base metal 3
Surface to be welded is polished, and the sand paper of 1000-1500 mesh is selected to polish surface to be welded.The polishing of base material 3 to be welded is completed
Afterwards, base material 3 to be welded is positioned in a concentration of 90-100% acetone solns and is cleaned by ultrasonic using cleaning ultrasonic wave, surpassed
Sound scavenging period is 10-20 minutes.Wherein, cleaning ultrasonic wave is the ultrasonic wave of ultrasonic generator generation and conducts to ultrasonic work
Has the ultrasonic wave of head 11 and service sink.
Before welding in assembling steps, zinc foil selects zinc foil made of pure zinc, and the thickness of zinc foil is 45-55 μm.It is intermediate anti-
Material layer 4 is answered to be more than the weld interface of base material 3 to be welded.
In upper machine ultrasonic welding step, it sets the pressure value of Ultrasonic probe 1 to 0.15MPa.
In load ultrasound and sensing heating step, the power control of ultrasonic wave is welded in 300W, welds the frequency of ultrasonic wave
Rate is controlled in 20kHz, while heating component to be welded by induction heating equipment 2, and 2 power control of induction heating equipment is in 5kW, sense
Answer 2 FREQUENCY CONTROL of heating equipment in 225kHz.
In intermediate reaction material layer collapsing step, 335- is heated to the temperature of component to be welded by induction heating equipment 2
345 DEG C, Ultrasonic probe 1 to component ultrasonication to be welded 1-3 seconds, intermediate reaction material layer 4 and base material 3 to be welded in ultrasound and
Reaction is generated under temperature action, intermediate reaction material layer 4 disappears after reacting；It is formed in the weld interface of upper and lower base material 3 to be welded
After compound layer and molten solid layer, Ultrasonic probe 1 fails, wherein and molten solid layer includes first layer and the second layer, and first
Layer is Zn atoms to the solid-state diffusion layer inside base material 3 to be welded；The second layer is precipitation during weld seam liquid metal solidification
α-Mg (Zn) crystal grain；
Rich magnesium conversion step, component temperature to be welded are heated to 365-375 DEG C, continue to component to be welded in Ultrasonic probe 1
Ultrasonication 100-125 seconds, weld seam liquid metal reach the hypoeutectic ingredient of rich Mg, and α-Mg (Zn) mutually depend on base material to be welded
3 are precipitated and grow up；At this point, Ultrasonic probe 1 can continue to carry out ultrasonication to component to be welded or Ultrasonic probe 1 stops ultrasound
Effect.
Eutectic conversion step, when component temperature to be welded drops to 335-345 DEG C, Ultrasonic probe 1 is again to component to be welded
It carries out ultrasonication 2-3 seconds or Ultrasonic probe 1 continues ultrasonication 2-3 seconds to component to be welded, weld seam liquid metal occurs altogether
Crystalline substance reaction：L→Mg51Zn20+MgZn；
Without eutectoid cooling step, component to be welded temperature in 1-3 seconds drops to 295-305 DEG C, because cooling velocity is very fast, waits for
Mg the and Zn atoms welded in component are moved by limitation.
It combines and can be seen that from table and Figure 10, when base material 3 to be welded is when ultrasonication is less than 120s, the shearing of connector is strong
Degree can enhance with the extension of ultrasonication time；When base material 3 to be welded is when being more than 120s the ultrasonication time, connector
Shear strength is maintained at same level.It follows that it is optimal to treat the ultrasonication time control of welding base metal 3 in 120s
Value.
The experimental principle analysis of the present invention is, with the extension of the action time of welding ultrasonic wave, to generally include following three
The variation of aspect：
One, in the welding process, with the extension of welding ul-trasonic irradiation time, the Microstructure of Joint structure of acquisition
Variation is generated therewith, is broadly divided into the following four stage：
Intermediate reaction material layer 4 disappears the stage, as shown in Fig. 2, when it is 1 second to weld the ul-trasonic irradiation time, it is original
The interfaces Mg-Zn show bending, show that interface oxidation film has completely removed.Original zinc foil completely disappears, anti-by Mg-Zn institutes
The compound answered replaces completely.In conjunction with EDS and XRD analysis, as shown in figure 8, the object to the compound layer mutually judges, grey
Matrix compounds be Mg51Zn20, and needle-shaped or granular white compound mutually be MgZn.Compound layer with it is to be welded
The interface of base material 3 forms one layer of α-Mg (Zn) solid solution layer.By amplifying observation it can be found that the solid solution layer actually divides
It is two layers：Close to base material 3 to be welded first layer be Zn atoms to the solid-state diffusion layer inside base material 3 to be welded, because of the layer
It is interior there is the precipitate reinforced phase of some whites, and the white reinforced phase inside these reinforced phases and original base material 3 to be welded
It is very much like；The second layer close to compound layer by α-Mg (Zn) crystal grain for being precipitated during weld seam liquid metal solidification, because
It is showed for these crystal grain and depends on the form that 3 surface of base material to be welded is precipitated and is grown to liquid metal.
