CN109365984A - A kind of ultrasonic wave added welding method of the magnalium heterogeneous alloy of Zn-Al alloy as intermediate reaction material layer - Google Patents
A kind of ultrasonic wave added welding method of the magnalium heterogeneous alloy of Zn-Al alloy as intermediate reaction material layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN109365984A CN109365984A CN201811535435.0A CN201811535435A CN109365984A CN 109365984 A CN109365984 A CN 109365984A CN 201811535435 A CN201811535435 A CN 201811535435A CN 109365984 A CN109365984 A CN 109365984A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 238
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229910007570 Zn-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910001051 Magnalium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910017708 MgZn2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 101000620359 Homo sapiens Melanocyte protein PMEL Proteins 0.000 claims description 24
- 102100022430 Melanocyte protein PMEL Human genes 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002525 ultrasonication Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910017706 MgZn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 95Zn-5Al alloy Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910018137 Al-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018573 Al—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005067 joint tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
Abstract
A kind of ultrasonic wave added welding method the invention discloses Zn-Al alloy as the magnalium heterogeneous alloy of intermediate reaction material layer, select has the Zn-Al alloy of biggish solid solubility as intermediate reaction material layer with Al and Mg, and the intermediate reaction material layer of Zn-Al alloy can apply welding ultrasound realization with magnalium heterogeneous alloy under the lower welding temperature of atmospheric environment and effectively connect, without using brazing flux, it is environmentally protective, weld interval is short, efficient welding, the joint microstructure ingredient obtained is uniform, and mechanical property is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to magnalium heterogeneous alloy welding technology fields, more particularly, to a kind of Zn-Al alloy as intermediate anti-
Answer the ultrasonic wave added welding method of the magnalium heterogeneous alloy of material layer.
Background technique
The application of aluminium alloy and magnesium alloy as typical light alloy, in fields such as ship, space flight, automobile, 3C electronics
It is increasingly extensive.But aluminium alloy and magnesium alloy have respective feature and advantage again, there is certain difference on physical and chemical performance.It will
The two is welded into composite construction, can play two kinds of respective characteristics of metal, obtains property, two kinds of metals of further expansion
Application range, therefore there is an urgent need to develop the technologies with development magnalium heterogeneous alloy welding.
When welding magnalium heterogeneous alloy using conventional brazing method, inevitably formed within a fitting a large amount of brittle
Intermetallic compound, it is bad so as to cause joint performance, it is unable to satisfy the requirement of service performance.In addition, using traditional soldering
When mode is welded, needs to use brazing flux or carry out the formation to avoid metal oxide film surface under vacuum conditions, and connect
Head intensity is generally relatively low.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficienciess of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Zn-Al alloys as intermediate reaction material
The ultrasonic wave added welding method of the magnalium heterogeneous alloy of the bed of material is realized under atmospheric environment in such a way that ultrasonic wave added welds
Low temperature, efficient welding without brazing flux, the joint microstructure ingredient welded is uniform, and mechanical property is strong.
To achieve the goals above, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: a kind of Zn-Al alloy is as intermediate reaction material
The ultrasonic wave added welding method of the magnalium heterogeneous alloy of the bed of material, including base material to be welded and intermediate reaction material layer, mother to be welded
Material selects magnesium alloy and aluminium alloy respectively, and intermediate reaction material layer selects Zn-Al system alloy；
The surface to be welded of base material to be welded is carried out mechanical grinding and ultrasonic cleaning by surface treatment step；
Assembling steps before welding, intermediate reaction material layer are located between the surface to be welded of two base materials to be welded, intermediate anti-
It answers material layer to contact to form contact surface with the weld interface of base material to be welded respectively, forms connected components to be welded, connected components group to be welded
It installs into；
Connected components to be welded, are placed on the processing platform of ultrasonic welding system by upper machine fixing step, and make Ultrasonic probe
It is pressed on the top of connected components to be welded；Ultrasonic probe is applied into pressure, pressure value 0.1- to connected components longitudinal direction to be welded
0.2MPa；
Connected components reaction step to be welded is conducted ultrasonic wave is welded to be welded under atmospheric environment by Ultrasonic probe
Connected components treat weld assembly and carry out load ultrasound and induction heating, weld the power control of ultrasonic wave in 200-500W, weldering
The frequency for connecing ultrasonic wave is controlled in 10-30kHz, while passing through induction heating equipment heating intermediate reaction material layer, induction heating
Plant capacity control is controlled in 4-6kW, induction heating equipment frequency in 200-250kHz, by the reaction of intermediate reaction material layer
Temperature is controlled at 335-345 DEG C, and treating the weld assembly application welding ultrasonication time is 3-10 seconds；
Weld assembly completes step, cancels protecting going easy on weld assembly cancellation welding ultrasound to intermediate reaction material layer
Wave, holding treat weld assembly and apply pressure, be cooled to room temperature in atmospheric environment, obtain welding finished product.
In further technical solution, the Al content in the Zn-Al alloy of the intermediate reaction material layer is 5%-
30%.
In further technical solution, wherein a base material to be welded selects 6160 aluminium alloys, in addition one is described to be welded
It connects base material and selects ME20M magnesium alloy.
