CN116330796A - 具有液晶单元和光源的车窗板 - Google Patents

具有液晶单元和光源的车窗板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116330796A
CN116330796A CN202211657826.6A CN202211657826A CN116330796A CN 116330796 A CN116330796 A CN 116330796A CN 202211657826 A CN202211657826 A CN 202211657826A CN 116330796 A CN116330796 A CN 116330796A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
glazing
crystal device
light source
glazing panel
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Pending
Application number
CN202211657826.6A
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English (en)
Inventor
R·帕斯夸雷利
J·施拉布
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Webasto SE
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Webasto SE
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Publication of CN116330796A publication Critical patent/CN116330796A/zh
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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Abstract

提出一种车窗板，该车窗板包括窗板外体(18)及窗板内体(20)、可切换的液晶装置(22)以及光源(28)，该液晶装置布置在该窗板外体(18)与该窗板内体(20)之间并且包括两个衬底层，在这些衬底层之间布置有至少一个液晶单元(38)，该光源的光可耦入到该窗板内体(20)中。该液晶装置(22)的面向该窗板内体(20)的衬底层具有光学结构(40)，通过操纵该光源(28)使该光学结构可见。

Description

具有液晶单元和光源的车窗板
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括窗板外体及窗板内体、可切换的液晶装置以及光源的车窗板。
背景技术
这种类型的车窗板例如由文献DE 10 2019 102 025 A1已知，并且包括复合构造，该复合构造具有窗板外体及窗板内体，所述窗板外体及窗板内体可以分别由玻璃板形成。
窗板外体形成存在于车辆外侧上的可见面。窗板内体形成面向车辆内室的可见面。在窗板外体与窗板内体之间布置有液晶装置，该液晶装置包括液晶单元，该液晶单元布置在两个薄膜之间。液晶装置用作遮光器件，该遮光器件的透光性可以通过施加电压来改变。光源以LED的形式布置在窗板内体的边缘上，该光源的光可耦入到窗板内体中。窗板内体形成导光层并且可以因此用于照亮车辆内室或者也可以用于光效应。特定的光学结构或图案不能够借助光源和窗板内体来展示。
发明内容
本发明所基于的任务在于，提供一种根据开头提到的类型所构造的车窗板，借助该车窗板能够产生照明图案。
根据本发明，该任务通过一种包括窗板外体及窗板内体、可切换的液晶装置以及光源的车窗板来解决。
即，根据本发明提出一种车窗板，该车窗板包括窗板外体及窗板内体、可切换的液晶装置以及光源，该液晶装置布置在该窗板外体与该窗板内体之间并且包括两个衬底层，在这些衬底层之间布置有至少一个液晶单元，该光源的光可耦入到该窗板内体中。该液晶装置的面向该窗板内体的衬底层具有光学结构，通过操纵该光源使该光学结构变得可见。
即，在根据本发明的车窗板中可以基于在相对于车辆内室而言位于内部的衬底层上的光学结构来产生光图案。通过该衬底层上的光学结构，为了在光源激活的情况下产生光图案不需要对可能拱曲的窗板体进行附加的加工或者印刷(Bedruckung)并且不需要将附加的层集成到尤其为复合构造的构造中，该构造由窗板内体、窗板外体和可切换的液晶装置构成。光学结构布置在复合构造的本已存在的层上、具体说在液晶装置的位于内部的衬底层上。对液晶装置的位于内部的衬底层的相应加工可以以简单的方式实现。
液晶装置可以是所谓的PDLC装置，该PDLC装置包括聚合物分散的液晶层。PDLC装置的特征在于，液晶以小液滴的形式嵌入到固体聚合物或聚合物基质中以构造液晶单元。可以通过施加电压将液晶定向，由此能够将光的透射设定为穿过车窗板。替代地，液晶装置的液晶单元也可以是常见的液晶单元，在该液晶单元中可以通过以施加电压使浊化(Eintrübung)来设定透射特性或者说透光性。
原则上，液晶装置可以在其阻断状态中通过浊化而构造为不透明的，该液晶装置在该阻断状态中基本上是不透光的。在浊化的状态中，该液晶装置可以是白色的或者也可以具有其他颜色，例如灰色或者黑色。
通过激活光源可以使光学结构变得可见，该光学结构符合目的地布置在相关衬底层的面向车辆内室的一侧上并且可以构造为该衬底层的局部涂层或者印刷。对尤其薄膜状的衬底层的印刷可以根据所谓的薄膜印刷方法(Filmdruckverfahren)或者所谓的R2R(Rolle zu Rolle，卷对卷)方法进行，所述薄膜印刷方法或者R2R方法不能被应用在窗板内体的印刷中。在光源未激活的状态中，构造为印刷或者涂层的光学结构可以是透明、部分透光的或者也可以是不透明的。
在根据本发明的车窗板的一种替代实施方式中，光学结构可以构造为相关衬底层的在面向车辆内室的一侧上的蚀刻结构或者沟槽结构。蚀刻结构可以以化学的方式在利用适合的掩薄膜和/或激光的情况下产生，沟槽结构可以以机械的和/或物理的方式在使用适合的工具的情况下、例如借助激光器产生。
