CN111587959A - Growing-finishing pig low-protein feed and feed additive for improving pig carcass quality - Google Patents
Growing-finishing pig low-protein feed and feed additive for improving pig carcass quality Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a growing-finishing pig low-protein feed and a feed additive for improving pig carcass quality, wherein the growing-finishing pig low-protein feed is added with 500U/kg-10000U/kg of acidic phytase and 500U/kg-10000U/kg of neutral phytase. Compared with the conventional low-protein feed, the low-protein feed can reduce the thickness of the back fat of growing-finishing pigs, improve the lean meat percentage, improve the carcass quality, eliminate the adverse effect of the conventional low-protein feed on the carcass quality of the pigs, and is favorable for the popularization and application of the low-protein feed technology in production.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a pig feed and a feed additive, in particular to a growing-finishing pig low-protein feed and a feed additive for improving the quality of pig carcass.
Background
With the increase of population and the improvement of living standard of people, the demand of animal food is more and more increased. Since the 'vegetable basket engineering' was carried out in the last eighties of China, the animal husbandry has been developed rapidly, the problem of animal food supply is basically solved, but at the same time, the new problems of shortage of protein feed resources, cultivation environment pollution and the like are increasingly prominent. At present, the domestic yield of soybean which is the processing raw material of the protein feed raw material soybean meal with the largest dosage in the breeding industry is seriously insufficient, and the import is mainly relied on. In 2017, the total soybean demand in China including the breeding industry reaches 11079 ten thousand tons, the annual output in China does not exceed 1500 ten thousand tons, and 9553 ten thousand tons of soybeans are imported all year round. In addition, the animal protein feed raw materials such as fish meal and the like are additionally imported in China every year.
The pollution problem of the culture environment is also acute and severe. According to the measurement and calculation, 1 ten thousand pig farms excrete feces and urine respectively in 3800 tons and 10000 tons. Breeding pollutants such as feces and urine contain a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus. According to 'national environmental yearbook' of 2016, the ratio of total nitrogen emission in cultivation to total nitrogen emission in agriculture is increased from 62.79% in 2011 to 64.5% in 2015, and the total phosphorus emission is increased from 75.56% in 2011 to 77.79% in 2015. The nitrogen and the phosphorus are discharged into the environment along with the excrement and sewage, which can cause water eutrophication, soil hardening, groundwater pollution and the like.
In order to protect the environment, the state has come out of strict regulations, and the pollution control pressure of the farm is huge. The phenomenon of stealing and discharging of the culture pollutants sometimes occurs. The method reduces the level of crude protein in the feed by applying the latest research progress of subjects such as animal nutrition, feed science and the like and the development achievements of related industries such as feed additives and the like, and is an effective way for relieving the problems of shortage of protein feed resources and pollution to the culture environment in China. The protein level of the feed crude protein is reduced by 1 percent, the soybean meal consumption can be reduced by 2.3 percent, and only pig industry in China can save more than 500 ten thousand tons of soybean meal consumption, which is equivalent to more than 600 ten thousand tons of soybean; the nitrogen content in the manure is reduced by more than 6 percent, and the pressure of rear-end pollution treatment can be greatly reduced.
At present, the industry has no unified definition on low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs. In production practice, the crude protein level of pig feed in China is generally high, and on the contrary, the energy level is slightly insufficient. Therefore, from the application point of view, the feed with the crude protein content lower than the crude protein content index specified by Chinese pig feeding standard (NY/T65-2004) or American NRC (1998) pig nutrition requirement can be regarded as the low-protein feed for the pig. In the Chinese pig feeding standard (NY/T65-2004), the crude protein contents of the feed at the stages of weight of 20-35kg, 35-60kg and 60-90kg are respectively 17.8%, 16.4% and 14.5%; in the nutrition requirement of the NRC (1998) pig, the crude protein content of the feed is respectively 18%, 15.5% and 13.2% in stages of 20-50kg, 50-80kg and 80-120kg of body weight. In 2018, in order to promote the technical application of low-protein feed, save protein feed resources and reduce the pollution of breeding environment, the Chinese feed industry Association formulates and releases a group standard of piglet and growing-finishing pig compound feed, wherein the crude protein contents of the feed in the standard are respectively 14-16%, 13-15%, 11-13.5% and 10-12.5% in the stage of 20-50kg, 50-75kg, 75-100kg and 100kg of body weight and marketing. Therefore, the feed with the feed crude protein content lower than the upper limit of the team standard under the national conditions of China can be regarded as low-protein feed without doubt, namely the feed crude protein content is respectively lower than 16%, 15%, 13.5% and 12.5% in the stage of export of 20-50kg, 50-75kg, 75-100kg and 100kg of body weight.
Although it is generally considered that the feed crude protein level is reduced by 2-4 percentage points on the basis of amino acid balance at present, and the production performance of pigs is not obviously influenced, the negative influence is generated on the carcass quality of slaughtered pigs in the market, the lower the feed crude protein level, the more obvious the negative influence is, the main expression is backfat thickness increase, lean meat percentage reduction and the like, and the negative influence is also an important reason for restricting the popularization and application of the low-protein feed. The excessive intake of fat is closely related to the occurrence of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and the like. Therefore, the pork with high backfat and fat is not popular with consumers, and the carcass is poor in grade at slaughterhouses, so that the economic benefit is influenced. When the feed formula is designed, the energy index adopts a net energy system, so that the adverse effect of reducing the feed crude protein level on the pig carcass quality can be relieved to a certain extent, but other ways for improving the pig carcass quality fed with the low-protein feed still need to be explored, so that the popularization and application of the low-protein feed technology are promoted, and the problems of shortage of protein feed resources and culture environment pollution are promoted to be solved.