In further technical solution, in the connected components reaction step to be welded, it is preferable that by the intermediate reaction material
The reaction temperature of the bed of material is controlled at 340 DEG C, and treating the weld assembly application welding ultrasonication time is 3-5 seconds.
In further technical solution, in the connected components reaction step to be welded, metallurgy occurs for the connected components to be welded
Reaction forms articulamentum, is sequentially formed with Mg+MgZn eutectic from base material magnesium alloy to be welded side to base material aluminum alloy side to be welded
Tissue, MgZn2 compound layer and α-Al solid solution layer.
In further technical solution, middle part to the base material aluminum alloy side to be welded of the articulamentum includes Al+
The eutectoid structure of Zn.
In further technical solution, in the surface treatment step, select the sand paper of 400-1500 mesh to it is described to
The surface to be welded of welding base metal is polished；It is in 90-100% acetone soln and to use that base material to be welded, which is placed in concentration,
Cleaning ultrasonic wave is cleaned by ultrasonic, and the ultrasonic cleaning time is 10-20 minutes.
In further technical solution, in the upper machine fixing step, the pressure value of the Ultrasonic probe is arranged
For 0.15MPa.
In further technical solution, the base material to be welded includes upper substrate base material to be welded and lower substrate mother to be welded
Material, upper substrate base material to be welded are placed in the upper surface of intermediate reaction material layer, and lower substrate base material to be welded is placed in intermediate reaction
Below material layer, upper substrate base material to be welded is sized to 16mm*16mm*3mm, the size of lower substrate base material to be welded
It is set as 20mm*20mm*3mm.
In further technical solution, assembling steps before the welding weigh the intermediate reaction for being made into 95-105 μ m thick
Zn-Al alloy is placed in the surface to be welded that the base material to be welded is aluminium alloy, is formed preliminary by the Zn-Al alloy of material layer
Component is conducted ultrasonic wave is precoated to preliminary component by Ultrasonic probe, carries out load ultrasound to preliminary component and precoating adds
Heat precoats the power control of ultrasonic wave in 200-500W, and the frequency for precoating ultrasonic wave is controlled in 10-30kHz, while passing through precoating
Heating equipment heating Zn-Al alloy, precoating heating equipment power control precoat the control of heating equipment frequency in 200- in 4-6kW
The temperature of Zn-Al alloy is heated to being higher by 20-50 DEG C of Zn-Al alloy fusing point by 250kHz, applies precoating ultrasound to preliminary component
Action time is 2-4 second, and preliminary component polishes flat after cooled and solidified in air, and formation is polished flat whole face, is not located remaining
The base material to be welded of reason is the surface to be welded of magnesium alloy and is polished flat whole face to patch, forms connected components to be welded.
After adopting the above structure, the invention has the advantages that compared with the prior art: under atmospheric environment realize aluminium
The welding of magnesium heterogeneous alloy, environmentally protective without using brazing flux, weld interval is short, efficient welding, and the joint microstructure ingredient obtained is equal
Even, mechanical property is good.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is that welding ultrasonic wave auxiliary transition liquid phase diffusion weld of the invention connects structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is Al-Zn binary phase diagraml of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is Mg-Zn binary phase diagraml of the present invention.
Fig. 4-6 is respectively with the interface after 95Zn-5Al, 90Zn-10Al, 85Zn-15Al and the precoating of welding base material aluminium alloy
Microscopic structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is that welding temperature setting is welded ultrasound 3 in 340 DEG C of applications as intermediate reaction material layer using 95Zn-5Al
Second Microstructure of Joint totality pattern schematic diagram obtained.
Fig. 8 is the enlarged drawing at Fig. 7 b, is herein base material magnesium alloy to be welded side interface microstructure schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is the enlarged drawing at Fig. 7 c, is herein the microstructure schematic diagram among weld seam.
Figure 10 is the enlarged drawing at Fig. 7 d, is herein the microstructure schematic diagram at base material aluminum alloy side to be welded interface.
Figure 11 is as intermediate reaction material layer that welding temperature setting is super in 340 DEG C of application welding using 90Zn-10Al
Sound 3 seconds Microstructure of Joint totality pattern schematic diagrames obtained.
Figure 12 is the enlarged drawing at Figure 11 b, is herein base material magnesium alloy to be welded side interface microstructure schematic diagram.
Figure 13 is the enlarged drawing at Figure 11 c, is herein the microstructure schematic diagram among weld seam.
Figure 14 is the enlarged drawing at Figure 11 d, is herein the microstructure schematic diagram at base material aluminum alloy side to be welded interface.
Figure 15 is as intermediate reaction material layer that welding temperature setting is super in 340 DEG C of application welding using 85Zn-15Al
Sound 3 seconds Microstructure of Joint totality pattern schematic diagrames obtained.
Figure 16 is the enlarged drawing at Figure 15 b, is herein base material magnesium alloy to be welded side interface microstructure schematic diagram.
Figure 17 is the enlarged drawing at Figure 15 c, is herein the microstructure schematic diagram among weld seam.
Figure 18 is the enlarged drawing at Figure 15 d, is herein the microstructure schematic diagram at base material aluminum alloy side to be welded interface.
