CN111601706B - 具有包括液晶装置的复合结构的车窗板 - Google Patents

具有包括液晶装置的复合结构的车窗板 Download PDF

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CN111601706B
CN111601706B CN201880059160.XA CN201880059160A CN111601706B CN 111601706 B CN111601706 B CN 111601706B CN 201880059160 A CN201880059160 A CN 201880059160A CN 111601706 B CN111601706 B CN 111601706B
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glazing panel
liquid crystal
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M·布赫曼
J·迪特里希
S·洛伦茨
D·拜尔
S·迪特里希
D·布罗斯
S·李
B·K·全
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Webasto SE
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    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种车窗板,其包括板状的窗板结构体(16),所述窗板结构体(16)具有面向车辆周围环境的外侧和背向所述外侧的内侧,一复合结构(20)连接至所述窗板结构体,所述复合结构(20)具有层结构,所述层结构包括彼此叠置的多个层,这些层中的一个层包括液晶装置(28),所述液晶装置(28)包括两个膜(32、34)和位于这两个膜(32、34)之间的液晶单元(36),并且这些层中的另外一层是偏振层(30)。层结构中的至少一个层是补偿层,所述补偿层的面积小于液晶装置(28)的面积,因而液晶单元(36)的边缘部分比被补偿层覆盖的中央部分厚。

Description

具有包括液晶装置的复合结构的车窗板
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有权利要求1的前序部分的特征的车窗板。
背景技术
这种车窗板在实践中是已知的并且可以是机动车辆的可移动的或固定的顶棚元件。车窗板包括板状窗板结构体,所述板状窗板结构体通常由玻璃制成并形成顶棚元件的外层。窗板结构体在其内侧处设置有复合结构,所述复合结构包括作为功能层的可以电切换的液晶装置,从而限定车窗板的透明度。基于液晶装置的开关状态,车窗板要么基本上是透明的,要么基本上是不透明的,从而形成遮光装置。
此外,已知偏振层用作上述类型的车窗板中的另一功能层。偏振层在窗板的横向上具有与液晶装置相同的尺寸。此外,复合结构具有中间叠层,这些中间叠层建立功能层之间的连接以及与窗板结构体之间的连接。中间叠层的尺寸至少在整个液晶装置上延伸。
在上述车窗板的生产过程中,在复合结构暴露于限定的压力和温度下的层压过程之后,液晶单元的热膨胀和所用的材料中的不均匀性可能导致液晶单元中的光学缺陷,这些光学缺陷归因于液晶单元的材料的局部集中并被称为暗斑。它们也可以形成在车窗板的可见区域中,这会影响车窗板的外观。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种上述类型的车窗板,其中,在车窗板的可见区域中形成液晶单元的物质的局部集中的风险被降低。
根据本发明,该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的车窗板来实现。