此外，液晶装置可以尤其在面向窗板外体的一侧上具有涂层，该涂层对于红外辐射具有反射性或者是所谓的Low-E(Emissivity，比辐射率)涂层，该Low-E涂层减小车窗板的辐射度，并且用作隔热层和/或防日光层。
根据本发明的车窗板的光源尤其包括一个或者多个LED。也可考虑，光源实施为所谓的LED条或者LED带，所述LED条或LED带沿着相关的窗板内体边缘。替代地，光源也可以布置在其他位置上，使得该光源的光可以例如经由布置在窗板内体上的棱镜耦入。
为了实现根据本发明的车窗板或该其复合构造具有尽可能少的层，液晶装置优选经由第一粘接层与窗板外体连接，并且经由第二粘接层与窗板内体连接。因此一方面存在液晶装置到窗板外体上的直接附接，另一方面存在液晶装置到窗板内体上的直接附接。粘接层优选分别由在光学上各向同性的材料制造并且可以分别包括粘接材料，该粘接材料基于热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、环氧化物、硅和/或聚乙烯制造。
为了可以将液晶单元在其透射状态之间进行切换，液晶装置的衬底层符合目的地分别在其面向液晶单元的一侧上包括尤其是透明、导电的涂层，该涂层形成液晶装置的电极并且可以由所谓的ITO(Indiumzinnoxid，氧化铟锡)涂层形成。
液晶装置在其面上包括多个切换部段，这些切换部段优选可借助适合的控制电子装置单个地被操控，使得能够视用户期望而定地彼此分开地对液晶装置的特定的切换部段在其透射状态之间进行切换。可以通过两个衬底层中的至少一个衬底层的导电涂层的蚀刻结构和/或由激光产生的结构来限定所述切换部段。用于制造切换部段的激光结构方法也可以同时被用于产生液晶装置的相关衬底层的光学结构。
液晶装置的衬底层优选分别由一层的或者多层的塑料薄膜形成，这些塑料薄膜尤其包括PET(Polyethylenterephthalat，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)薄膜。这样的薄膜可以是透明的薄膜或者也可以是经着色的薄膜，并且使得能够实现对具有特别好的光效应特性的光学结构的构造。
本发明主题的其他优点和有利构型能够从说明书、附图和优选实施方式中得出。
附图说明
在附图中示意性地简化示出具有根据本发明的车窗板的车辆顶部的实施例并在以下描述中更详细地阐述。附图：：
图1：具有车窗板的车辆顶部的示意性俯视图；
图2：通过根据图1的车窗板的示意性剖面；
图3：通过该车窗板的液晶装置的剖面的放大的示意图；
图4：通过根据本发明的车窗板的液晶装置的一种替代实施方式的相应于图3的剖面。
具体实施方式
图1示出在其他方面未进行详细表示的机动车的车辆顶部10。车辆顶部10是全景顶部，该全景顶部包括可调整的盖元件12和固定顶部元件14，该固定顶部元件固定且不可动地与车辆车身连接。可相对于车辆车身调整的盖元件12及固定顶部元件14分别包括玻璃元件，该玻璃元件为车窗板并且构造为复合安全玻璃(VSG)，该复合安全玻璃设置为具有环境灯光功能。盖元件12的和固定顶部元件14的玻璃元件具有彼此相应的构造，该构造在图2和图3中更详细地表示。
如可从图2和图3中得出的那样，顶部元件12和14的玻璃元件分别通过复合构造16形成，该复合构造包括窗板外体18和窗板内体20。窗板外体18由拱曲的玻璃板形成，该玻璃板例如由着色的钠钙玻璃制造。替代地，窗板外体18也可以由塑料元件、例如由聚碳酸酯元件构成。窗板内体20可以同样由无机玻璃、例如钠钙玻璃或者由聚合物、例如聚碳酸酯制造。
在窗板外体18与窗板内体20之间布置有被用作遮光器件的液晶装置22，该液晶装置具有多层式构造，并且该液晶装置经由由PVB、EVA和/或TPU构成的粘接层24直接附接到窗板外体18上并经由由PVB、EVA和/或TPU构成的粘接层26直接附接到窗板内体20上。
在窗板内体20的边缘上布置有构造为LED灯条的光源28，该光源的在其激活时发出的光可耦入到窗板内体20中，使得该窗板内体形成导光层。相应的光源可以附加地布置在窗板内体20的背离光源28的边缘上。
如可从图3得出的那样，液晶装置22包括面向窗板外体18的上衬底层30和面向窗板内体20的下衬底层32。在由PET和/或PVB制造的衬底层30和32的内侧上分别构造有ITO层34或36，该ITO层是透明且导电的并且因此形成液晶装置22的对应的电极。在两个ITO层34和36之间布置有液晶单元38，该液晶单元构造为所谓的PDLC层，并且可以通过将电场施加到ITO层34和36上在透光的通透状态与基本上不透光的、浊化的阻断状态之间被切换。
面向窗板内体20的下衬底层32在其面向窗板内体20的外侧上具有光学结构40，该光学结构通过衬底层32的局部涂层或者印刷形成。
光学结构40为如下图案：在操纵光源28和由此引起的、从光源28发出的光耦入到窗板内体20中的情况下，该图案从车辆内室可见。
在图4中示出根据本发明的车窗板的一种替代实施方式的液晶装置22'。液晶装置22'基本上相应于根据图3的液晶装置，但与根据图3的液晶装置区别于：液晶装置22'在面向窗板内体20的下衬底层32的背离液晶单元38的外侧上具有光学结构40'，该光学结构通过衬底层32的外侧上的激光蚀刻结构形成。即，光学结构40'通过衬底层32的凹槽或凹陷部产生，并且形成如下光学图案：在激活布置在窗板内体20的边缘上的光源28的情况下，该图案从车辆内室可见。
此外，衬底层32在其背离光学结构40'的一侧上承载例如由ITO层36'形成的、透明的电极，该电极与构造在上衬底层30上的、同样通过ITO层34形成的电极一起限界液晶单元38。ITO层36'是分段的，使得液晶单元38的各个格区(Feld)可通过相应的控制电子装置被操控并且可以选择性地在通透状态与阻断状态之间切换。对电极或ITO层36'的分段通过中断部或者说空隙42进行，所述中断部或空隙为蚀刻结构并且根据激光蚀刻方法制造在ITO层36'中。
附图标记列表
10 车辆顶部
12 盖元件
14 固定顶部元件
16 复合构造
18 窗板外体
20 窗板内体
22、22'液晶装置
24 粘接层
26 粘接层
28 光源
30 衬底层
32 衬底层
34 ITO层
36、36'ITO层
38液晶单元
40、40'光学结构
42空隙