Phytic acid is the main storage form of phosphorus in plant seeds, accounts for 30-80% of the total phosphorus content, and is commonly present in plant feeds. The digestive tracts of monogastric animals, livestock and aquatic animals lack enzymes capable of degrading phytic acid, and do not utilize phytate phosphorus, so that inorganic phosphate has to be supplemented by feed to meet the phosphorus requirement of animal growth and metabolism. The phytate phosphorus which can not be used by animals is discharged out of the body along with the excrement and degraded by microorganisms, thus causing phosphorus pollution to the environment such as water body and the like. Phytase is an orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase which catalyzes the hydrolysis of phytic acid to gradually release phosphate groups to form lower inositol phosphate derivatives. Phytases can be classified into acid phytases, neutral phytases and alkaline phytases according to the optimum pH of the enzyme. In order to adapt to the acidic environment of the stomach of the livestock and poultry of the monogastric animals, the acidic phytase is favored and developed by researchers. The phytases used in the animal husbandry are all acidic phytases. A large number of researches show that the addition of the acidic phytase in the feed for the pigs and poultry can reduce the phosphorus discharge amount in the manure by 30-50%, has important significance for reducing the environmental phosphorus pollution, and shows wider and wider application prospects. Some countries have regulated by legislation that phytases must be added to feed. The fish is divided into gastric fish and non-gastric fish, crucian, carp, grass carp and the like belong to the non-gastric fish, catfish, snakehead and the like belong to the gastric fish, and most of the fish have no stomach. The pH value of the digestive tract of the stomach-free fish is neutral, and the acid phytase is difficult to play a role. In order to improve the utilization rate of phytate phosphorus in the feed for the gastric-free fish and reduce the environmental pollution of water, researchers develop novel neutral phytase, and the novel neutral phytase is popularized and applied in aquatic feeds at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of carcass quality reduction caused by feeding low-protein feed to pigs, the application provides the growing-finishing pig low-protein feed for improving the carcass quality of pigs.
The growing-finishing pig low-protein feed for improving the quality of pig carcasses comprises 500U/kg-10000U/kg of feed acidic phytase and 500U/kg-10000U/kg of feed neutral phytase.
Optionally, the low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs comprises at least one of:
the low-protein feed with the weight of 25-50kg has the crude protein content of less than or equal to 15 percent;
the low-protein feed with the weight of 50-75kg has the crude protein content less than or equal to 14 percent;
the low-protein feed with the weight of 75-100kg has the crude protein content less than or equal to 12 percent;
the weight is 100 kg-the low-protein feed in the slaughtering stage, the content of crude protein is less than or equal to 11 percent;
the low protein feed of each stage is added with 500U/kg feed-10000U/kg feed acid phytase and 500U/kg feed-10000U/kg feed neutral phytase.
The application also provides a feed additive for improving the carcass quality of pigs fed with low-protein feed, which comprises acidic phytase and neutral phytase; the acid phytase is added into a low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs by 500U/kg to 10000U/kg of feed; the neutral phytase is added into low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs by 500U/kg feed to 10000U/kg feed.
Compared with the prior art, the method has at least one of the following advantages:
(1) by adopting the low-protein feed or the low-protein feed containing the feed additive, precious protein feed resources can be saved and the problem of shortage of protein feed resources can be alleviated due to the reduction of the content of crude protein in the feed, particularly, the import dependence of soybeans is reduced, and the food safety in China is guaranteed;
(2) by adopting the low-protein feed or the low-protein feed containing the feed additive, the content of crude protein in pig manure can be reduced, nitrogen emission of breeding industry to the environment is reduced, and the ecological environment is protected;
(3) compared with the conventional low-protein feed, the low-protein feed or the low-protein feed containing the feed additive can reduce the thickness of the back fat of growing and fattening pigs, improve the lean meat percentage, improve the carcass quality, eliminate the adverse effect of the conventional low-protein feed on the carcass quality of the pigs, and is favorable for the popularization and application of the low-protein feed technology in production.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
After the growing-finishing pigs are fed with low-protein feed, because the protein intake is reduced, the concentrations of protein, peptide, amino acid and the like in the pig digestive tract, blood, interstitial fluid, cells and other environments can be influenced to different degrees, and then the metabolic processes of nutrient substances such as protein, fat and the like of the body are influenced through various ways, and finally the quality of the carcasses is adversely influenced. Therefore, various measures are taken to improve the digestibility of the protein in the low-protein feed, make up for the deficiency of protein intake, and hopefully improve the carcass quality of pigs fed with the low-protein feed. Phytic acid in plant feeds is a typical anti-nutritional factor from the viewpoint of animal nutrition and feed science, and not only phosphorus contained in the plant feeds cannot be utilized by animals, but also the plant feeds can be combined with nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates and polyvalent metal ions and digestive enzymes such as amylase, protease and lipase to influence the digestion and absorption of the nutrients. The phytase can specifically degrade phytic acid and improve the digestibility of nutrients such as phosphorus, protein, carbohydrate, metal ions and the like. The optimum pH value of the acidic phytase is in an acidic range, and the acidic phytase is suitable for playing a role in the acidic environment of the pig stomach, but is difficult to continue playing a role due to the nearly neutral pH value after chyme enters the small intestine; in contrast, neutral phytases have an optimum pH around neutral, the small intestine being the best site for their action, and the acidic environment of the stomach being detrimental to their action. Based on the above, the inventor creatively provides a new idea of jointly applying the acidic phytase and the neutral phytase in the low-protein feed, and efficiently degrading the anti-nutritional factor phytic acid in the stomach and the small intestine and increasing the phosphorus and the Fe respectively2+、Zn2+The digestibility of nutrients such as polyvalent metal ions, protein, carbohydrate and the like, and the nutrients can play a role in vivo through various ways, thereby improving the carcass quality of the growing-finishing pigs fed with the low-protein feed. At present, no research report and patent about the combined application of the acidic phytase and the neutral phytase in the feed are found. The growing-finishing pig of the application is lowOne of the purposes of the protein feed is to solve the problems of carcass quality reduction and the like caused by popularization and application of a low-protein feed technology in pig production.
Feed additive for improving pig carcass quality of low-protein feedIncluding acidic and neutral phytases; adding the acid phytase into a low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs by 500-10000U/kg of feed; the neutral phytase is added into low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs by 500U/kg feed to 10000U/kg feed.
The low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs comprises at least one of the following components:
the low-protein feed with the weight of 25-50kg has the crude protein content of less than or equal to 15 percent;
the low-protein feed with the weight of 50-75kg has the crude protein content less than or equal to 14 percent;
the low-protein feed with the weight of 75-100kg has the crude protein content less than or equal to 12 percent;
the weight is 100 kg-the low-protein feed in the slaughtering stage, the content of crude protein is less than or equal to 11 percent;
the acidic phytase and the neutral phytase are added into the feed at each stage according to the addition amount.
Further: the low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs comprises at least one of the following components:
the content of crude protein is more than or equal to 13 percent and less than or equal to 15 percent in the low-protein feed with the weight of 25-50 kg;
the content of crude protein in the low-protein feed with the weight of 50-75kg is more than or equal to 12 percent and less than or equal to 14 percent;
the content of crude protein is more than or equal to 10 percent and less than or equal to 12 percent in the low-protein feed with the weight of 75-100 kg;
the weight of the low-protein feed is 100kg, and the content of crude protein is more than or equal to 9 percent and less than or equal to 11 percent in the slaughtering stage.
Further, adding the acid phytase into a low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs by 500-5000U/kg of feed; the neutral phytase is added into low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs by 500U/kg feed to 5000U/kg feed.