本发明提出一种车窗板,所述车窗板包括板状窗板结构体,所述板状窗板结构体具有面向车辆周围环境的外侧和背向该外侧的内侧,一复合结构连接至所述窗板结构体,所述复合结构具有层结构,所述层结构包括彼此叠置的多个层,所述多个层中的一个层包括液晶装置,所述液晶装置包括两个膜以及设置在这两个膜之间的液晶单元,所述多个层中的另外的层有偏振层。层结构中的至少一个层是补偿层,所述补偿层的面积小于液晶装置的面积,因此,液晶单元具有厚度比被补偿层覆盖的中央部分大的边缘部分。
利用位移层,使液晶单元的材料有针对性地集中在边缘部分中,从而使光学缺陷或暗斑移动到所述边缘部分,而所述边缘部分优选地位于可见区域之外。这意味着在液晶单元的边缘部分中形成液晶储存部。这通过以下事实来实现:在复合结构的制造过程中,位移层在侧向上由空白区域限界,所述空白区域与液晶单元的相应边缘部分重叠。施加在液晶装置的边缘部分上的压力低于施加在中心部分处的压力,这使得液晶单元的材料在边缘部分中积聚并变厚。
位移层可以以不同的方式构造。例如,位移层由偏振层形成,在这种情况下,偏振层的面积小于液晶装置的面积并且偏振层在侧向上由复合结构中的空白区域限界。
在根据本发明的车窗板的一替代实施例中,位移层由附加层、特别是附加膜形成。可以将附加层设置在复合结构中的不同位置处。例如,附加层与液晶装置或偏振层相邻。如果偏振层设置在液晶装置的背离窗板结构体的一侧上,则附加层也可以设置在液晶装置与偏振层之间或板状窗板结构体与液晶装置之间。
在根据本发明的车窗板的一优选实施例中,附加层的厚度在10μm至500μm之间。该厚度足以实现液晶单元在边缘部分中的增厚。然而,与此同时,车窗板的总厚度并未显着增加。
此外,根据本发明的车窗板可以在其内侧上具有内部玻璃体,该玻璃体胶合到层结构上。在这种情况下,附加层也可以与内部玻璃体相邻。
所述复合结构的层结构优选通过粘合层、例如粘合膜连接至窗板结构体。
此外,层结构可以包括位于液晶装置与偏振层之间的粘合层。该粘合层也可以由粘合膜形成。
上述粘合层通常可以各自由丙烯酸酯层、热塑性聚氨酯层、环氧层、有机硅层、聚乙烯层、或交联材料层(例如乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB))制成。
同样地,使液晶单元的材料积聚在液晶单元的边缘部分中的附加层可以由丙烯酸酯层、热塑性聚氨酯层、环氧层、有机硅层,聚乙烯层、或交联材料层(例如乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB))制成。
液晶装置的未被位移层覆盖的边缘部分的宽度优选地在5mm至40mm之间。
此外,液晶装置可以通过边缘密封部来保护以免受环境状况的影响,边缘密封部限界层结构的周向边缘。边缘密封部可以由膜结构构成,所述膜结构的材料可以与上述附加层和粘合层的材料相同。
根据本发明的车辆窗板的窗板结构体可以具有三维弯曲。例如,在顶棚窗板的情况下,窗板结构体可在两个方向上、即沿车辆的横向方向和纵向方向具有弯曲,所述弯曲的曲率半径均在1000mm至10000mm之间,优选在2000mm至5000mm之间,所述曲率半径可以在弯曲的进程中改变,即在相应的方向上不一定必须是恒定。
根据本发明的车窗板的液晶装置可以在较宽的温度范围内以大约一秒钟的短切换时间操作。另外,低电压可能足以致动液晶装置。作为交流电压的电压尤其可以低于30V。交流电压的频率例如为60Hz,但是根据期望的液晶排列速度也可以具有更高的频率并且可以高达100至120Hz或更低。
此外,当断电时,液晶装置提供了非常低的透射率,对于可见光的透射率可以低于1%。液晶装置的颜色例如是灰色,但是可以通过混合染料来定制。
特别地,根据本发明的车辆窗板是相应的车辆的顶棚元件。顶棚元件可以是刚性地连接到相应的车辆的车身的固定顶棚元件或者是形成天窗装置的盖元件的可移动顶棚元件。
