CN111591010A - 低振动滚筒 - Google Patents

低振动滚筒 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111591010A
CN111591010A CN202010096130.5A CN202010096130A CN111591010A CN 111591010 A CN111591010 A CN 111591010A CN 202010096130 A CN202010096130 A CN 202010096130A CN 111591010 A CN111591010 A CN 111591010A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
drum
layer
cylinder
range
compressible
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Granted
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CN202010096130.5A
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English (en)
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CN111591010B (zh
Inventor
M·施维茨
U·穆勒
K·本尼恩克
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Flint Group Germany GmbH
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Flint Group Germany GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种设置用于包括至少一个中空滚筒的应用的滚筒(10)，该滚筒(10)具有层式结构，该层式结构从内到外依次包括基层(12)或滚筒芯部、第一可压缩层(14)、填充层(16)、中间层(18)、第二可压缩层(20)和外层(22)，该外层形成滚筒的侧面。本发明还涉及包括至少一个这样的滚筒(10)以及另外的滚筒的装置。

Description

低振动滚筒
技术领域
本发明涉及一种滚筒/圆筒，该滚筒被设置用于或适用于包括至少一个中空滚筒的应用，并且包括具有硬质外层的层式结构，该硬质外层形成滚筒的侧面。
本发明还涉及包括至少两个这样的滚筒的装置。
背景技术
柔版印刷是凸版印刷工艺，其中高度流动性的印刷油墨从印刷版的凸起部分转移到基材/衬底上。柔版印刷的一个特征是使用柔性印刷版，从而允许印刷大量基材(纸张、纸板、薄膜)。除胶版印刷和凹版印刷外，柔版印刷是包装行业中最重要的印刷工艺之一。
对于柔版印刷机，在多滚筒与中心滚筒印刷机之间进行区分。在中心滚筒印刷机的情况下，各个印刷单元围绕中心滚筒布置，基底幅材在中心滚筒上通过。在多滚筒印刷机的情况下，各个印刷单元串联布置。印刷单元由印版滚筒、用于将印版上墨的雕刻辊、以及印刷油墨从其中转移到雕刻辊上的油墨槽组成。最简单的是，印版滚筒由钢辊组成，柔版印版粘附在该钢辊上。
柔版印刷相对于其它印刷工艺的一大优势是其格式可变性。通过使用钢滚筒作为具有不同直径的印版滚筒，可以印刷不同的格式。本领域技术人员使用的术语是重复长度。重复长度对应于当印版滚筒完整旋转一圈时的印刷长度。然而，更换笨重的钢滚筒很耗时。因此，现在可以获得可用以借助适配套筒更简单地改变重复长度的柔版印刷机。适配套筒接合在钢滚筒上。常规适配套筒的壁厚范围为7mm至300mm。随后接合在适配套筒上的是印刷套筒，其承载通常预先安装的印版。现在，适配套筒和印刷套筒通常也称为套筒。套筒由塑料制成。它们明显比相应的钢滚筒轻，因此可以在印刷机中更容易地更换。
套筒的结构通常如下(从内到外)：
在薄的GRP材料层(GRP＝玻璃纤维增强塑料)上的是薄的可压缩层，其又由第二GRP材料薄层覆盖。该层系统允许借助压缩空气使套筒膨胀，并且在下文中称为GRP基座套筒。GRP基座套筒通常具有1mm至4mm的厚度。施加至GRP基座套筒的是聚氨酯泡沫层，其厚度为几毫米至几厘米。该层的功能是建立层厚度，或产生所需的重复长度。通常，聚氨酯泡沫层带有另外的薄GRP层或薄外层，以确保套筒的机械和化学稳定性。