Furthermore, the acid phytase is added into low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs at 500U/kg feed to 2000U/kg feed; the neutral phytase is added into low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs by 500-2000U/kg feed.
Furthermore, the acid phytase is added into low-protein feed of growing-finishing pigs at 500U/kg feed; the neutral phytase is added into low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs at 2000U/kg feed.
Growing-finishing pig low-protein feed for improving pig carcass qualityThe acid phytase and the neutral phytase are added, the acid phytase and the neutral phytase are respectively added according to 500U/kg feed to 10000U/kg feed, and the addition amount of the acid phytase and the addition amount of the neutral phytase can be the same or different.
Alternatively, the following requirements are met for the crude protein content in low-protein feeds:
the low-protein feed with the weight of 25-50kg has the crude protein content of less than or equal to 15 percent;
the low-protein feed with the weight of 50-75kg has the crude protein content less than or equal to 14 percent;
the low-protein feed with the weight of 75-100kg has the crude protein content less than or equal to 12 percent;
the weight is 100 kg-the low-protein feed in the slaughtering stage, the content of crude protein is less than or equal to 11 percent;
further, the following requirements are met for the crude protein content in the low-protein feed:
the content of crude protein is more than or equal to 13 percent and less than or equal to 15 percent in the low-protein feed with the weight of 25-50 kg;
the content of crude protein in the low-protein feed with the weight of 50-75kg is more than or equal to 12 percent and less than or equal to 14 percent;
the content of crude protein is more than or equal to 10 percent and less than or equal to 12 percent in the low-protein feed with the weight of 75-100 kg;
the weight of the low-protein feed is 100kg, and the content of crude protein is more than or equal to 9 percent and less than or equal to 11 percent in the slaughtering stage.
For this nutritional index of amino acids when formulating low protein feeds, it is recommended to use standard ileal digestible amino acid contents, including standard ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys), standard ileal digestible methionine + cystine (SID Met + Cys), standard ileal digestible threonine (SID Thr), standard ileal digestible tryptophan (SID Trp), standard ileal digestible valine (SID Val), and standard ileal digestible isoleucine (SID Ile). Furthermore, the nutrient components of the low-protein feed meeting the requirement of the crude protein content also meet the following nutrient indexes:
(1) feed for 25-50kg of body weight: the content of standard ileum digestible lysine (SID Lys) is more than or equal to 0.85 percent, the content of standard ileum digestible methionine + cystine (SID Met + Cys) is more than or equal to 0.48 percent, the content of standard ileum digestible threonine (SIDTHr) is more than or equal to 0.51 percent, the content of standard ileum digestible tryptophan (SID Trp) is more than or equal to 0.14 percent, the content of standard ileum digestible valine (SID Val) is more than or equal to 0.56 percent, and the content of standard ileum digestible isoleucine (SID Ile) is more than or equal to 0.44 percent;
(2) stage feed with weight of 50-75 kg: the content of standard ileum digestible lysine (SID Lys) is more than or equal to 0.76 percent, the content of standard ileum digestible methionine + cystine (SID Met + Cys) is more than or equal to 0.43 percent, the content of standard ileum digestible threonine (SIDTHr) is more than or equal to 0.46 percent, the content of standard ileum digestible tryptophan (SID Trp) is more than or equal to 0.13 percent, the content of standard ileum digestible valine (SID Val) is more than or equal to 0.49 percent, and the content of standard ileum digestible isoleucine (SID Ile) is more than or equal to 0.40 percent;
(3) 75-100kg of body weight stage feed: the content of standard ileum digestible lysine (SID Lys) is more than or equal to 0.65%, the content of standard ileum digestible methionine + cystine (SID Met + Cys) is more than or equal to 0.37%, the content of standard ileum digestible threonine (SIDTHr) is more than or equal to 0.41%, the content of standard ileum digestible tryptophan (SID Trp) is more than or equal to 0.11%, the content of standard ileum digestible valine (SID Val) is more than or equal to 0.42%, and the content of standard ileum digestible isoleucine (SID Ile) is more than or equal to 0.34%;
(4) 100kg of body weight-feed in slaughtering stage: the content of standard ileum digestible lysine (SID Lys) is more than or equal to 0.55 percent, the content of standard ileum digestible methionine + cystine (SID Met + Cys) is more than or equal to 0.32 percent, the content of standard ileum digestible threonine (SIDTHr) is more than or equal to 0.36 percent, the content of standard ileum digestible tryptophan (SID Trp) is more than or equal to 0.10 percent, the content of standard ileum digestible valine (SID Val) is more than or equal to 0.37 percent, and the content of standard ileum digestible isoleucine (SID Ile) is more than or equal to 0.30 percent.
The low protein feed of each stage is added with 500U/kg to 10000U/kg of acidic phytase and 500U/kg to 10000U/kg of neutral phytase.
In one embodiment, the amount of the acidic phytase added is 500U/kg feed to 5000U/kg feed; the addition amount of the neutral phytase is 500U/kg feed to 5000U/kg feed.
In one embodiment, the amount of the acidic phytase added is 500U/kg feed to 2000U/kg feed; the addition amount of the neutral phytase is 500U/kg feed to 2000U/kg feed.
In one embodiment, the amount of the acidic phytase added is 500U/kg feed; the addition amount of the neutral phytase is 2000U/kg feed.
Acidic and neutral phytases include enzymes produced by natural and genetically engineered microorganisms. Definition of activity unit of acid phytase (GB/T18634-2009 method for determining spectrophotometry of phytase activity for feed): at 37 deg.C and pH 5.50, 1 μmol inorganic phosphorus is released from sodium phytate solution with concentration of 5.0mmol/L every minute, and is an acidic phytase activity unit, and is expressed by U. Definition of the activity units of neutral phytases: at the temperature of 30 ℃ and the pH value of 7.0, 1 mu mol of inorganic phosphorus is released from a sodium phytate solution with the concentration of 5.0mmol/L every minute, namely a neutral phytase activity unit, which is expressed by U.
The domestic feed additive enterprises such as Beijing challenged biotechnology limited company, Guangdong Yiduoli biotechnology limited company, Beijing Xin Atlantic technology development limited company, Wuhan Xinhua Yangyang biotechnology limited company, Xiansheng (Beijing) biotechnology development limited company, Hunan Lierkang biology stock limited company, Hunan Youtell biochemistry limited company and the like all have the production and supply of the acidic phytase products; enterprises such as Guangdong Yiduoli biological science and technology GmbH, Beijing Xin Atlantic science and technology development GmbH, Wuhan Xinhuayang biological GmbH and the like all have production and supply of neutral phytase products.