根据本发明的车窗板所设置的窗板内部结构体可以以与窗板结构体以相同的方式构造并且由例如厚度为大约1.5mm至2.6mm的玻璃构成。在根据本发明的车窗板的一特定实施例中,窗板内部结构体由薄玻璃制成,该薄玻璃是柔性的并由此可以适应于板状窗板结构体的可能的弯曲。薄玻璃可以是化学预应力玻璃,其厚度例如在0.1mm至1.5mm之间。
优选地,根据本发明的车窗板的偏振层具有与液晶单元在断电时的偏振方向成直角定向的偏振方向。在这种情况下,接通状态与透射状态关联。然而,偏振层的偏振方向也可以平行于液晶单元在断电时的偏振方向,这意味着在这种情况下,整个装置处于透射状态。
位移层如果特别构造成附加层,则优选具有与液晶装置的膜的折射率对应的折射率。以这种方式,可以至少在某种程度上抵消光在穿过车窗板期间的多次折射。
在根据本发明的车窗板的一优选实施例中,液晶装置包括单一个液晶单元,该液晶单元至少在很大程度上在整个液晶装置上延伸并且覆盖车窗板的可能的可见区域。
根据本发明的车窗板的一个特定实施例附加地包括光导层,所述光导层可以是光源或者经由其边缘连接至光源。可以在生产车窗板的过程中以一步法将光导层与包含液晶装置的复合结构结合在一起,所述光导层可以构成用于相应的车辆的内部的照明系统。特别地,光导层可以是相应的车辆的所谓的环境照明系统的一部分。也即,在该实施例中,将可切换的液晶装置的功能与表面照明系统、特别是环境照明系统的功能结合在一起。有利地,可以分开地且独立地控制光导层和液晶装置,即,可以以如下方式切换光导层和液晶装置:使得液晶装置进入其透射状态或进入其阻挡状态并且光导层被照亮或没有被照亮。
光导层优选位于车窗板的背离车辆周围环境的一侧上,这意味着光导层在被激活时从相应的车辆内部是可见的,这与液晶装置的开关状态无关。
可以是弯曲的并形成车窗板的内部可见表面的光导层可以由任何合适的材料制成。特别地,光导层可以包括平面玻璃体,所述平面玻璃体也可以形成车窗板的窗板内部结构体。
在根据本发明的车窗板的一替代实施例中,光导层可以包括塑料膜和/或塑料板。这尤其对于车窗板的重量优化是有利的。
为了实现特定的照明特性,光导层可以具有尤其是由纳米颗粒形成的散射中心并且还可以具有印刷部和/或折射层。
从说明书、附图和权利要求书中,本发明主题的其它优点和有利实施例是显而易见的。
附图说明
在附图中以示意性简化的方式示出了根据本发明的车窗板的实施例,并将在下面的描述中予以更详细的说明。
图1是具有根据本发明的车窗板的车辆顶棚的平面图。
图2是车窗板的剖视图,示出了车窗板的层结构。
图3是车窗板的第二实施例的剖视图。
图4是车窗板的第三实施例的剖视图。
图5是车窗板的第四实施例的剖视图。
图6是车窗板的第五实施例的剖视图。
图7是车窗板的第六实施例的剖视图。
图8是车窗板的第七实施例的剖视图。
图9是车窗板的第八实施例的剖视图。
图10是车窗板的第九实施例的剖视图。
图11是车窗板的第十实施例的剖视图。
图12是车窗板的第十一实施例的剖视图。
图13是车窗板的第十二实施例的剖视图。
图14是车窗板的第十三实施例的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了机动车辆(未详细示出)的车辆顶棚10。车辆顶棚10是全景天窗,其设置有可移动的盖元件12和相对于车身不可移动的固定顶棚元件14。盖元件12和固定顶棚元件14均被构造成玻璃元件并由此分别形成一车窗板。此外,盖元件12和固定顶棚元件14均具有相同的层结构,该层结构设置有遮光装置并且在图2中详细示出。
分别形成车窗板的顶棚元件12和14均包括由玻璃板制成的窗板结构体16,该玻璃板在顶棚的纵向和横向上弯曲并形成相应的车窗板的外层,所述外层暴露向车辆周围。每个车窗板在其内侧处均包括窗板内部结构体18,所述窗板内部结构体也由弯曲的玻璃板制成。窗板结构体16和窗板内部结构体18均具有约2.0mm的厚度。