为了确保适配套筒易于接合，印版滚筒可具有排出压缩空气流的空气孔。由于压缩空气，建立了气垫，从而扩大了适配套筒的内径，并且适配套筒在印版滚筒上滑动。如果停止供给空气，则适配套筒夹在印版滚筒上并牢固地固定在其上。
为了允许将印刷套筒套穿/推套到适配套筒上，适配套筒同样通常包含空气传导系统。在现有技术中，这里存在两种已知的系统。要么从印版滚筒直接传导压缩空气(桥系统)，要么存在到适配套筒的端面之一的单独的空气连接(Airo系统)。
在桥系统的情况下，适配器具有从适配套筒内部延伸到适配套筒外部的空气通道，从而允许从印版滚筒出现的压缩空气也在适配套筒上产生气垫。由EP 1 263 592 B1得知根据桥系统的适配套筒。
为了在不损害印刷图像的情况下实现高印刷速度，在印刷过程中滚筒的振动应尽可能小。为此，滚筒应具有良好的阻尼性能。滚筒的振动和阻尼特性尤其取决于其质量和所用材料的物理特性。弹性模量尤其影响材料表现出的抗变形性，因此影响该材料的阻尼性能。
由WO 2017/089221 A1得知一种套筒，该套筒具有尺寸稳定且不透液体的外层以及多个内层。内层包括作为最内层的基于玻璃纤维增强塑料的基层；可压缩层；和堆积层。除了端面之外，套筒还具有由不透液材料构成的环，利用该环将端面封闭。
DE 10 2014 220 850 A1描述了一种印刷套筒，其具有内层和外层，外层直接与内层接触。内层是具有玻璃纤维增强的可压缩层。外层的外侧被设计为印刷表面。
EP 3 189 976 A2公开了一种印刷套筒，其具有由可拉伸材料制成的基层、利用可熔聚合物帘线增强的层和印刷表面层。在热处理过程中，可熔聚合物帘线会熔化。可以另外在增强层中嵌入不溶性帘线，并且可以在基层与增强层之间设置包括非熔断帘线的又一层。
由EP 2051856已知一种具有集成的气体通道的适配套筒。适配套筒具有基层、增强层、阻挡层和表面层。基层可以由金属或聚合物制成。增强层是泡沫聚氨酯层，其中集成了气体通道。阻挡层可以被实施为纤维增强的聚合物材料。表面层包含聚合物，例如聚氨酯。
WO 2005/110751 A1和WO 2005/111725 A1公开了具有基础套筒、缓冲层、阻挡层和可光聚合层的印刷套筒。此处的基础套筒和缓冲层对适合于固化可光聚合层的辐射是透明的。
US 2004/0103976 A1描述了一种印刷套筒，其具有纤维增强的薄壁基础套筒、设置在其上的可压缩层以及可成像层。
由WO 99/36270和US 5,860,360得知具有内聚合物层、包含纤维的增强层、聚合物中间层、缓冲层和外聚合物层的套筒。内聚合物层的硬度在65至90邵氏A的范围内。缓冲层的硬度在25至55邵氏A的范围内。在各个层之间可以设置有另外的粘合剂层。
发明内容
提出了一种滚筒，该滚筒被设置用于或适用于包括至少一个中空滚筒的应用，该滚筒具有层式结构，该层式结构从内到外依次包括基层或滚筒芯部、第一可压缩层、填充层、中间层、第二可压缩层和外层，该外层形成滚筒的侧面。
该滚筒可以被构造为实心滚筒或中空滚筒。
如果被构造为实心滚筒，则该滚筒包括滚筒芯部，滚筒的层式结构的其它层设置在该滚筒芯部上。滚筒芯部在实施时中可以是实心的，或者可替代地也可以具有空腔。
如果被构造为中空滚筒，则滚筒具有作为其最内层的基层，滚筒的层式结构的其它层设置在该基层上。
该滚筒可以被构造为印版滚筒。印版滚筒的可能的实施例包括其作为中空滚筒或作为实心滚筒的构型，并且印版滚筒特别是被设置为在印版滚筒的侧面上容纳印刷套筒和/或适配套筒。
滚筒可以被构造为适配套筒或印刷套筒。在这种情况下，滚筒通常是中空滚筒，其中基层的内部限制/限定/界定中空滚筒。印刷套筒优选是柔版或平版印刷套筒。在这种情况下，印刷套筒的外层被设置成或特别合适允许将印版粘附到外层上。
滚筒优选具有至少一个另外的中间层，在这种情况下，所述至少一个另外的中间层设置在第一可压缩层与填充层之间和/或第二可压缩层与外层之间。
因此，例如，滚筒可以具有层式结构，该层式结构从内到外依次包括基层或滚筒芯部、第一可压缩层、第一另外的中间层、填充层、中间层、第二可压缩层、第二另外的中间层和硬质外层。
滚筒可以包括至少一个通道，该至少一个通道设置在滚筒内部并与滚筒的侧面上的开口连通，和/或与滚筒的端面上的开口或连接部连通，和/或——如果滚筒被设计为具有基层的中空滚筒——与中空滚筒的内侧或端面上的开口连通。在这种情况下，所述至少一个通道优选地平行于滚筒轴线设置。