Rich magnesium changes phase, when welding the ul-trasonic irradiation time after 1 second, by the institutional framework of weld seam and as schemed
Mg-Zn phasors shown in 9 is it is found that the liquid metal among weld seam can reach a kind of hypoeutectic ingredient of richness Mg, such as institute in Fig. 9
Show, region shown in Z points.α-Mg (Zn) are mutually directly attached to the precipitation of base material 3 to be welded and grow up in cooling procedure.
The eutectic reacting condition stage, when being cooled to 341 DEG C of the eutectic reaction temperature of Mg-Zn, remaining liquid phase in weld seam
Eutectic reaction directly occurs：L→Mg51Zn20+MgZn.
Without eutectoid cooling stage, there is no generations by subsequent eutectoid reaction Mg51Zn20 → α-Mg (Zn)+MgZn, this is main
It is because faster cooling velocity limits the movement of Mg and Zn atoms.
Two, in the welding process, with the extension of welding ul-trasonic irradiation time, the layer structure of microstructure also with
Variation, be mainly reflected in the change width of compound layer, solid solution layer and connector.
(1) when welding ul-trasonic irradiation 1 second, as shown in Fig. 2, the width difference of compound layer, solid solution layer and connector
It is 56 μm, 12 μm and 81 μm.
(2) when it is -5 seconds 3 seconds to weld the ul-trasonic irradiation time, as shown in Figure 3-4, it can be found that the width base of solid solution layer
This is constant, and quickly reducing occurs in the width of compound layer and connector.The process shows during welding ultrasonic activation,
Solid-state magnesium-liquid weld seam-solid-state magnesium sandwich structure is acted on by the superaudible periodical extrusion pressure for welding ultrasonic wave,
A large amount of eutectic liquid phase is extruded, so that compound layer is obviously thinning.
(3) after the welding ul-trasonic irradiation time being more than 5 seconds, as illustrated in figs. 5-7, the overall width variation of connector is little,
And the width of compound layer is reduced, the thickness of solid solution layer accordingly increases.
(4) when it is 30 seconds to weld the ul-trasonic irradiation time, as shown in figure 5, compound layer thickness is reduced to 10 μm；
(5) when the welding ul-trasonic irradiation time further extending to 60 seconds, as shown in fig. 6, compound layer becomes not connect
It is continuous；
(6) it when reaching 120 seconds the welding ul-trasonic irradiation time, as shown in fig. 7, compound layer completely disappears, entirely connects
Head is made of solid solution layer completely.
The practical differentiation of this microstructure is an isothermal solidification process.It can be found that it should by amplifying observation
Solid solution layer can equally be divided into two layers：I layers close to base material 3 to be welded are similarly Zn atoms divergent contour into solid magnesium alloy
At solid solution；And intermediate III layers are isothermal solidification α-Mg (Zn) solid solution that solidification is precipitated in situ.III layers of Crack cause
Mainly by Zn atoms to the diffusion inside base material 3 to be welded caused by, while at this stage, the extrusion for welding ultrasonic wave is made
With equally existing, only welding ul-trasonic irradiation at this stage does not have the welding ul-trasonic irradiation of early period apparent.Because of equivalent
Zn elements can form wider connector when forming α-Mg (Zn) solid solution completely.
Three, as shown in Figure 10, in the welding process, with the extension of welding ul-trasonic irradiation time, shearing strength of joint
And the thickness of each layer tissue also changes therewith in connector.
(1) when it is 1-5 seconds ranges to weld the ul-trasonic irradiation time, strength of joint is quick with the increase of ultrasonication time
Increase, this be mainly compound layer and weld width in connector it is rapid reduce caused by.From welding ul-trasonic irradiation 5 seconds
Fracture apperance can find that the fracture mode mainly shows brittle fracture, and fracture takes place mostly in inside compound layer, such as Figure 11
It is shown.