Figure 19 is that the present invention sets the welding temperature of tape welding connected components among 340 DEG C of application welding 3 seconds differences of ultrasound
The relation schematic diagram of reaction wood bed of material Al content and shearing strength of joint.
Figure 20-22 is that will be welded using 95Zn-5Al, 90Zn-10Al and 85Zn-15Al as intermediate reaction material layer respectively
Jointing temp is arranged in 340 DEG C and applies the fracture path schematic diagram for welding ultrasonic 3 seconds obtained connectors.
Figure 23-25 is that will be welded using 95Zn-5Al, 90Zn-10Al and 85Zn-15Al as intermediate reaction material layer respectively
Jointing temp is arranged in 340 DEG C and applies the shearing end degree of lip-rounding looks schematic diagram for welding ultrasonic 3 seconds obtained connectors.
Figure 26 is that the present invention is welded welding temperature setting in 340 DEG C of applications as intermediate reaction material layer using 95Zn-5Al
Connect the fracture XRD spectrum of ultrasonic 3 seconds obtained connectors.
Figure 27 is that the present invention is applied welding temperature setting at 340 DEG C as intermediate reaction material layer using 85Zn-15Al
Weld the fracture XRD spectrum of ultrasonic 3 seconds obtained connectors.
Figure 28-31 is joint microstructure evolution model schematic diagram of the Zn-Al system of the present invention alloy as intermediate reaction material layer.
In figure: 1, Ultrasonic probe 2, heating equipment 3, base material to be welded 4, intermediate reaction material layer.
Specific embodiment
It is only below presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
A kind of ultrasonic wave added welding method of the magnalium heterogeneous alloy of Zn-Al alloy as intermediate reaction material layer, Fig. 1 institute
Show, including base material to be welded 3 and intermediate reaction material layer 4, base material 3 to be welded selects magnesium alloy and aluminium alloy respectively, intermediate anti-
Material layer 4 is answered to select Zn-Al system alloy, it is preferable that the Al content in the Zn-Al alloy of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is 5%-
25%；
As Figure 2-3, selecting Zn-Al alloy as the reason of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is Zn-Al alloy to Al and Mg
Have biggish solid solubility, the fusing point and eutectic temperature in conjunction with Zn-Al alloy are lower, Zn-Al alloy respectively with aluminium alloy and magnesium
Alloy can realize effective connection at a lower temperature, and lower temperature is 350 DEG C or so, 350 DEG C or so of temperature relative to
650 DEG C of fusing point of 660 DEG C of aluminium alloy fusing point and magnesium alloy are lower temperature.And Zn-Al alloy in the welding process can be effective
Inhibit to form intermetallic compound between aluminium alloy and magnesium alloy, it is higher to form mechanical strength, the uniform connector of ingredient.
The surface to be welded of base material 3 to be welded is carried out mechanical grinding and ultrasonic cleaning by surface treatment step；Specifically, it selects
It is polished with the surface to be welded that the sand paper of 400-1500 mesh treats welding base metal 3；It is 90- that base material 3 to be welded, which is placed in concentration,
It is cleaned by ultrasonic in 100% acetone soln and using cleaning ultrasonic wave, the ultrasonic cleaning time is 10-20 minutes.Wherein, it cleans
Ultrasonic wave is the ultrasonic wave that ultrasonic generator generates and conducts to Ultrasonic probe 1 and the ultrasonic wave of service sink.
Assembling steps before welding, intermediate reaction material layer 4 are located between the surface to be welded of two base materials 3 to be welded, intermediate
The reaction wood bed of material 4 contacts to form contact surface with the weld interface of base material 3 to be welded respectively, and connected components to be welded are completed；Specifically
There are two types of the assembling modes of ground, intermediate reaction material layer 4 and base material 3 to be welded: the first, as shown in Figure 1, base material to be welded 3
Including upper substrate base material to be welded and lower substrate base material to be welded, upper substrate base material to be welded is placed in intermediate reaction material layer 4
The upper surface of, lower substrate base material to be welded is placed in below intermediate reaction material layer 4, the size setting of upper substrate base material to be welded
For 16mm*16mm*3mm, lower substrate to be welded female 3 is sized to 20mm*20mm*3mm；It second, preferably, will
3 aluminium alloy of base material to be welded for needing to precoat is placed on the fixture of precoating ultrasonic device, is weighed and is made into 95-105 μm of thickness
Zn-Al alloy one of is placed therein the surface to be welded of base material 3 to be welded, shape by the Zn-Al alloy of intermediate reaction material layer 4
At preliminary component, the ultrasonic amplitude transformer by precoating ultrasonic device will precoat ultrasonic wave and conduct to preliminary component, precoats ultrasound and sets
It is standby that preliminary component is carried out load precoating ultrasound and precoated to heat, the power control of ultrasonic wave is precoated in 200-500W, and precoating is super
The frequency of sound wave is controlled in 10-30kHz, while by precoating heating equipment heating Zn-Al alloy, precoating the control of heating equipment power
System precoats the control of heating equipment frequency in 200-250kHz, is heated to the reaction temperature of Zn-Al alloy to be higher by Zn- in 4-6kW
20-50 DEG C of Al alloy melting point is 2-4 seconds to the preliminary component application precoating ultrasonication time, and preliminary component cools down in air
Polish flat after solidification, formation be polished flat whole face, by remaining untreated base material 3 to be welded be magnesium alloy surface to be welded with
It is polished flat whole face and supports patch, connected components to be welded are formed, wherein the modes of emplacement of second of intermediate reaction material layer 4, helps to abolish
The oxidation film of 3 aluminum alloy surface of base material to be welded, after oxidation film tear, base material 3 to be welded occurs with intermediate reaction material layer 4
Liquid phase region is generated, intermediate reaction material layer 4 and base material 3 to be welded is made to realize preliminary connection, such mode is among preferred embodiment
The modes of emplacement of the reaction wood bed of material 4.