例如，被构造为实心滚筒的滚筒在一个端面上包括用于压缩空气的连接部，该连接部经由所述至少一个通道与滚筒的侧面上的开口连通。这种滚筒尤其可以被构造为印版滚筒。在侧面上出现的压缩空气有利于一个或多个中空滚筒的安装，例如另外的适配套筒或印刷套筒的安装。侧面中的开口可以以在外层中的一个或多个圆形、有缝或成角度的开口的形式设计，或者被设计为多孔材料，或者被设计为具有高比例的开口的材料。
被构造为中空滚筒的滚筒例如可在其内侧上具有开口，所述开口经由所述至少一个通道与滚筒的外侧面上的开口连通。中空滚筒的内侧上的开口可以用作进气口。这样，从印版滚筒提供的压缩空气可以被引导到外侧上的开口。这种中空滚筒尤其可以被构造为适配套筒。
在这种情况下，中空滚筒的内侧上的进气口或开口可以以基层中的一个或多个圆形、有缝或成角度的开口的形式设计，或者被设计为多孔材料，或者被设计为具有高比例的开口的材料。在这种情况下，进气口优选地位于适配套筒的一侧的在沿着适配套筒的长度方向看去时的前三分之一处，并且该侧优选是面向使用者的一侧。
如果将压缩空气引导到适配套筒的外侧表面，则这有利于安装一个或多个另外的中空滚筒，例如安装另一个适配套筒或印刷套筒。适配套筒外侧上的开口可以例如以外层中的一个或多个圆形、有缝或成角度的开口的形式设计，或者被设计为多孔材料，或者被设计为具有高比例的开口的材料。
为了使一个区域具有多孔和透气构型，不仅可以使用多孔材料，而且可以使用单位面积的开口比例高的材料。这样的材料可以具有筛状、格栅状、鳍状或缝状的开口。
所述至少一个通道可设置在填充层中。在这种情况下，通道可以例如以填充层中的孔或缝隙的形式设计，并且优选地可以轴向地延伸，换句话说平行于滚筒的轴线延伸。此外，通道可以被构造为软管的形式，该软管被嵌入在填充层中。在另外的实施例中，所述至少一个通道也可以设置在滚筒的一个或多个其它层中。为了将通道连接到滚筒中的开口，可以设置一个或多个径向孔。
滚筒具有包括多层的层式结构，下面将对其进行阐述。
基层/中间层
在构造滚筒时，基层将滚筒向内侧封闭。基层赋予滚筒稳定性，并且代表了施加层系统的其它层的基础。如果滚筒是实心滚筒，则使用滚筒芯部而不是基层。
基层、中间层和/或所述至少一个另外的中间层的材料优选地是纤维增强的塑料。
在这种情况下，塑料优选选自包括聚酯、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、环氧化物、酚醛树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、乙烯基酯树脂、苯酚-甲醛树脂、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯树脂、(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂、氨基树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、脲醛树脂及其组合的群组。
用于增强塑料的纤维优选选自包括玻璃纤维、陶瓷纤维、碳纤维及其组合的群组。
合适的纤维尤其是那些具有至少为50GPa的拉伸弹性模量的纤维，其中用于增强塑料的常规纤维的拉伸弹性模量在大约60GPa至约700GPa的范围内。
合适的聚合物纤维的示例尤其是聚酰胺纤维、聚芳酰胺纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、聚乙烯纤维和聚氨酯纤维。
基层、中间层和/或所述至少一个另外的中间层的厚度优选在0.5mm至5mm的范围内。更优选地，该厚度在0.7mm至4mm的范围内，非常优选地在0.9mm至4mm的范围内，并且最优选地在1mm至2mm的范围内。
尤其是当滚筒被构造为适配套筒或印刷套筒时，基层的厚度优选小于1mm。由此实现的效果是，基层可以通过暴露于例如压缩空气的力来膨胀。基层的膨胀增大了中空滚筒的内径，从而有利地促进了其接合在另一适配套筒或印版滚筒上。
基层、中间层和/或所述至少一个另外的中间层的硬度优选地在60邵氏D至99邵氏D的范围内。更优选地，该硬度在65邵氏D至95邵氏D的范围内，非常优选地在70邵氏D至95邵氏D的范围内，并且最优选地在80邵氏D至95邵氏D的范围内。