复合结构20布置在窗板结构体16与窗板内部结构体18之间,所述复合结构20经由TPU粘合膜22连接至窗板结构体16并经由TPU粘合膜24连接至窗板内部结构体18。此外,复合结构20包括由液晶装置28和偏振层30形成的遮光装置26。液晶装置28包括两个由PET或聚碳酸酯构成的透明膜32和34,在这两个透明膜之间布置有单一个液晶单元36。上述两个透明膜32和34各自具有约100μm的厚度。为了能够在透射状态和阻挡状态之间切换液晶单元36,将导电层于膜32和34的内侧上集成在液晶装置28中,这些导电层通过相应的接触部(未示出)连接至所关联的车辆的车载电系统。优选地,在导电层上设置相应的配向层,所述配向层限界液晶单元26。这些配向层用于在断电状态下对液晶单元26的晶体进行预配向并可以均由聚酰亚胺或UV固化的丙烯酸酯制成。
由TPU构成的粘合层38布置在偏振层30和液晶装置28之间。
附加层40在背离窗板结构体16的一侧上连接至液晶装置28,附加层40的背离窗板结构体16的一侧与粘合膜24相邻并形成位移层。附加层40是由热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)制成的附加膜,其厚度为约100μm。从图2中可以进一步看到,附加层40的面积小于液晶装置28、偏振层30、粘合膜22和24以及粘合层38的面积。因此,在复合结构20的接合过程中,在液晶装置28的周向边缘部的下方形成有周向空白空间42,所述周向空白空间42具有下述作用:由附加层40施加在液晶装置28上的压力使液晶单元36在位于空白空间42上方的边缘部分中的厚度大于其在被附加层40覆盖的中央部分中的厚度。这意味着液晶储存部44形成在液晶单元36的边缘部分中形成,这是因为液晶材料积聚在此处。空白空间42具有大约30mm的宽度并位于车窗板的透明区域之外。
此外,车窗板设有边缘密封部46,所述边缘密封部46保护液晶装置28和复合结构20不受环境状况的影响。
在用于制造车窗板的层压过程之后,由于在该过程中所作用的压力和温度,空白空间42可以至少部分地被粘合膜24的材料以及(如果存在的话)附加层40的材料填充。
图3示出了窗板装置50的一替代实施例,该窗板装置50基本上对应于图2的窗板装置,但是不同之处在于:去耦层52在空白空间42的区域中连接至液晶装置28的下膜34,去耦层52的作用在于防止粘合膜24的聚氨酯粘附到液晶装置28上。
在其它方面,窗板装置50对应于图2的窗板装置。
图4示出窗板装置60,其同样在很大程度上对应于图2的窗板装置,但是不同之处在于:偏振层30具有与附加层40的尺寸相对应的面积或尺寸。因此,偏振层30也被空白空间62包围,这意味着偏振层30也用作位移层并且液晶储存部44形成在液晶单元36的边缘部分中。
图5示出了窗板装置70的另一实施例,其基本上对应于图2的窗板装置,但是不同之处在于:形成位移层的附加层40布置在液晶装置28的顶部上。也即,附加层40设置在偏振层30和液晶装置28之间。在其它方面,窗板装置70对应于图2的窗板装置。
图6示出了窗板装置80的又一实施例,其基本上对应于图5的窗板装置,但是不同之处在于:在布置于液晶装置28的顶部上的附加层40与偏振层30之间没有布置附加的粘合层。取而代之的是,面积小于偏振层30和液晶装置28的附加层40形成这两个功能层之间耦合层。
图7示出了窗板装置90的再一实施例,该窗板装置90大体上对应于图4的窗板装置,但是不同之处在于它没有附加层。取而代之的是,偏振层30单独形成导致形成液晶储存部44的位移层。
图8示出了一种窗板装置100,该窗板装置100在很大程度上对应于图2的窗板装置,但是不同之处在于附加层40与窗板内部结构体18相邻,而没有与液晶装置28直接相邻。此外,由热塑性聚氨酯构成的粘合层102布置在附加层40和液晶装置28之间。类似于上述实施例,形成位移层的附加层40由空白空间42界定,所述空白空间在接合复合结构20时使液晶储存部44形成于液晶单元36的边缘部分中。在其它方面,窗板装置100对应于图2的窗板装置。