Connected components to be welded, are placed on the processing platform of ultrasonic welding system by upper machine fixing step, and make Ultrasonic probe 1
It is pressed on the top of connected components to be welded；Ultrasonic probe 1 is applied into pressure, pressure value 0.1- to connected components longitudinal direction to be welded
0.2MPa；Preferably, 0.15MPa is set by the pressure value of Ultrasonic probe 1.
Connected components reaction step to be welded is conducted ultrasonic wave is welded to be welded under atmospheric environment by Ultrasonic probe 1
Connected components treat weld assembly and carry out load ultrasound and induction heating, weld the power control of ultrasonic wave in 200-500W, welding
The frequency of ultrasonic wave is controlled in 10-30kHz, while being heated up connected components to be welded by induction heating equipment 2, induction heating equipment 2
Power control is controlled in 4-6kW, 2 frequency of induction heating equipment in 200-250kHz, by the reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4
At 335-345 DEG C, treating the weld assembly application welding ultrasonication time is 3-10 seconds for control.Specifically, connected components hair to be welded
Raw metallurgical reaction forms articulamentum, is sequentially formed with Mg+ from 3 magnesium alloy side of base material to be welded to 3 aluminum alloy side of base material to be welded
MgZn eutectic structure, MgZn2 compound layer and α-Al solid solution layer.The middle part of articulamentum is to 3 aluminum alloy side packet of base material to be welded
Include the eutectoid structure of Al+Zn.
Weld assembly completes step, cancels protecting going easy on weld assembly cancellation welding ultrasound to intermediate reaction material layer
Wave, holding treat weld assembly and apply pressure, be cooled to room temperature in atmospheric environment, obtain welding finished product.
Embodiment two
The primary structure, principle and effect of the present embodiment are the same as example 1, and which is not described herein again, difference
It is, the aluminium alloy of base material 3 to be welded selects 6160 aluminium alloys, and the magnesium alloy in base material 3 to be welded selects ME20M magnesium alloy,
Intermediate reaction material layer 4 selects 85Zn-15Al.
Embodiment three
The primary structure, principle and effect of the present embodiment are the same as example 1, and which is not described herein again, difference
It is, the aluminium alloy of base material 3 to be welded selects 6160 aluminium alloys, and the magnesium alloy in base material 3 to be welded selects ME20M magnesium alloy,
Intermediate reaction material layer 4 selects 95Zn-5Al.
Example IV
The primary structure, principle and effect of the present embodiment are the same as example 1, and which is not described herein again, difference
It is, the aluminium alloy of base material 3 to be welded selects 6160 aluminium alloys, and the magnesium alloy in base material 3 to be welded selects ME20M magnesium alloy,
Intermediate reaction material layer 4 selects 70Zn-30Al.
Embodiment five
The primary structure, principle and effect of the present embodiment are identical as embodiment two, and which is not described herein again, difference
It is, in connected components reaction step to be welded, it is preferable that the reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is controlled at 335 DEG C, it is right
The connected components application welding ultrasonication time to be welded is 3 seconds.
Embodiment six
The primary structure, principle and effect of the present embodiment are identical as embodiment two, and which is not described herein again, difference
It is, in connected components reaction step to be welded, it is preferable that the reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is controlled at 345 DEG C, it is right
The connected components application welding ultrasonication time to be welded is 3 seconds.
Embodiment seven
The primary structure, principle and effect of the present embodiment are identical as embodiment two, and which is not described herein again, difference
It is, in connected components reaction step to be welded, it is preferable that the reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is controlled at 340 DEG C, it is right
The connected components application welding ultrasonication time to be welded is 3 seconds.
Embodiment eight
The primary structure, principle and effect of the present embodiment are the same as example 1, and which is not described herein again, difference
It is, in connected components reaction step to be welded, the physical state of 3 aluminium alloy of base material and magnesium alloy to be welded is respectively solid-state, in
Between the physical state of the reaction wood bed of material 4 be solid-state, the physical state of α-Al solid solution is solid-state.
The influence of the welding joint structure performance in terms of two to the present invention in the welding process divides individually below
Analysis.
One, in the Zn-Al system alloy in intermediate reaction material layer 4 Al content butt joint tissue and performance influence.