基层、中间层和/或所述至少一个另外的中间层优选具有在10GPa至1000GPa范围内的弹性模量。弹性模量更优选地在20GPa至900GPa的范围内，非常优选地在30GPa至800GPa的范围内，并且最优选地在40GPa至640GPa的范围内。弹性模量的这种表述是指沿着基本上与塑料中的纤维的取向相对应的方向的测量值。
基层、中间层和/或所述至少一个另外的中间层优选具有在0.9g/cm3至3g/cm3的范围内的密度。更优选地，该密度在1g/cm3至2.8g/cm3的范围内，非常优选地在1.1g/cm3至2.4g/cm3的范围内，并且最优选地在1.1g/cm3至2.1g/cm3的范围内。
滚筒芯部
如果滚筒被实施为实心滚筒，则滚筒芯部构成滚筒的层式结构的另外的层的基础。滚筒芯部可以实心形式实施，或者可替代地也可以具有空腔。
滚筒芯部的合适材料例如是纤维增强材料、钢、不锈钢、铜、铝、铬、合金和/或其复合材料，或这些材料的组合。
第一/第二可压缩层
滚筒中的可压缩层使滚筒能够适应作用在滚筒上的压缩力。另外，可压缩层对滚筒振动有阻尼作用。第一可压缩层特别是用于补偿下面的层的部分上的膨胀。
第一可压缩层和/或第二可压缩层的材料优选地选自弹性实心材料、弹性泡沫、填充有中空球体的材料以及这些材料的组合。
弹性材料例如选自橡胶、胶乳、乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、苯乙烯-异戊二烯共聚物、聚氨酯、聚醚-酰胺、硅橡胶或其组合。合适的胶乳的示例是聚酯-氨基甲酸酯橡胶。弹性泡沫例如选自聚氨酯泡沫、聚酯-聚氨酯泡沫、环氧泡沫、硅酮泡沫以及这些泡沫中的两种或更多种的组合。
第一可压缩层和/或第二可压缩层的厚度优选在0.1mm至10mm的范围内。更优选地，该厚度在0.5mm至4mm的范围内，非常优选地在0.7mm至4mm的范围内，并且最优选地在1mm至3.5mm的范围内。
第一可压缩层和/或第二可压缩层的硬度优选地在15邵氏A至80邵氏A的范围内。更优选地，该硬度在10邵氏A至70邵氏A的范围内，非常优选地在25邵氏A至60邵氏A的范围内，最优选地在25邵氏A至50邵氏A的范围内。
第一可压缩层和/或第二可压缩层的密度优选地在0.1g/cm3至1.2g/cm3的范围内。更优选地，该密度在0.1g/cm3至1.1g/cm3的范围内，非常优选地在0.1g/cm3至1g/cm3的范围内，并且最优选地在0.2g/cm3至0.9g/cm3的范围内。
第一可压缩层和/或第二可压缩层的弹性模量优选地在滚筒的所有层中最低。
填充层
滚筒的填充层可用于将滚筒的外径调节至规定值。如果需要大的滚筒直径，则可以相应地增大填充层的厚度，反之，如果需要小的滚筒直径，则可以减小填充层的厚度。
填充层的材料优选是硬质泡沫。
填充层的密度优选地在0.05g/cm3至0.8g/cm3的范围内。更优选地，该密度在0.1g/cm3至0.8g/cm3的范围内，非常优选地在0.1g/cm3至0.7g/cm3的范围内，最优选地在0.2g/cm3至0.6g/cm3的范围内。
硬质泡沫优选是聚氨酯泡沫、环氧泡沫、硅酮泡沫、聚乙烯泡沫、聚苯乙烯泡沫、聚乙烯对苯二甲酸酯泡沫。硬质泡沫优选地具有低密度，其优选地在0.05g/cm3至0.8g/cm3的范围内。
填充层的厚度优选地在1mm至200mm的范围内。更优选地，该厚度在1mm至180mm的范围内，非常优选地在2mm至150mm的范围内，并且最优选地在4mm至100mm的范围内。
填充层的硬度优选在10邵氏D至60邵氏D的范围内。更优选地，该硬度在20邵氏D至55邵氏D的范围内，非常优选地在35邵氏D至45邵氏D的范围内，并且最优选地在30邵氏D至45邵氏D的范围内。
外层
外层将滚筒向外封闭，并提供了可在其上容纳另外的滚筒的表面。外层的表面可以具有粗糙或光滑的构型，并且优选是极其光滑的，以便使中空滚筒易于滑动。外层优选是尺寸稳定的或坚硬的。
外层的材料优选选自金属、陶瓷、非增强塑料、增强塑料以及这些材料中的两种或更多种的组合。
用于外层——其也可以用纤维增强——的合适塑料的示例包括聚氨酯、环氧树脂、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯基酯、聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物。
用于增强外层的塑料的纤维优选地选自包括玻璃纤维、陶瓷纤维、碳纤维及其组合的群组。此外，特别合适的是结合基层描述的纤维。