As a raw material of low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs, the method comprises the following steps according to the current feed classification method in China: energy feed, protein feed, mineral feed, vitamin feed, feed additive, etc.
Wherein the energy feed mainly comprises corn, wheat, barley, rye, rice, brown rice, broken rice, sorghum, wheat bran, wheat middling, rice bran cake, rice bran meal, beef tallow, lard, poultry fat, fish oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, corn oil, palm oil, etc.; the protein feed mainly comprises expanded soybean, peeled soybean meal, soybean cake, soybean meal, cottonseed cake, cottonseed meal, rapeseed cake, rapeseed meal, peanut kernel cake, peanut kernel meal, linseed cake, linseed meal, corn protein powder, DDGS, fish meal, blood meal, feather meal, meat and bone meal, meat meal and the like; the mineral feed comprises mineral feed supplemented with macroelements and mineral feed supplemented with microelements, wherein the mineral feed mainly comprises stone powder, shell powder, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, light calcium carbonate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride and the like, and the mineral feed supplemented with microelements mainly comprises ferrous citrate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous lactate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, basic copper chloride, zinc oxide, zinc carbonate, zinc sulfate, basic zinc chloride, manganese sulfate, manganese carbonate, potassium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodate, calcium iodate, sodium selenite, methionine copper complex (chelate) compound, methionine iron complex (chelate) compound, methionine manganese complex (chelate) compound, methionine zinc complex (chelate) compound, lysine copper complex (chelate) compound, lysine zinc complex (chelate) compound, glycine copper complex (chelate) compound, glycine iron complex (chelate) compound, Yeast copper, yeast iron, yeast manganese, yeast selenium, an amino acid copper complex, an amino acid iron complex, an amino acid manganese complex, an amino acid zinc complex, hydroxymethionine analog complex (chelate) zinc, hydroxymethionine analog complex (chelate) manganese, hydroxymethionine analog complex (chelate) copper, chromium nicotinate, chromium yeast, chromium methionine, chromium picolinate, chromium propionate, zinc glycinate, zinc propionate, zinc lactate, and the like; the vitamin feed mainly comprises: vitamin A, vitamin A acetate, vitamin A palmitate, thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B)1) Thiamine nitrate (vitamin B)1) Riboflavin (vitamin B)2) Pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B)6) Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B)12) L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), L-calcium ascorbate, sodium L-ascorbate, L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, L-ascorbic acid-6-palmitic acidEsters, vitamin D2Vitamin D325-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-hydroxyvitamin D)3) Natural vitamin E, dl- α -tocopherol, dl- α -tocopherol acetate, menadione sodium bisulfite (vitamin K)3) The feed additive mainly comprises L-lysine, L-lysine hydrochloride, L-lysine sulfate and fermentation byproducts thereof, DL-methionine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-arginine hydrochloride, isoleucine, valine, methionine hydroxy analog, calcium salt of methionine hydroxy analog, cysteamine hydrochloride, α -galactosidase, β -glucanase, glucose oxidase, β -mannase, pectinase, phytase, protease, amylase, xylanase, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, enterococcus lactate, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus reuteri, lactobacillus coagulans, xylooligosaccharide, chitosan oligosaccharide, galacto oligosaccharide, manno oligosaccharide, galacto oligosaccharide, chito oligosaccharide, ethoxyquinoline, Butyl Hydroxy Anisole (BHA), dibutyl hydroxy propyl ether (BHA), sodium bicarbonate, sodium benzoate, sodium.
When designing a low-protein feed formula for growing-finishing pigs, the crude protein content of the feed raw materials can refer to databases such as Chinese feed ingredients and a nutritional value table, and can also adopt measured values; the standard ileum digestible amino acid content of the feed raw material can be calculated by referring to databases such as american NRC (2012) pig nutritional requirement, french INRA feed ingredients and nutritional value tables, or by actually measuring the amino acid content (chemical analysis value) of the feed raw material, and referring to the american NRC (2012) pig nutritional requirement/standard ileum amino acid digestibility in databases such as french INRA feed ingredients and nutritional value tables, and calculating the standard ileum digestible amino acid content of the feed raw material by using a formula of "standard ileum digestible amino acid content is measured as the actual measured amino acid content.
In one embodiment, the specific raw material formulation (mass percent) that meets the above requirements is as follows:
the low-protein feed for the stage of 25-50kg body weight comprises:
77-83% of corn, 13-19% of soybean meal, 0.9-1.8% of stone powder, 0.0-2.0% of soybean oil, 0.3-1.2% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2-0.5% of salt, 0.2-0.6% of lysine, 0.1-0.3% of threonine, 0.02-0.06% of tryptophan, 0.05-0.15% of valine, 0.05-0.15% of methionine, 0.01-0.04% of isoleucine, 0.1-0.3% of trace element premix feed, 0.02-0.06% of vitamin premix feed, 0.0-0.2% of choline chloride, 0.005-0.1% of acid phytase (equivalent to 500U/kg feed-10000U/kg feed), and 0.025-0.5% of neutral phytase (equivalent to 500U/kg feed-10000U/kg feed).
In the low-protein feed with the weight of 25-50kg, 80-81% of corn, 15-16% of soybean meal, 1-2% of mountain flour, 0.1-0.5% of soybean oil and 0.5-1% of calcium hydrophosphate are further added.
The low-protein feed for the stage of 50-75kg body weight comprises:
80-86% of corn, 10-16% of soybean meal, 0.9-1.8% of stone powder, 0.3-1.2% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0-1% of zeolite powder, 0.2-0.5% of salt, 0.2-0.6% of lysine, 0.1-0.3% of threonine, 0.02-0.06% of tryptophan, 0.05-0.15% of valine, 0.05-0.15% of methionine, 0.025-0.075% of isoleucine, 0.1-0.3% of trace element premix feed, 0.02-0.06% of vitamin premix feed, 0-0.2% of choline chloride, 0.005-0.1% of acidic phytase (500U/kg feed-10000U/kg feed), and 0.025-0.5% of neutral phytase (equivalent to 500U/kg feed-10000U/kg feed).
In the low-protein feed weighing 50-75kg, the feed further comprises 83-84% of corn, 12-13% of soybean meal, 1-2% of mountain flour, 0.3-1% of calcium hydrophosphate and 0.1-0.5% of zeolite powder.