(2) when welding ul-trasonic irradiation time lengthening is later to 5 seconds, as illustrated by figs. 12-13, strength of joint increases slow
Slowly, this is mainly influenced by the reduction of compound layer thickness and the increase of solid solution layer thickness.
(3) when it is 30 seconds and 60 seconds to weld the ul-trasonic irradiation time, the fracture of connector betides compound layer and solid solution
Inside body layer, as shown in figure 12.As welding sonication times extend, the region for betiding solid solution layer internal break is increased.
(4) when the welding ul-trasonic irradiation time reaching 120 seconds, connector is made of solid solution layer completely, and connector is averagely cut
Shearing stress reaches maximum value 106.4MPa, close to the intensity of base material 3 to be welded.The fracture behaviour of the connector betides to be welded
Inside base material 3, as shown in figure 13.
Primary structure, principle and effect of the present embodiment are identical as embodiment one, and which is not described herein again.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) with 45-55 μm of zinc foil make intermediate reaction material layer 4 and by welding ultrasonic wave auxiliary in atmospheric conditions at
Work(realizes the high quality transition liquid-phase diffusion connection of magnesium alloy or magnesium-based composite material.
(2) there are large effects for welding ul-trasonic irradiation time butt joint institutional framework.On the one hand, welding ultrasonic wave shakes
Kinetic energy is enough effectively to abolish interface oxidation film, promotes Mg-Zn eutectic reactions, and accelerate isothermal solidification process.On the other hand, connector
Typical microstructures structure is：Magnesium alloy or magnesium-based composite material/interface α-Mg (Zn) solid solution layer/Mg51Zn20's and MgZn is mixed
Polymerisable compounds layer/interface α-Mg (Zn) solid solution layer/magnesium alloy or magnesium-based composite material.With prolonging for welding ul-trasonic irradiation time
Long, the compound layer in weld seam is quickly reduced and solid solution layer is constant, and subsequent compound layer is slowly reduced until disappearing and solid solution layer
The process being slowly increased.
(3) shearing strength of joint with welding the ul-trasonic irradiation time extension and increase, and with intermetallic compound,
There are certain correspondences for solid solution layer and weld width.When weld the ul-trasonic irradiation time be 120 seconds when, connector completely by
α-Mg (Zn) solid solution layer is constituted, and the average shear strength of connector is up to 106.4MPa, and is broken and betides magnesium alloy or magnesium
Inside based composites.
The above content is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the present invention
Thought, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application range, and the content of the present specification should not be construed as to the present invention
Limitation.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of low temperature ultrasonic auxiliary magnesium alloy welding, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Surface treatment step, base material to be welded are only limitted to magnesium alloy or magnesium-based composite material, by the surface to be welded of base material to be welded
Carry out mechanical grinding and ultrasonic cleaning；
Assembling steps before welding, select thin shape or the zinc foil of sheet as intermediate reaction material layer, intermediate reaction material layer are pressed from both sides
The weld interface in upper and lower two base materials to be welded is held, a component to be welded is formed；
Component to be welded, is placed on the processing platform of ultrasonic welding system by upper machine fixing step, and Ultrasonic probe is made to be pressed on
The top of component to be welded；Ultrasonic probe is applied into pressure, pressure value 0.1-0.2MPa to component longitudinal direction to be welded；
Load ultrasound and sensing heating step will be welded ultrasonic wave by Ultrasonic probe and conducted to component to be welded, welding ultrasound
The power control of wave is welded the FREQUENCY CONTROL of ultrasonic wave and is added in 10-30kHz, while by induction heating equipment in 200-500W
Heat component to be welded, induction heating equipment power control is in 4-6kW, and induction heating equipment FREQUENCY CONTROL is in 200-250kHz；
Component temperature to be welded is heated to 335-345 DEG C, by Ultrasonic probe to be welded by intermediate reaction material layer collapsing step
Component ultrasonication makes intermediate reaction material layer be generated under ultrasound and temperature action with base material to be welded and reacts, intermediate reaction
It disappears after material layer reaction, after the weld interface of upper and lower base material to be welded forms compound layer and molten solid layer, ultrasonic tool
Head fails, wherein molten solid layer includes first layer and the second layer, and first layer is Zn atoms to consolidating inside base material to be welded
State diffusion layer；The second layer is α-Mg (Zn) crystal grain of precipitation during weld seam liquid metal solidification；
Component temperature to be welded is heated to 365-375 DEG C by rich magnesium conversion step, and Ultrasonic probe again makees component ultrasound to be welded
With weld seam liquid metal reaches the hypoeutectic ingredient of rich Mg, and α-Mg (Zn) mutually depend on base material to be welded and are precipitated and grow up；
Component temperature to be welded is down to 335-345 by eutectic conversion step by Ultrasonic probe to component ultrasonication to be welded
DEG C, eutectic reaction occurs for weld seam liquid metal：L→Mg51Zn20+MgZn；
Without eutectoid cooling step, when component temperature to be welded drops to 295-305 DEG C, Mg the and Zn atoms in component to be welded are limited
It is mobile；
Weld assembly step is completed, welding finished product is obtained.