外层的弹性模量优选地在0.1GPa至10GPa的范围内。更优选地，该弹性模量在0.5GPa至8GPa的范围内，非常优选地在1GPa至7GPa的范围内，并且最优选地在1GPa至5GPa的范围内。
外层的厚度优选地在0.1mm至50mm的范围内。更优选地，该厚度在0.5mm至30mm的范围内，非常优选地在0.7mm至20mm的范围内，并且最优选地在1mm至15mm的范围内。
外层的硬度优选在60邵氏D至99邵氏D的范围内。更优选地，该硬度在70邵氏D至95邵氏D的范围内，非常优选地在80邵氏D至95邵氏D的范围内，并且最优选地在85邵氏D至95邵氏D的范围内。
层式结构
滚筒的层式结构的各个层优选地彼此直接邻接。另一种可能性是在两层之间设置增粘剂或粘合剂，以改善各层之间的粘合。
在层式结构中，优选选择各层的厚度，使得基层、中间层和外层的厚度之和与可压缩层的厚度之和的比率在0.01至400的范围内，并且更优选地在0.1至100的范围内。附加地或替代地，优选在0.1至10的范围内并且更优选地在0.3至3的范围内选择第一可压缩层与第二可压缩层的厚度比。
优选地将第一可压缩层和第二可压缩层的硬度选择为，使得这些层比基层或滚筒芯部、中间层和外层软。
优选地，可压缩层的硬度小于填充层的硬度，填充层的硬度小于或等于基层或滚筒芯部和中间层的硬度，并且外层的硬度可以在所有层中最大。最硬的层优选是纤维增强层。
具有所提出的层式结构的所提出的滚筒具有良好的振动性能。滚筒振动特性的重要因素是发生共振的频率以及共振程度。滚筒的阻尼性能也很重要，使得滚筒振动得到强烈的衰减，因此它们的振幅会受到限制，并且滚筒适合在高印刷速度下使用。此外，滚筒优选地不表现出具有可以在印刷过程中被激发的频率的共振。
在滚筒的共振低于600Hz的情况下，滚筒针对500m/min或更高的印刷速度的振动挠度足以使它在印刷中可见。为了实现高印刷速度，滚筒的共振频率优选大于900Hz。
此外，滚筒对作用在滚筒上的震动有很强的阻尼作用。在此，优选在利用质量为390g、到支点的长度为245mm且偏转为30°的测试锤激发时，滚筒的共振振动表现出至多3m/s2的加速度值。
由于阻尼作用，滚筒振动呈指数衰减。因此，可以通过以下公式来描述描述衰减行为的滚筒振动A(t)的包络线：
A(t)＝A0e-dt
其中A0是时刻t＝0处的振动幅度，d是衰减常数。在这种情况下，滚筒优选地构造成使得衰减常数d的值为0.15＜d＜0.95。
如果衰减常数d小于0.15，则在印刷测试中在某些速度下可以感觉到共振。如果d大于0.95，则观察到被构造为适配套筒的滚筒随着速度提高而表现出更多的振动。
本发明的又一方面涉及一种装置，该装置包括本文描述的中空滚筒之一以及设置在中空滚筒的侧面上的至少一个另外的本文描述的中空滚筒。作为设置在中空滚筒的侧面上的另外的中空滚筒的补充或替代，可以在中空滚筒的内部设置所述的印版滚筒之一或本文描述的中空滚筒的另外一个中空滚筒。
本发明还涉及一种装置，其中印刷套筒设置在本文描述的滚筒之一的侧面上或本文描述的装置的最外侧滚筒的侧面上。
根据本发明的装置的示例特别是包括具有印版滚筒、设置在其上的适配套筒和设置在其上的印刷套筒的装置。又一些示例包括其上设置有印刷套筒的适配套筒和其上设置有适配套筒的印版滚筒。
附图说明
图1以剖视图示出了具有层式结构的中空滚筒，
图2示出了用于确定(中空)滚筒的振动行为的测量装置的示意性表示，
图3示出了(中空)滚筒的振动频谱，
图4示出了第一(中空)滚筒的衰减行为图，以及
图5示出了第二(中空)滚筒的衰减行为图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了被实施为中空滚筒的滚筒10。滚筒10具有层式结构，该层式结构从内到外依次具有基层12、第一可压缩层14、填充层16、中间层18、第二可压缩层20和外层22。
在其它实施例中，滚筒10也可以被构造为实心滚筒，在这种情况下，使用滚筒芯部代替基层12。此外，另外的中间层可以任选地分别设置在第一可压缩层与填充层之间以及第二可压缩层与外层之间。
图2示出了用于研究滚筒10的振动行为的测量装置100。在此，滚筒10的振动行为特别是通过发生共振的频率来确定。此外，相应的共振程度对于滚筒的性能很重要。
为了确定项目，换句话说，共振的频率及其程度，将进行研究的滚筒10插入到测量装置100中。将测量传感器102固定在滚筒10上。测量装置100还包括锤104，用于以限定的震动对滚筒10进行受控激发。