图9示出了窗板装置110,该窗板装置110是图2和图5所示窗板装置的组合并在液晶装置28的下方和顶部上各具有一附加层40,附加层40形成位移层并被空白空间42界定,所述空白空间42有利于在其边缘部分中形成加厚的液晶单元36,即,由于附加层40施加到中央部分上的压力而在液晶单元36的边缘部分中形成液晶储存部44。
在其它方面,窗板装置110对应于图2和5的窗板装置。
图10示出了另一种窗板装置120,其在很大程度上对应于图7的实施例,但是不同之处在于:偏振层30与液晶装置28的上膜32直接接触。再次,偏振层30形成位移层,该位移层由于面积小于液晶装置28的面积而被空白空间62包围,所述空白空间使液晶储存部44形成在液晶单元36的边缘部分中。在其它方面,窗板装置120对应于图7的窗板装置。
图11示出了一种窗板装置130,其在很大程度上对应于图8的实施例,但是不同之处在于:偏振层30的面积等于附加层40的面积。TPU粘合膜132也布置在与偏振层30侧向相邻并与中空空间42在法向方向上对平的复合结构部分中,中空空间42与附加层40相邻。此外,液晶装置28没有延伸到边缘密封部46。相反,在液晶装置28的侧边缘与边缘密封部46之间布置由TPU膜构成的周向带134。在其它方面,窗板装置130对应于图8的窗板装置,这是参考图8的描述的原因。
图12示出了一种窗板装置140,该窗板装置140大体上对应于图11的窗板装置,但是不同之处在于:在粘合层102和窗板内部结构体18之间附加地布置有粘合膜24,粘合膜24也是由TPU制成。在其它方面,窗板装置140对应于图11的窗板装置。也就是说,偏振层30具有等于附加层40的面积的面积。
图13示出了一种窗板装置150,该窗板装置150大体上对应于图11的窗板装置,但是与图11的实施例的不同之处在于:窗板装置150和图9的实施例一样具有第二附加层40,但是该第二附加层40设置在粘合膜22(图中的上粘合膜)与外窗板结构体16之间。相应地,下附加层或内附加层40布置在粘合层102和窗板内部结构体18之间并且与粘合层102和窗板内部结构体18直接相邻。上/外附加层40在周向上由空白空间42界定并且其面积等于下附加层40的面积。偏振层30的面积等于液晶装置28的面积。对应地,偏振层30的周向边缘由TPU膜132界定。在其它方面,窗板装置150对应于图11的窗板装置。
图14示出了一种窗板装置160,该窗板装置160大体上对应于图13的实施例,但是不同之处在于:复合结构20具有分别与外窗板结构体16和窗板内部结构体18相邻的附加粘合膜24和162。粘合膜24和162由TPU制成,并且粘合膜24和162的面对液晶装置28的内侧与相应的附加层40直接相邻,附加层40是位移层。在其它方面,窗板装置160的结构对应于图13的结构。
附图标记列表
10 车辆顶棚
12 盖
14 固定顶棚元件
16 窗板结构体
18 窗板内部结构体
20 复合结构
22 粘合膜
24 粘合膜
26 遮光装置
28 液晶装置
30 偏光器层
32 膜
34 膜
36 液晶单元
38 粘合层
40 附加层
42 空白空间
44 液晶储存部
46 边缘密封部
50 窗板装置
52 去耦层
60 窗板装置
62 空白空间
70 窗板装置
80 窗板装置
90 窗板装置
100 窗板装置
102 粘合层
110 窗板装置
120 窗板装置
130 窗板装置
132 TPU膜
134 带
140 窗板装置
150 窗板装置
160 窗板装置
162 粘合膜

Claims (21)