The low-protein feed for 75-100kg of body weight stage comprises:
79-85% of corn, 0-6% of soybean meal, 3-9% of bran, 2-6% of rapeseed meal, 0-2% of soybean oil, 0.9-1.8% of stone powder, 0.2-1% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0-2% of zeolite powder, 0.2-0.5% of salt, 0.2-0.6% of lysine, 0.1-0.3% of threonine, 0.03-0.09% of tryptophan, 0.05-0.15% of valine, 0.03-0.09% of methionine, 0.05-0.15% of isoleucine, 0.1-0.3% of trace element premixed feed, 0.02-0.06% of vitamin premixed feed, 0-0.2% of choline chloride, 0.005-0.1% of acid phytase (converted to 500U/kg feed-10000U/kg feed), and 0.025-0.5% of neutral phytase (converted to 500U/kg feed-10000U/kg feed).
In the low-protein feed weighing 75-100kg, 81-82% of corn, 3-4% of soybean meal, 3-8% of bran, 2-5% of rapeseed meal, 1-2% of soybean oil and 1-2% of stone powder are further added.
The low-protein feed for 100kg body weight at the slaughtering stage comprises:
81-85% of corn, 0-4% of soybean meal, 3-9% of bran, 2-6% of rapeseed meal, 0-2% of soybean oil, 0-2% of zeolite powder, 0.9-1.8% of stone powder, 0-1% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.5% of salt, 0.2-0.6% of lysine, 0.07-0.21% of threonine, 0.03-0.09% of tryptophan, 0.04-0.12% of valine, 0.01-0.03% of methionine, 0.04-0.12% of isoleucine, 0.1-0.3% of trace element premixed feed, 0.02-0.06% of vitamin premixed feed, 0-0.2% of choline chloride, 0.005-0.1% of acid phytase (converted to 500U/kg feed-10000U/kg feed), and 0.025-0.5% of neutral phytase (converted to 500U/kg feed-10000U/kg feed).
The low-protein feed with the weight of 100kg at the slaughtering stage further comprises 83-85% of corn, 0.5-1% of soybean meal, 3-8% of bran, 2-5% of rapeseed meal, 1-2% of soybean oil, 1-2% of zeolite powder and 1-2% of stone powder.
In a more specific embodiment, the low-protein feed for 25-50kg of body weight stage comprises, in mass percent:
80.26% of corn, 15.88% of soybean meal, 1.325% of stone powder, 0.20% of soybean oil, 0.61% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.35% of salt, 0.48% of lysine, 0.15% of threonine, 0.04% of tryptophan, 0.10% of valine, 0.10% of methionine, 0.02% of isoleucine, 0.20% of trace element premix feed, 0.03% of vitamin premix feed, 0.15% of choline chloride, 0.005% (reduced to 500U/kg feed) of acidic phytase and 0.1% (reduced to 2000U/kg feed) of neutral phytase.
In a more specific embodiment, the low-protein feed for the 50-75kg stage of body weight comprises, in mass percent:
83.16% of corn, 12.90% of soybean meal, 1.37% of stone powder, 0.39% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.405% of zeolite powder, 0.35% of salt, 0.50% of lysine, 0.16% of threonine, 0.04% of tryptophan, 0.09% of valine, 0.10% of methionine, 0.05% of isoleucine, 0.2% of trace element premix feed, 0.03% of vitamin premix feed, 0.15% of choline chloride, 0.005% (reduced by 500U/kg feed) of acid phytase and 0.10% (reduced by 2000U/kg feed) of neutral phytase.
In a more specific embodiment, the low-protein feed for the 75-100kg stage of the body weight comprises, in mass percent:
81.62% of corn, 3.16% of soybean meal, 6.00% of bran, 3.00% of rapeseed meal, 1.22% of soybean oil, 1.25% of stone powder, 0.25% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1.595% of zeolite powder, 0.35% of salt, 0.55% of lysine, 0.19% of threonine, 0.06% of tryptophan, 0.11% of valine, 0.06% of methionine, 0.10% of isoleucine, 0.20% of trace element premix feed, 0.03% of vitamin premix feed, 0.15% of choline chloride, 0.005% of acid phytase (reduced to 500U/kg feed), and 0.10% of neutral phytase (reduced to 2000U/kg feed).
In a more specific embodiment, the low-protein feed for 100kg body weight-slaughter stage comprises, in mass percent:
84.00 percent of corn, 0.80 percent of soybean meal, 6.00 percent of bran, 3.00 percent of rapeseed meal, 1.20 percent of soybean oil, 1.885 percent of zeolite powder, 1.35 percent of stone powder, 0.10 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.35 percent of salt, 0.47 percent of lysine, 0.15 percent of threonine, 0.05 percent of tryptophan, 0.07 percent of valine, 0.02 percent of methionine, 0.07 percent of isoleucine, 0.20 percent of trace element premix feed, 0.03 percent of vitamin premix feed, 0.15 percent of choline chloride, 0.005 percent of acid phytase (reduced to 500U/kg feed) and 0.10 percent of neutral phytase (reduced to 2000U/kg feed).
The following is a description of specific examples:
the trace element premix feed used in the following examples comprises (by mass): 13% of anhydrous ferrous sulfate, 5.5% of anhydrous manganese sulfate, 6% of anhydrous zinc sulfate, 4% of anhydrous copper sulfate, 3.5% of sodium selenite premix (1%), 3% of calcium iodate premix (1%) and 65% of zeolite powder.
The vitamin premix feed used in the following examples comprises (by mass): 2.5% of vitamin A (1000000IU/g) and vitamin D30.625% (500000IU/g), 15% vitamin E (50%), and vitamin K3(51.5%) 1.5%, vitamin B1(99%) 0.375%, vitamin B2(80%) 1.5%, vitamin B6(96%) 1%, vitamin B121 percent (1%), 10 percent of nicotinic acid (100%), 8.5 percent of calcium pantothenate (90%), 0.5 percent of folic acid (95%), 3 percent of biotin (2%) and 54.5 percent of rice chaff.
The acid phytases used in the following examples were purchased from Beijing Biotechnology Ltd.
Neutral phytase used in the following examples was purchased from Beijing Xin ocean technology development Co., Ltd.
Example 1
A low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 80.26% of corn, 15.88% of soybean meal, 1.325% of stone powder, 0.20% of soybean oil, 0.61% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.35% of salt, 0.48% of lysine, 0.15% of threonine, 0.04% of tryptophan, 0.10% of valine, 0.10% of methionine, 0.02% of isoleucine, 0.20% of trace element premix feed, 0.03% of vitamin premix feed, 0.15% of choline chloride, 0.005% (reduced to 500U/kg feed) of acidic phytase and 0.1% (reduced to 2000U/kg feed) of neutral phytase. The raw materials of the feed are crushed and uniformly mixed, and are processed according to a conventional production process to obtain the low-protein feed for growing and fattening pigs, which can improve the carcass quality of the pigs, has 14 percent of crude protein and is suitable for feeding the growing and fattening pigs with the weight of 25-50 kg.