It selects Zn foil to do experiment as intermediate reaction material layer 4, the reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is separately heated to
It 340 DEG C and 350 DEG C, treats weld assembly and applies welding ultrasound 5 seconds.When the reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is heated to
340 DEG C, when treating weld assembly application welding ultrasonication 5 seconds, due to the most of non-soldering in aluminum side interface, shear strength
It is very low；When the reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is heated to 350 DEG C, treats weld assembly and apply welding ultrasonication 5 seconds
When, the shear strength highest of connector, but only 15MPa, main cause are that a large amount of continuous Mg-Zn metals are formd in connector
Between compound.Continue to increase with welding temperature, form continuous Al3Mg2 compound layer in connector, under shear strength
Drop, intensity are less than 5MPa.Magnalium heterogeneous alloy is brazed using pure 4 ultrasonic wave added of Zn foil intermediate reaction material layer at different temperatures
When, it inevitably will form a large amount of intermetallic compounds in connector, intensity is lower, is unable to satisfy application demand.
The Zn-Al system alloy of different Al contents is selected to connect the heterogeneous conjunction of magnalium as 4 ultrasonic wave added of intermediate reaction material layer
Gold, including 95Zn-5Al alloy, 90Zn-10AlZn alloy and 85Zn-15Al alloy, by being precoated in 6061 aluminum alloy surfaces
The previously prepared intermediate reaction material layer 4 of the mode of alloy-layer.95Zn-5Al, 90Zn-10Al, 85Zn-15Al intermediate reaction material
Layer 4 is in the pre- at a temperature of application ultrasound of precoating in 3 seconds being coated in higher than 20 DEG C of 4 fusing point of intermediate reaction material layer or more of aluminum alloy surface
It realizes, precoating ultrasound is that intermediate reaction material layer 4 is being realized the ultrasonic wave tentatively combined with one of them base material 3 to be welded.
Intermediate reaction material layer 4 is respectively that the temperature of 95Zn-5Al, 90Zn-10Al and 85Zn-15Al precoating is respectively 400 DEG C, 430
DEG C and 450 DEG C.Fig. 4-6 is to precoat the microscopic structure that Zn-Al system alloy is interface after intermediate reaction material layer 4.As seen from the figure,
The oxidation film on the surface Al of base material 3 to be welded completely removes after ultrasonic wave added precoats, in aluminium alloy and intermediate reaction material layer 4
Interface forms one layer of α-Al dendrite from aluminium alloy toward weld growth, and with the increasing of aluminium content in intermediate reaction material layer 4
The quantity of α-Al crystal grain is added to increase.In conjunction with Zn foil as the experimental result of intermediate reaction material layer 4 and melting for Zn-Al system alloy
Point is welded at a lower temperature as far as possible in order to avoid the formation of intermetallic compounds layer in connector, by intermediate reaction material
The reaction temperature of the bed of material 4 is determined as 340 DEG C, treats weld assembly and applies welding ultrasonication 3 seconds.
M in 1 Fig. 9-10 of table1And M2Locate the chemical element composition (at.%) of each phase
It is welded using 95Zn-5Al as intermediate reaction material layer 4 and Al/Mg heterogeneous alloy, in welding temperature (welding temperature
Degree refers to the reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4.) it is to treat weld assembly at 340 DEG C and apply welding ultrasonication 3 seconds
Afterwards, the joint microstructure of formation is as is seen in figs 7-10.As seen from Figure 8, connector close to 3 magnesium alloy side of base material to be welded be Mg+MgZn
Eutectic structure；And continuous MgZn2 compound layer is formd in the middle part of weld seam, as shown in figure 9, its EDS element determination such as table 1
Shown, the interface between the eutectic structure of 3 magnesium alloy side of the MgZn2 compound and base material to be welded is relatively flat and oriented close to be welded
The trend that 3 aluminum alloy side of base material extends；It is being mainly the eutectoid structure of Al+Zn close in 3 welded seam of aluminium alloy of base material to be welded,
EDS element determination is as shown in table 1, and there are one layer of α-Al solid solution layers at 3 aluminum alloy side interface of base material to be welded.
It is welded using 90Zn-10Al as intermediate reaction material layer 4 and Al/Mg heterogeneous alloy, in intermediate reaction material layer 4
Reaction temperature be 340 DEG C, treat weld assembly apply welding ultrasonication 3 seconds after, obtained connector microscopic structure and 95Zn-
5Al intermediate reaction material layer 4 it is similar, as illustrated in figs. 11-14.Main close to inside 3 magnesium alloy side weld of base material to be welded
For the eutectic structure of Mg+MgZn, but the connector that its thickness ratio 95Zn-5Al is obtained as intermediate reaction material layer 4 subtracts significantly
It is small, as shown in figure 12；In the lower part Mg+MgZn, close to the side of 3 aluminium alloy of base material to be welded, there are continuous MgZn2 compounds
Layer, but connector is obtained as intermediate reaction material layer 4 compared to 95Zn-5Al, the MgZn2 compound layer of the connector is averaged
Thickness is reduced, as shown in figure 13；It is successively one layer of α-Al solid solution layer and Al+ in the middle part of close to aluminum alloy side toward weld seam
The eutectoid structure of Zn, as shown in figure 14.