1.一种车窗板,其包括板状的窗板结构体(16),所述窗板结构体(16)具有面向车辆周围环境的外侧和背向所述外侧的内侧,一复合结构(20)连接至所述窗板结构体,所述复合结构(20)具有层结构,所述层结构包括彼此叠置的多个层,这些层中的一个层包括液晶装置(28),所述液晶装置(28)包括两个膜(32、34)和位于这两个膜(32、34)之间的液晶单元(36),并且这些层中的另外一层是偏振层(30),其特征在于,所述层结构中的至少一个层是位移层,所述位移层的面积小于液晶装置(28)的面积,因而液晶单元(36)的边缘部分比被位移层覆盖的中央部分厚。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车窗板,其特征在于,所述位移层由所述偏振层(30)形成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的车窗板,其特征在于,所述位移层由附加层(40)形成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车窗板,其特征在于,所述附加层(40)与所述液晶装置(28)相邻。
5.根据权利要求3所述的车窗板,其特征在于,所述附加层(40)与所述偏振层(30)相邻。
6.根据权利要求3所述的车窗板,其特征在于,所述附加层(40)位于所述液晶装置(28)与所述偏振层(30)之间。
7.根据权利要求3所述的车窗板,其特征在于,所述附加层(40)的厚度在10μm至500μm之间。
8.根据权利要求1至2、4至7中任一项所述的车窗板,其特征在于,所述车窗板具有胶接至所述层结构的窗板内部结构体(18)。
9.根据利要求3所述的车窗板,其特征在于,所述车窗板具有胶接至所述层结构的窗板内部结构体(18)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的车窗板,其特征在于,所述附加层(40)与窗板内部结构体(18)相邻。
11.根据权利要求1至2、4至7、9至10中任一项所述的车窗板,其特征在于,所述层结构包括用于连接至窗板结构体(16)的粘合层(22)。
12.根据权利要求1至2、4至7、9至10中任一项所述的车窗板,其特征在于,所述层结构包括位于液晶装置(28)与偏振层(30)之间的另外的粘合层(38)。
13.根据权利要求11所述的车窗板,其特征在于,所述粘合层(22)由下述材料制成:丙烯酸酯层;热塑性聚氨酯层;环氧层;有机硅层;聚乙烯层;或交联材料层。
14.根据权利要求12所述的车窗板,其特征在于,所述另外的粘合层(38)由下述材料制成:丙烯酸酯层;热塑性聚氨酯层;环氧层;有机硅层;聚乙烯层;或交联材料层。
15.根据权利要求3所述的车窗板,其特征在于,所述附加层(40)由下述材料制成:丙烯酸酯层;热塑性聚氨酯层;环氧层;有机硅层;聚乙烯层;交联材料层;或透明塑料膜。
16.根据权利要求1至2、4至7、9至10、13至15中任一项所述的车窗板,其特征在于,所述液晶单元(36)的边缘部分的宽度在5mm至40mm之间。
17.根据权利要求1至2、4至7、9至10、13至15中任一项所述的车窗板,其特征在于,所述层结构具有周向边缘,所述周向边缘被边缘密封部环绕。
18.根据权利要求3所述的车窗板,其特征在于,所述位移层由附加膜形成。
19.根据权利要求13或15所述的车窗板,其特征在于,交联材料层是乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)层或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)层。
20.根据权利要求15所述的车窗板,其特征在于,所述透明塑料膜由聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、聚碳酸酯(PC)或环状烯烃共聚物(COC)构成。
21.根据权利要求17所述的车窗板,其特征在于,所述边缘密封部由膜结构构成。
CN201880059160.XA 2018-12-20 2018-12-20 具有包括液晶装置的复合结构的车窗板 Active CN111601706B (zh)

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