2. a kind of method of low temperature ultrasonic auxiliary magnesium alloy welding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The centre
Reaction material collapsing step, the Ultrasonic probe is to the component ultrasonication to be welded 1-3 seconds, the intermediate reaction material layer
It generates and reacts under ultrasound and temperature action with the base material to be welded, disappear after the reaction of intermediate reaction material layer；
The richness magnesium conversion step, component temperature to be welded are heated to 365-375 DEG C, continue to surpass to component to be welded in Ultrasonic probe
Sound acts on 100-125 seconds, and weld seam liquid metal reaches the hypoeutectic ingredient of rich Mg, and α-Mg (Zn) mutually depend on base material analysis to be welded
Go out and grows up；
The eutectic conversion step, component temperature to be welded drop to 335-345 DEG C, continue ultrasound to component to be welded in Ultrasonic probe
Eutectic reaction occurs for effect 2-3 seconds, weld seam liquid metal：L→Mg51Zn20+MgZn；
The no eutectoid cooling step, component to be welded temperature in 1-3 seconds drop to 295-305 DEG C, the Mg in component to be welded and
Zn atoms are moved by limitation.
3. a kind of method of low temperature ultrasonic auxiliary magnesium alloy welding according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The richness magnesium
Conversion step, the component temperature to be welded are heated to 365-375 DEG C, continue to keep super to component to be welded in the Ultrasonic probe
After sound acts on 100-125 seconds, Ultrasonic probe stops ultrasonication；
Component temperature to be welded is down to 335-345 DEG C by the eutectic conversion step, and Ultrasonic probe restarts component to be welded
Ultrasonication, ultrasonication time are 2-3 seconds.
4. a kind of method of low temperature ultrasonic auxiliary magnesium alloy welding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The centre
The reaction wood bed of material is more than the weld interface of the base material to be welded.
5. a kind of method of low temperature ultrasonic auxiliary magnesium alloy welding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the weldering
Before connecing in assembling steps, the zinc foil selects zinc foil made of pure zinc, and the thickness of zinc foil is 45-55 μm.
6. a kind of method of low temperature ultrasonic auxiliary magnesium alloy welding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the table
It in surface treatment step, polishes the surface to be welded of the base material to be welded, the sand paper of 1000-1500 mesh is selected to treat
Welding surface is polished.
7. a kind of method of low temperature ultrasonic auxiliary magnesium alloy welding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the table
In surface treatment step, the base material to be welded is positioned in a concentration of 90-100% acetone solns and is carried out using cleaning ultrasonic wave
It is cleaned by ultrasonic, it is 10-20 minutes to be cleaned by ultrasonic the time.
8. a kind of method of low temperature ultrasonic auxiliary magnesium alloy welding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Add described
It carries in ultrasound and sensing heating step, in 300W, the FREQUENCY CONTROL for welding ultrasonic wave exists the power control of the welding ultrasonic wave
20kHz, while the component to be welded is heated by the induction heating equipment, induction heating equipment power control is in 5kW, induction
Heating equipment FREQUENCY CONTROL is in 225kHz.
9. a kind of method of low temperature ultrasonic auxiliary magnesium alloy welding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：On described
In machine ultrasonic welding step, it sets the pressure value of the Ultrasonic probe to 0.15MPa.
10. a kind of method of low temperature ultrasonic auxiliary magnesium alloy welding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described to wait for
The temperature of weldering component is heated to 365 DEG C, and the welding ultrasonic activation time is 120 seconds.
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| CN110508920B (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2024-04-26 | 东莞市新玛博创超声波科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic welding device with pulse current heating function |
| CN113770500A (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2021-12-10 | 西南交通大学 | Welding method of magnesium/magnesium alloy and aluminum/aluminum alloy |
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