Figure 15-18 is to be welded using 85Zn-15Al as intermediate reaction material layer 4 and Al/Mg heterogeneous alloy, intermediate anti-
The welding temperature of material layer 4 is answered to be arranged after 340 DEG C of applications are welded ultrasonication 3 seconds, obtained joint microstructure.The joint microstructure
With 95Zn-5Al, 90Zn-10Al as the similar of intermediate reaction material layer 4: being Mg+ close to 3 magnesium alloy side of base material to be welded
The eutectic structure of MgZn, but it is a large amount of in the connector obtained than 95Zn-5Al and 90Zn-10Al as intermediate reaction material layer 4
It reduces, as shown in figure 15；Mg+MgZn eutectic structure lower part close to aluminum alloy side be continuous MgZn2 compound layer, still
Compared to the connector that 90Zn-10Al is obtained as intermediate reaction material layer 4, MgZn2 compound layer thickness, which has, further to be subtracted
It is few, as shown in figure 16；Entire eutectoid group weld seam middle part and be Al+Zn close to 3 aluminum alloy side almost all of base material to be welded
It knits, only there are minimal amount of η-Zn and MgZn2 compounds between eutectoid structure, as shown in FIG. 17 and 18；In addition, in aluminium
Alloy forms one layer of α-Al solid solution layer on 3 interface of base material to be welded, as shown in figure 18.
| Intermediate reaction material layer | 95Zn-5Al | 90Zn-10Al | 85Zn-15Al |
| Shearing strength of joint (MPa) | 78 | 81 | 110 |
Table 2 be the present invention by the welding temperature of tape welding connected components be set as 340 DEG C of application welding ultrasound 3 seconds it is different it is intermediate instead
Answer the relation schematic diagram of material layer Al content and shearing strength of joint.
It is heterogeneous as the ultrasonic wave added soldering Al/Mg of intermediate reaction material layer 4 to the Zn-Al system alloy of different Al contents
The connector that alloy obtains carries out room temperature shearing performance test.Strength of joint is respectively 78MPa, 81MPa and 110MPa, such as Figure 19
With shown in table 2.With the increase of Al content in intermediate reaction material layer 4, strength of joint is continuously increased, and maximum intensity can reach
The 96% of 3 magnesium alloy shear strength of base material (experimental test value is 115MPa) to be welded, has excellent performance.
It is as illustrated in figs 20-22 the shear fracture path of above-mentioned three kinds of connectors.From the point of view of the fracture path of connector, 6061/
95Zn-5Al/ME20M and 6061/90Zn-10Al/ME20M connector is broken inside MgZn2 compound layer, and is had a small amount of
To the deflection fracture of the aluminum alloy side of base material 3 to be welded in the eutectic structure of Mg+MgZn, shown in Figure 23 and Figure 24.And 6061/
85Zn-15Al/ME20M joint breaking then betides the middle part of weld seam, and main faults are in the eutectoid product of Al+Zn, such as Figure 25 institute
Show.
M in 3 Figure 23 of table1And M2Each position EDS result (at.%)
In order to further confirm that 6061/95Zn-5Al/ME20M, 6061/90Zn-10Al/ME20M and 6061/85Zn-
The fracture of the fracture position of 15Al/ME20M connector, butt joint carries out microexamination, as illustrated in figs 20-22.In conjunction with EDS data,
As shown in table 3,6061/95Zn-5Al/ME20M and 6061/90Zn-10Al/ME20M connector room temperature shear when fracture in
Apparent Brittleness is presented in the eutectic structure of MgZn2 compound layer and Mg+MgZn.It is a large amount of continuously distributed in connector
The MgZn2 layers of intensity for greatly reducing connector.
The fracture of 6061/85Zn-15Al/ME20M connector shows and 6061/95Zn-5Al/ME20M, 6061/90Zn-
The entirely different pattern of 10Al/ME20M connector.6061/85Zn-15Al/ME20M connector room temperature shear when main faults in Al
The eutectoid object of+Zn, compared to 6061/95Zn-5Al/ME20M and 6061/90Zn-10Al/ME20M connector, fracture shows
Certain toughness, strength of joint improve a lot.
It further determines that below by the analysis of fracture XRD data as Al content changes in intermediate reaction material layer 4, connector
The variation of shear fracture position.If Figure 26-27 is 6061/95Zn-5Al/ME20M connector and 6061/85Zn-15Al/ME20M
The XRD spectrum of connector fracture.From the figure, it can be seen that 6061/95Zn-5Al/ME20M connector fracture mainly mutually has MgZn2
(MgZn2 correspond to MgZn2 compound layer), MgZn, Mg (eutectic structure that MgZn and Mg mainly correspond to Mg+MgZn), fracture XRD
It is consistent with fracture path and fracture apperance to analyze result.6061/85Zn-15Al/ME20M connector fracture mainly mutually have Al, Zn with
And a small amount of MgZn2, wherein Al and Zn corresponds mainly to the eutectoid object of the Al+Zn in former connector, and MgZn2 corresponds to Al in Figure 17
A small amount of MgZn2 compound between+Zn eutectoid object.Fracture XRD analysis result is consistent with fracture path and fracture apperance, further demonstrate,proves
The eutectoid object of 6061/85Zn-15Al/ME20M connector main faults Al+Zn in connector is illustrated.