Example 2
A low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 83.16% of corn, 12.90% of soybean meal, 1.37% of stone powder, 0.39% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.405% of zeolite powder, 0.35% of salt, 0.50% of lysine, 0.16% of threonine, 0.04% of tryptophan, 0.09% of valine, 0.10% of methionine, 0.05% of isoleucine, 0.2% of trace element premix feed, 0.03% of vitamin premix feed, 0.15% of choline chloride, 0.005% (reduced by 500U/kg feed) of acid phytase and 0.10% (reduced by 2000U/kg feed) of neutral phytase. The raw materials of the feed are crushed and uniformly mixed, and are processed according to a conventional production process to obtain the low-protein feed for growing and fattening pigs, which can improve the carcass quality of the pigs, has the crude protein content of 13 percent and is suitable for feeding the growing and fattening pigs with the weight of 50-75 kg.
Example 3
A low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 81.62% of corn, 3.16% of soybean meal, 6.00% of bran, 3.00% of rapeseed meal, 1.22% of soybean oil, 1.25% of stone powder, 0.25% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1.595% of zeolite powder, 0.35% of salt, 0.55% of lysine, 0.19% of threonine, 0.06% of tryptophan, 0.11% of valine, 0.06% of methionine, 0.10% of isoleucine, 0.20% of trace element premix feed, 0.03% of vitamin premix feed, 0.15% of choline chloride, 0.005% of acid phytase (reduced to 500U/kg feed), and 0.10% of neutral phytase (reduced to 2000U/kg feed). The raw materials of the feed are crushed and uniformly mixed, and are processed according to a conventional production process to obtain the low-protein feed for growing and fattening pigs, which can improve the carcass quality of the pigs, wherein the crude protein content of the feed is 11 percent, and the feed is suitable for feeding the growing and fattening pigs with the weight of 75-100 kg.
Example 4
A low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 84.00 percent of corn, 0.80 percent of soybean meal, 6.00 percent of bran, 3.00 percent of rapeseed meal, 1.20 percent of soybean oil, 1.885 percent of zeolite powder, 1.35 percent of stone powder, 0.10 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.35 percent of salt, 0.47 percent of lysine, 0.15 percent of threonine, 0.05 percent of tryptophan, 0.07 percent of valine, 0.02 percent of methionine, 0.07 percent of isoleucine, 0.20 percent of trace element premix feed, 0.03 percent of vitamin premix feed, 0.15 percent of choline chloride, 0.005 percent of acid phytase (reduced to 500U/kg feed) and 0.10 percent of neutral phytase (reduced to 2000U/kg feed). The raw materials of the feed are crushed and uniformly mixed, and are processed according to a conventional production process to obtain the low-protein feed for growing and fattening pigs, which can improve the carcass quality of the pigs, has the crude protein content of 10 percent and is suitable for feeding the growing and fattening pigs with the weight of 100kg at the slaughtering stage.
Example 5
A feed additive for improving the carcass quality of pigs fed with low-protein feed comprises: acid phytase (enzyme activity 10000U/g) and neutral phytase (enzyme activity 2000U/g) are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: and 9, mixing the compounds uniformly to obtain the feed additive for improving the carcass quality of the pigs fed with the low-protein feed, wherein the addition amount of the feed additive in the low-protein feed of growing-finishing pigs is 0.10 percent.
Test examples
Selecting 96 growing and fattening pigs with the average weight of about 86kg, dividing the growing and fattening pigs into 6 treatments, wherein each treatment is repeated for 4 times, each treatment is repeated for 1 column, each column is provided with 4 pigs, and each half of a male pig and a female pig is provided with half of a male pig and a female pig. The 6 treated test pigs were fed with high protein diet, medium protein diet, low protein diet supplemented with conventional amounts of acidic phytase (500U/kg feed), low protein diet supplemented with overdose of acidic phytase (10000U/kg feed), and low protein diet supplemented with compound phytase (500U/kg feed, 2000U/kg feed).
The test is divided into two stages: (1) the early (1-20 days) trial diet crude protein levels decreased from 15% (high) → 13% (medium) → 11% (low); the experimental diet with low protein feed (11% crude protein level) to which both acid and neutral phytase were added was from example 3.
(2) The late (21-48 days) trial diet crude protein levels decreased from 14% (high) → 12% (medium) → 10% (low), the trial diet with low protein feed (crude protein level 10%) to which both the acidic and neutral phytases were added being from example 4. The crude protein level of the late-stage diet was 1% lower than that of the corresponding early-stage diet.
The basic principle of experimental diet design of each treatment group is as follows:
(1) the energy of the nutritional index of the feed adopts Net Energy (NE) index, and the amino acid adopts standard ileum digestible amino acid (SID AA);
(2) the net energy level of the feed of each treatment group at the early stage is the same, the content of the digestible lysine of the standard ileum corresponding to the first restrictive amino acid lysine of the pig feed is the same, and the content of the digestible amino acid of the standard ileum corresponding to other essential amino acids (methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine and isoleucine) meets the nutritional requirement of the fattening pigs by referring to the ratio of each amino acid to the lysine of the NRC (2012) pig nutritional requirement;
(3) the net energy level of the feed of each later-stage treatment group is the same, the content of the standard ileum digestible lysine corresponding to the first restrictive amino acid lysine of the pig feed is the same, and the standard ileum digestible amino acid content corresponding to other essential amino acids (methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine and isoleucine) refers to the proportion of each amino acid and lysine of NRC (2012) pig nutrition requirement to meet the nutrition requirement of the fattening pigs;
(4) the feed formula raw materials of the early-stage or later-stage treatment groups have the same composition, the crude protein content is mainly adjusted through the proportion of soybean meal, the net energy level is adjusted through the proportion of soybean oil, and the digestible amino acid content of a standard ileum is adjusted through the addition of various amino acids. During the test period, the patients can take food and drink water freely, and the immunization program, epidemic prevention and feeding management are carried out according to the conventional method. At the beginning, middle (21 days) and end of the test, the weight is done on empty stomach one by one; recording the feed consumption of the first stage and the second stage by taking a column as a unit; calculating daily gain, daily feed intake and material weight ratio. After the test is finished, a PIGLOG105 living body lean meat rate measuring instrument (SFK company in Denmark) is adopted to measure the back fat thickness at the position 7cm away from the back center line of the 3 th to 4 th reciprocal lumbar vertebra, the back fat thickness at the position 7cm away from the back center line of the 3 th to 4 th reciprocal rib and the thickness of eye muscles in a living body head by head, and the lean meat rate is calculated; collecting a feces sample to determine the content of crude protein.