Claims (9)

1.一种车窗板，所述车窗板包括窗板外体(18)及窗板内体(20)、可切换的液晶装置(22，22')以及光源(28)，所述液晶装置布置在所述窗板外体(18)与所述窗板内体(20)之间并且包括两个衬底层(30，32)，在这些衬底层之间布置有至少一个液晶单元(38)，所述光源的光可耦入到所述窗板内体(20)中，其特征在于，所述液晶装置(22，22')的面向所述窗板内体(20)的衬底层(32)具有光学结构(40，40')，通过操纵所述光源(28)使所述光学结构变得可见。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车窗板，其特征在于，所述光学结构(40)包括相关衬底层的局部涂层或者印刷。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车窗板，其特征在于，所述光学结构(40')包括相关衬底层的蚀刻结构或者沟槽结构。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的车窗板，其特征在于，所述衬底层(30，32)分别包括聚合物薄膜，所述聚合物薄膜尤其包括PET。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的车窗板，其特征在于，所述液晶装置(22，22')经由第一粘接层(24)直接与所述窗板外体(18)连接，并且经由第二粘接层(26)直接与所述窗板内体(20)连接。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的车窗板，其特征在于，所述光源(28)布置在所述窗板内体(20)的边缘上。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的车窗板，其特征在于，所述衬底层(30，32)分别在其面向所述液晶单元(38)的一侧上承载尤其是透明、导电的涂层，所述涂层形成所述液晶装置(22，22')的电极。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的车窗板，其特征在于，所述液晶装置(22')在其面上具有多个切换部段。
9.根据权利要求8结合权利要求7所述的车窗板，其特征在于，通过所述两个衬底层(32)中的至少一个衬底层的所述导电涂层的蚀刻结构(42)来限定所述切换部段。
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