测量传感器102例如被构造为加速度传感器，并且被设置为测量在震动之后在滚筒10中激发的振动。为此目的，将测量传感器102的测量数据传输到测量单元106，在此对其进行存储和分析。
示例：
摆锤冲击试验
为了使用参考图2描述的测量装置100进行测量，将被构造为适配套筒的中空滚筒接合在配合的钢滚筒上。将测量传感器102在12点钟处(即在顶侧)固定在适配器长度的1/4处。在3点钟处，即在与测量传感器102偏移90°处，使用锤104在相同的长度位置处进行敲击。这种敲击会影响测量。锤104的质量为390g，并且到支点的长度为245mm。为了在滚筒10上产生规定的震动，将锤104偏转30度然后释放。锤104的头部由刚性塑料制成，因此被测滚筒10不会损坏。
使用配备Omnitrend软件2.91版(DB Prüftechnik)和配合的测量传感器IPC100mV/g(DB Prüftechnik)的VIBXpertII仪器进行以下试验，用蜡将测量传感器固定在所研究的滚筒上。
通过捕获由于锤击而引起的加速度的时间曲线来测量共振频率，所述加速度通过测量传感器102进行测量。随后例如借助于傅立叶变换或数值变换通过测量单元106对时间信号进行频率分析。
滚筒的共振是通过敲击试验经由5次测量(five-fold measurement)在2Hz至6400Hz的频率范围内以0.25Hz的分辨率进行测量的。通过加速度测量，可以在1Hz至10000Hz的整体频率范围内以65.5kHz的采样率并在450ms的时间内利用一次测量来测量时间曲线或振动衰减。
时间曲线显示了振动衰减的速度。为此，分析时间曲线的测量值。
通过曲线拟合将包络指数函数
A(t)＝A0e-dt
拟合至测量值本身。在这种情况下，振幅A0是在时间t＝0的最大加速度。衰减常数d决定该指数函数下降的速度，其中随着d变得越大，指数函数下降的速度越快。A0越小，指数函数下降越快，滚筒中的阻尼越大。
图4和图5示出了该时间范围内的加速度测量的示例。分别在Y轴上绘制了加速度A，单位为m/s2，在X轴上绘制了时间t，单位为ms。
图4示出了对被构造为适配套筒的第一滚筒的加速度测量的第一示例。第一适配套筒具有为0.9的高衰减常数d，并且在测量开始时测得的加速度为850m/s2。
图5示出了对被构造为适配套筒的第二滚筒的加速度测量的第二示例。第二适配套筒具有为0.1的高衰减常数d，并且在测量开始时测得的加速度为1350m/s2。
从图4和图5的图示中可以看出，由于较大的衰减常数d，第一适配套筒的振动比在第二适配套筒的情况下衰减得更快。
印刷试验
另外，将所生产的滚筒在印刷机上进行试验，并对获得的印刷图像进行评估。对于这些试验，所使用的印刷机是配备电晕处理(Soma spol.s r.o.)、厚度为1.12mm的Flexcell NX印版(柯达)和FlexPrint MV品红色墨水(Flint Group)、厚度为20μm且宽度为1300mm的BOPP的Soma Optima 2。在375m/min和500m/min的印刷速度下评估印刷结果。在此，印刷结果总体上应该是良好的，另外，在幅材中心与幅材边缘之间应该仅出现轻微的差异。在高振动滚筒的情况下，在中部与边缘之间观察到很大的差异。如果良好(小振动)，则将结果评估为+，如果不良，则将结果评估为-；对于介于两者之间的结果，将其评估为0。
对于下面表2中列出的测量结果，生产本发明的各种滚筒和具有不同层序列的比较例，并根据上述测量和评估进行研究。表1描述了它们的构造。
在此，缩写PEUR表示密度约为400kg/m3、抗张强度＞3.5N/mm2、断裂伸长率＞330％的聚酯-聚氨酯橡胶。缩写GRP表示玻璃纤维增强的聚酯树脂，而CRP表示碳纤维增强的聚酯树脂。
表1
Figure BDA0002385417150000141
表2
Figure BDA0002385417150000151
附图标记列表
10 滚筒
12 基层
14 第一可压缩层
16 填充层
18 中间层
20 第二可压缩层
22 外层
100 测量装置
102 测量传感器
104 锤
106 测量单元

Claims (17)

1.一种设置用于包括至少一个中空滚筒的应用的滚筒(10)，所述滚筒(10)具有层式结构，所述层式结构从内到外依次包括：
-基层(12)或滚筒芯部，
-第一可压缩层(14)，
-填充层(16)，
-中间层(18)，
-第二可压缩层(20)，和