TABLE 1 early-stage (1-20 days) diet formula and nutritional levels
TABLE 2 late test (21-48 days) diet formula and nutritional levels
The experimental results are as follows:
1. production Performance
The results are shown in table 3, and it can be seen from the table that the production performance indexes such as daily feed intake, daily gain, feed-to-weight ratio and the like of the low-protein diet group are not significantly different (P is more than 0.05) compared with those of the high-protein diet group and the medium-protein diet group at the early stage of the test (1-20 days); compared with the low-protein feed group, the production performance indexes such as the daily feed intake, the daily gain, the feed weight ratio and the like of the low-protein feed group added with the conventional amount of the acidic phytase, the group added with the overdose of the acidic phytase and the group added with the compound phytase have no significant difference (P is more than 0.05).
In the later period of the test (21-48 days), the production performance indexes such as daily feed intake, daily gain, feed-to-feed ratio and the like of the low-protein feed group have no obvious difference (P is more than 0.05) compared with those of the high-protein feed group and the medium-protein feed group. Compared with the low-protein feed group, the production performance indexes such as daily feed intake, daily gain, feed-weight ratio and the like of the low-protein feed group added with the conventional amount of the acidic phytase and the group added with the super-dose of the acidic phytase have no obvious difference (P is more than 0.05). The daily gain of the low-protein diet added composite phytase group is increased by 15.67 percent compared with that of the low-protein diet group, and the difference is obvious (P is less than 0.05); the feed weight ratio is reduced by 9.18 percent compared with the low-protein diet group, and the difference is obvious (P is less than 0.05); daily food intake was not significantly different compared to the low protein diet group (P > 0.05).
In the whole test period (1-48 days), production performance indexes such as daily feed intake, daily gain, feed-weight ratio and the like of the low-protein feed group are not obviously different from those of the high-protein feed group and the medium-protein feed group (P is more than 0.05); compared with the low-protein feed group, the production performance indexes such as the daily feed intake, the daily gain, the feed weight ratio and the like of the low-protein feed group added with the conventional amount of the acidic phytase, the group added with the overdose of the acidic phytase and the group added with the compound phytase have no significant difference (P is more than 0.05).
The results suggest that the low-protein feed does not influence the production performance of the fattening pigs; the production performance of the fattening pigs cannot be improved by adding the acidic phytase into the low-protein feed according to the conventional amount or adding the acidic phytase into the low-protein feed in an overdose manner; the growth speed and the feed conversion rate of the fattening pigs can be obviously improved by adding the compound phytase into the low-protein feed.
TABLE 3 Effect of feed crude protein levels on fattening pig Productivity
Note: the data in the same row with a lower case letter indicates significant difference (P <0.05), the same below.
2. Crude protein content of feces
The results are shown in table 4, and it can be seen from the table that the content of crude protein in the fattening pig manure of the low-protein diet group is reduced by 12.04% compared with that of the high-protein diet group, the difference is significant (P is less than 0.05), and the nitrogen emission amount to the environment of the pig industry is reduced; the reduction was 5.17% compared to the medium protein diet group, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The acid phytase is added into the low-protein diet according to the conventional amount or the acid phytase is added into the low-protein diet in an overdose manner, the crude protein content in the pig manure is respectively reduced by 11.65 percent and 10.74 percent compared with that in the low-protein diet group, but the difference is not obvious (P is more than 0.05); and the acidic phytase is added into the low-protein feed in an overdose manner, so that the emission reduction effect of the fecal nitrogen is not further improved. The compound phytase is added into the low-protein feed, the emission reduction effect of the fecal nitrogen is obviously improved, the content of crude protein in pig manure is reduced by 13.90 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with that of the low-protein feed, and the low-protein feed is better than that of the low-protein feed in which the conventional amount of acid phytase and the overdose of acid phytase are added. The results indicate that the low-protein feed can obviously reduce the content of the crude protein in the excrement and reduce the nitrogen emission; the compound phytase is added into the feed, so that the emission reduction effect of the fecal nitrogen of the low-protein feed can be further improved.
TABLE 4 influence of feed crude protein levels on crude protein content in pig manure (oven-dried basis)
3. Carcass quality
As shown in table 5, it can be seen from the table that in the high protein diet, the medium protein diet and the low protein diet 3 groups, each carcass quality index (the reciprocal 3-4 lumbar backfat thickness, the reciprocal 3-4 rib backfat thickness, the two-point average backfat thickness and lean meat percentage) is optimal as the medium protein diet group, and the low protein diet group is slightly inferior to the high protein diet group; low protein diets tend to increase backfat thickness and reduce lean meat percentage.
The experimental treatment has a significant effect on the 3 rd to 4 th lumbar backfat thickness of the fattening pig (P < 0.05). Compared with a low-protein diet group, the acidic phytase added according to a conventional amount and the acidic phytase added in an overdose have the tendency of increasing the thickness of the reciprocal 3-4 lumbar back fat, and the compound phytase added has the tendency of reducing the thickness of the reciprocal 3-4 lumbar back fat, but the difference is not obvious (P is more than 0.05); the 3 rd to 4 th lumbar backfat thickness of the low-protein diet added compound phytase group is obviously lower than that of the low-protein diet added super-dosage acid phytase group (P is less than 0.05).
The experimental treatment has no significant effect on the thickness of the back fat of the 3 rd to 4 th rib of the fattening pig (P > 0.05). In 3 treatments with phytase addition, the penultimate 3-4 rib backfat thickness was thinnest in the group with the added compound phytase compared to the low protein diet group.
The experimental treatment has a significant effect on the average back fat thickness of two points of the fattening pig (P < 0.05). Compared with the low-protein diet group, the addition of the acidic phytase according to the conventional amount and the overdose addition of the acidic phytase has the tendency of increasing the average backfat thickness of two points, but the difference is not obvious (P is more than 0.05); the average backfat thickness of the two points of the group added with the compound phytase is reduced by 15.96 percent, the difference is obvious (P is less than 0.05), and the difference is superior to that of a medium protein diet group.
The experimental treatment has a remarkable influence on the lean meat percentage of the fattening pig (P is less than 0.05). Compared with the low-protein diet group, the conventional addition of the acidic phytase and the overdose addition of the acidic phytase have no significant influence on the lean meat percentage (P is more than 0.05); the lean meat percentage of the group added with the compound phytase is improved by 7.44 percent, the difference is obvious (P is less than 0.05), and the feed is superior to the medium protein feed group.