Two, the mechanism of joint formation of ultrasonic wave added soldering
It is applied to 3 aluminum alloy surface of base material to be welded in advance by intermediate reaction material layer 4 of Zn-Al system alloy, it is super to introduce precoating
One main function of sound is the oxidation film that metal surface generates during being effectively removed precoating intermediate reaction material layer 4, is realized
Base material 3 to be welded realizes preliminary welding with intermediate reaction material layer 4.
After 3 aluminum alloy surface of base material to be welded precoats intermediate reaction material layer 4, from 3 aluminum alloy side circle of base material to be welded
α-Al solid solution layer, α-Al dendrite and dendrite in intermediate reaction material layer 4 are followed successively by inside face to intermediate reaction material layer 4
Between Al+Zn eutectic structure.Then by 3 aluminium alloy of base material to be welded and base material 3 to be welded after precoating intermediate reaction material layer 4
Magnesium alloy carries out ultrasonic wave added connection, as shown in figure 28.The formation organized in welding process is divided into two stages: holding stage
And cooling stage.
(1) holding stage: when the welding temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is improved to 340 DEG C, due to applying to weld assembly
Ultrasonication is welded, 3 magnesium alloy of base material to be welded and the interface temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 will be above 340 DEG C, mother to be welded
3 magnesium alloy of material and intermediate reaction material layer 4 occur eutectic and liquefy to form articulamentum, and 3 magnesium alloy of base material to be welded is partly dissolved, even
It meets predominantly Mg and Zn in the liquid phase of layer generation and there are a small amount of Al, as shown in figure 29.Intermediate reaction material layer 4 is by magnesium alloy
Toward aluminum alloy square to partial melting, the intermediate reaction material layer 4 close to aluminum alloy side keeps solid-state.It is formed in articulamentum liquid phase
Mg is spread into the intermediate reaction material layer 4 of solid phase, is then reacted with the Zn in intermediate reaction material layer 4, such as formula 5-2
It is shown, MgZn2 compound layer is formed, as shown in figure 30.
Mg+2Zn → MgZn2 (5-2 formula)
The formation of MgZn2 compound can effectively be inhibited under the action of applying welding ultrasound.With past mother to be welded
3 aluminum alloy side of material moves closer to, and the content of Mg element gradually decreases, and a small amount of Mg is difficult to occur instead with intermediate reaction material layer 4
It answers, MgZn2 can only be formed in the interdendritic a small amount of α-Al and Zn, as shown in Figure 30.And in the whole welding process, to be welded
Zn element can be spread into α-Al faster in solid-state intermediate reaction material layer 4 under the action of connected components application welding ultrasound, α-
Zn content is continuously increased in Al, and the area former α-Al is caused to expand, as shown in figure 30.
(2) cooling stage: as shown in figure 31.On the one hand, the metal liquid of articulamentum solidifies in temperature-fall period forms Mg+
The eutectic structure of MgZn；On the other hand, it since the Zn content being dissolved in α-Al is higher, in temperature-fall period, can be precipitated in α-Al
Zn forms the eutectoid structure of Al+Zn.
And with the increase of Al content in intermediate reaction material layer 4, connect Mg+MgZn eutectic structure in rear joint and
MgZn2 compound layer, which reduces main cause, to be explained are as follows:
1) in welding process the formation of liquid phase mainly due to the eutectic reaction between Mg and Zn, with intermediate anti-
The increase of Al content in material layer 4 is answered, Zn content is reduced, and the molten metal of formation is mutually reduced, the Mg+MgZn eutectic formed after cooling
Tissue is reduced.
2) in Al/Mg heterogeneous alloy ultrasonic wave added welding process, with the increasing of Al content in intermediate reaction material layer 4
Add, on the one hand, Mg content lowers in the liquid phase of intermediate reaction material layer 4；On the other hand, in the solid phase of intermediate reaction material layer 4
Zn content reduces.Therefore, reduce in the MgZn2 compound layer that solid/liquid interfaces are formed.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the present invention
Thought, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application range, and the content of the present specification should not be construed as to the present invention
Limitation.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ultrasonic wave added welding method of Zn-Al alloy as the magnalium heterogeneous alloy of intermediate reaction material layer, including to
Welding base metal and intermediate reaction material layer, it is characterised in that: base material to be welded selects magnesium alloy and aluminium alloy, intermediate reaction respectively
Material layer selects Zn-Al system alloy；
The surface to be welded of base material to be welded is carried out mechanical grinding and ultrasonic cleaning by surface treatment step；
Assembling steps before welding, intermediate reaction material layer are located between the surface to be welded of two base materials to be welded, intermediate reaction material
The bed of material contacts to form contact surface with the weld interface of base material to be welded respectively, forms connected components to be welded, and connected components to be welded have assembled
At；
Connected components to be welded, are placed on the processing platform of ultrasonic welding system by upper machine fixing step, and compress Ultrasonic probe
On the top of connected components to be welded；Ultrasonic probe is applied into pressure, pressure value 0.1- to connected components longitudinal direction to be welded
0.2MPa；
Connected components reaction step to be welded is conducted ultrasonic wave is welded to be welded group under atmospheric environment by Ultrasonic probe
Part treats weld assembly and carries out load ultrasound and induction heating, welds the power control of ultrasonic wave in 200-500W, welding ultrasound
The frequency of wave is controlled in 10-30kHz, while passing through induction heating equipment heating intermediate reaction material layer, induction heating equipment function
Rate control controls the reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer in 200-250kHz in 4-6kW, the control of induction heating equipment frequency
At 335-345 DEG C, treating the weld assembly application welding ultrasonication time is 3-10 seconds；
Weld assembly completes step, cancels protecting going easy on weld assembly cancellation welding ultrasonic wave to intermediate reaction material layer, protects
It holds and treats weld assembly application pressure, be cooled to room temperature in atmospheric environment, obtain welding finished product.