-外层(22)，
所述外层(22)形成所述滚筒(10)的侧面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滚筒(10)，其特征在于，所述滚筒(10)具有至少一个另外的中间层，所述至少一个另外的中间层设置在所述第一可压缩层(14)与所述填充层(16)之间和/或所述第二可压缩层(20)与所述外层(22)之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的滚筒(10)，其特征在于，所述滚筒(10)包括至少一个通道，所述至少一个通道设置在所述滚筒的内部并与所述滚筒(10)的侧面上的开口连通和/或与所述滚筒(10)的端面上的开口或连接部连通，以及/或者如果所述滚筒(10)被设计为具有基层(12)的中空滚筒，所述至少一个通道与所述中空滚筒的内侧上的或端面上的开口连通。
4.根据权利要求3所述的滚筒(10)，其特征在于，所述至少一个通道设置在所述填充层(16)中。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的滚筒(10)，其特征在于，所述基层(12)、所述中间层(18)和/或所述至少一个另外的中间层的材料是纤维增强塑料。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的滚筒(10)，其特征在于，所述基层(12)、所述中间层(18)和/或所述至少一个另外的中间层的厚度在0.5mm至5mm的范围内。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的滚筒(10)，其特征在于，所述第一可压缩层(14)和/或所述第二可压缩层(20)的厚度在0.1mm至10mm的范围内。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的滚筒(10)，其特征在于，所述基层(12)、所述中间层和所述外层(22)的厚度之和与所述可压缩层(14，20)的厚度之和的比率在0.01至400的范围内。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的滚筒(10)，其特征在于，所述第一可压缩层(14)的厚度与所述第二可压缩层(20)的厚度之比在0.1至10的范围内。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的滚筒(10)，其特征在于，所述填充层(16)的厚度在1mm至200mm的范围内。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的滚筒(10)，其特征在于，所述外层(22)的厚度在0.1mm至50mm的范围内。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的滚筒(10)，其特征在于，在用质量为390g、到支点的长度为245mm、偏转为30°的测试锤(104)激发时，所述滚筒(10)的共振振动具有至多3m/s2的加速度值。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的滚筒(10)，其特征在于，所述滚筒(10)的振动呈指数衰减，衰减常数d的值为0.15<d<0.95。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的滚筒(10)，其特征在于，所述滚筒(10)被构造为印版滚筒。
15.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的滚筒(10)，其特征在于，所述滚筒被构造为适配套筒或印刷套筒，使得所述滚筒是中空滚筒，其中所述基层的内部界定所述中空滚筒。
16.一种装置，包括根据权利要求15所述的中空滚筒以及至少一个设置在所述中空滚筒的侧面上的另外的中空滚筒，和/或根据权利要求14所述的印版滚筒或设置在中空滚筒内部的另外的根据权利要求15所述的中空滚筒。
17.一种装置，其特征在于，被构造为中空滚筒的印刷套筒设置在根据权利要求14或15所述的滚筒(10)的侧面上或根据权利要求16所述的装置的最外侧滚筒(10)的侧面上。
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