2. a kind of ultrasound of the Zn-Al alloy according to claim 1 as the magnalium heterogeneous alloy of intermediate reaction material layer
Assist welding method, it is characterised in that: the Al content in the Zn-Al alloy of the intermediate reaction material layer is 5%-25%.
3. a kind of ultrasound of the Zn-Al alloy according to claim 2 as the magnalium heterogeneous alloy of intermediate reaction material layer
Assist welding method, it is characterised in that: wherein a base material to be welded selects 6160 aluminium alloys, in addition a mother to be welded
Material selects ME20M magnesium alloy.
4. a kind of ultrasound of the Zn-Al alloy according to claim 3 as the magnalium heterogeneous alloy of intermediate reaction material layer
Assist welding method, it is characterised in that: in the connected components reaction step to be welded, it is preferable that by the intermediate reaction material
The reaction temperature of layer is controlled at 340 DEG C, and treating the weld assembly application welding ultrasonication time is 3-5 seconds.
5. a kind of ultrasound of the Zn-Al alloy according to claim 4 as the magnalium heterogeneous alloy of intermediate reaction material layer
Assist welding method, it is characterised in that: in the connected components reaction step to be welded, connected components to be welded occur metallurgical reaction and formed
Articulamentum, from the base material magnesium alloy to be welded side to base material aluminum alloy side to be welded be sequentially formed with Mg+MgZn eutectic structure,
MgZn2 compound layer and α-Al solid solution layer.
6. a kind of ultrasound of the Zn-Al alloy according to claim 5 as the magnalium heterogeneous alloy of intermediate reaction material layer
Assist welding method, it is characterised in that: the middle part of the articulamentum to the base material aluminum alloy side to be welded includes Al+Zn's
Eutectoid structure.
7. magnalium heterogeneous alloy of a kind of Zn-Al alloy described in one of -6 as intermediate reaction material layer according to claim 1
Ultrasonic wave added welding method, it is characterised in that: in the surface treatment step, select 400-1500 mesh sand paper to described
The surface to be welded of base material to be welded is polished；It is in 90-100% acetone soln and to make that base material to be welded, which is placed in concentration,
It is cleaned by ultrasonic with cleaning ultrasonic wave, the ultrasonic cleaning time is 10-20 minutes.
8. a kind of ultrasound of the Zn-Al alloy according to claim 7 as the magnalium heterogeneous alloy of intermediate reaction material layer
Assist welding method, it is characterised in that: in the upper machine fixing step, set the pressure value of the Ultrasonic probe to
0.15MPa。
9. a kind of ultrasound of the Zn-Al alloy according to claim 8 as the magnalium heterogeneous alloy of intermediate reaction material layer
Assisting welding method, it is characterised in that: the base material to be welded includes upper substrate base material to be welded and lower substrate base material to be welded,
Upper substrate base material to be welded is placed in the upper surface of described intermediate reaction material layer, and lower substrate base material to be welded is placed in intermediate reaction
Below material layer, upper substrate base material to be welded is sized to 16mm*16mm*3mm, the size of lower substrate base material to be welded
It is set as 20mm*20mm*3mm.
10. a kind of ultrasound of the Zn-Al alloy according to claim 8 as the magnalium heterogeneous alloy of intermediate reaction material layer
Assist welding method, it is characterised in that: preferably, assembling steps before the welding weigh and are made into 95-105 μ m thick
The Zn-Al alloy of the intermediate reaction material layer, it is the to be welded of aluminium alloy that Zn-Al alloy, which is placed in the base material to be welded,
Face forms preliminary component, is conducted ultrasonic wave is precoated to preliminary component by the Ultrasonic probe, is added to preliminary component
Ultrasound and precoating heating are carried, precoats the power control of ultrasonic wave in 200-500W, the frequency for precoating ultrasonic wave is controlled in 10-
30kHz, while by precoating heating equipment heating Zn-Al alloy, precoating heating equipment power control is in 4-6kW, precoating heating
Device frequency is controlled in 200-250kHz, the temperature of Zn-Al alloy is heated to be higher by 20-50 DEG C of Zn-Al alloy fusing point, to first
Walking component to apply the precoating ultrasonication time is 2-4 second, and preliminary component polishes flat after cooled and solidified in air, is formed and is polished
Surface to be welded that remaining untreated base material to be welded is magnesium alloy and intermediate reaction material layer are polished flat whole face by burnishing surface
To patch, the connected components to be welded are formed.
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