The results suggest that the low-protein diet has negative effects on the carcass quality of the fattening pigs, and the addition of the acid phytase according to the conventional amount or the overdose addition of the acid phytase cannot reverse the negative effects; the added compound phytase can obviously improve the carcass quality of the fattening pigs, reverse the negative effect of low-protein feed, and reach or be superior to the best medium-protein feed group.
TABLE 5 Effect of feed crude protein level on carcass quality of finishing pigs
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The growing-finishing pig low-protein feed for improving the quality of pig carcasses is characterized by comprising 500U/kg-10000U/kg of feed acidic phytase and 500U/kg-10000U/kg of feed neutral phytase.
2. The low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one of the following low-protein feeds:
the low-protein feed with the weight of 25-50kg has the crude protein content of less than or equal to 15 percent;
the low-protein feed with the weight of 50-75kg has the crude protein content less than or equal to 14 percent;
the low-protein feed with the weight of 75-100kg has the crude protein content less than or equal to 12 percent;
the weight of the low-protein feed is 100kg, and the content of crude protein is less than or equal to 11 percent in the slaughtering stage.
The low-protein feed of each stage contains 500U/kg feed-10000U/kg feed acid phytase and 500U/kg feed-10000U/kg feed neutral phytase.
3. The low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs according to claim 2,
the content of crude protein is more than or equal to 13 percent and less than or equal to 15 percent in the low-protein feed with the weight of 25-50 kg;
the content of crude protein in the low-protein feed with the weight of 50-75kg is more than or equal to 12 percent and less than or equal to 14 percent;
the content of crude protein is more than or equal to 10 percent and less than or equal to 12 percent in the low-protein feed with the weight of 75-100 kg;
the weight of the low-protein feed is 100kg, and the content of crude protein is more than or equal to 9 percent and less than or equal to 11 percent in the slaughtering stage.
4. The low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that,
in the low-protein feed weighing 25-50kg, the content of digestible lysine in a standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.85 percent, the content of digestible methionine and cystine in the standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.48 percent, the content of digestible threonine in the standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.51 percent, the content of digestible tryptophan in the standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.14 percent, the content of digestible valine in the standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.56 percent, and the content of digestible isoleucine in the standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.44 percent;
in the low-protein feed for the stage of weighing 50-75kg, the content of digestible lysine in a standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.76 percent, the content of digestible methionine and cystine in the standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.43 percent, the content of digestible threonine in the standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.46 percent, the content of digestible tryptophan in the standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.13 percent, the content of digestible valine in the standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.49 percent, and the content of digestible isoleucine in the standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.;
in the low-protein feed weighing 75-100kg, the content of digestible lysine in a standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.65%, the content of digestible methionine and cystine in the standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.37%, the content of digestible threonine in the standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.41%, the content of digestible tryptophan in the standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.11%, the content of digestible valine in the standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.42%, and the content of digestible isoleucine in the standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.34%;
in the low-protein feed for 100kg of body weight at the slaughtering stage, the content of digestible lysine in a standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.55 percent, the content of digestible methionine and cystine in the standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.32 percent, the content of digestible threonine in the standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.36 percent, the content of digestible tryptophan in the standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.10 percent, the content of digestible valine in the standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.37 percent, and the content of digestible isoleucine in the standard ileum is more than or equal to 0.
5. Growing-finishing pig low-protein feed according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the low-protein feed for a phase weighing 25-50kg comprises, in mass percent:
77-83% of corn, 13-19% of soybean meal, 0.9-1.8% of stone powder, 0.0-2.0% of soybean oil, 0.3-1.2% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2-0.5% of salt, 0.2-0.6% of lysine, 0.1-0.3% of threonine, 0.02-0.06% of tryptophan, 0.05-0.15% of valine, 0.05-0.15% of methionine, 0.01-0.04% of isoleucine, 0.1-0.3% of trace element premix feed, 0.02-0.06% of vitamin premix feed, 0.0-0.2% of choline chloride, 0.005-0.1% of acid phytase and 0.025-0.5% of neutral phytase; the acidic phytase is equivalent to 500-10000U/kg of feed, and the neutral phytase is equivalent to 500-10000U/kg of feed.
6. The low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the low-protein feed for the stage of 50-75kg body weight comprises, in mass%:
80-86% of corn, 10-16% of soybean meal, 0.9-1.8% of stone powder, 0.3-1.2% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0-1% of zeolite powder, 0.2-0.5% of salt, 0.2-0.6% of lysine, 0.1-0.3% of threonine, 0.02-0.06% of tryptophan, 0.05-0.15% of valine, 0.05-0.15% of methionine, 0.025-0.075% of isoleucine, 0.1-0.3% of trace element premix feed, 0.02-0.06% of vitamin premix feed, 0-0.2% of choline chloride, 0.005-0.1% of acidic phytase and 0.025-0.5% of neutral phytase; the acidic phytase is equivalent to 500-10000U/kg of feed, and the neutral phytase is equivalent to 500-10000U/kg of feed.
7. The low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the low-protein feed for the 75-100kg phase of body weight comprises, in mass%:
79-85% of corn, 0-6% of soybean meal, 3-9% of bran, 2-6% of rapeseed meal, 0-2% of soybean oil, 0.9-1.8% of stone powder, 0.2-1% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0-2% of zeolite powder, 0.2-0.5% of salt, 0.2-0.6% of lysine, 0.1-0.3% of threonine, 0.03-0.09% of tryptophan, 0.05-0.15% of valine, 0.03-0.09% of methionine, 0.05-0.15% of isoleucine, 0.1-0.3% of trace element premix feed, 0.02-0.06% of vitamin premix feed, 0-0.2% of choline chloride, 0.005-0.1% of acid phytase and 0.025-0.5% of neutral phytase; the acidic phytase is equivalent to 500-10000U/kg of feed, and the neutral phytase is equivalent to 500-10000U/kg of feed.
8. The low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the low-protein feed for 100kg body weight-slaughter stage comprises, in mass percent:
81-85% of corn, 0-4% of soybean meal, 3-9% of bran, 2-6% of rapeseed meal, 0-2% of soybean oil, 0-2% of zeolite powder, 0.9-1.8% of stone powder, 0-1% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.5% of salt, 0.2-0.6% of lysine, 0.07-0.21% of threonine, 0.03-0.09% of tryptophan, 0.04-0.12% of valine, 0.01-0.03% of methionine, 0.04-0.12% of isoleucine, 0.1-0.3% of trace element premix feed, 0.02-0.06% of vitamin premix feed, 0-0.2% of choline chloride, 0.005-0.1% of acid phytase and 0.025-0.5% of neutral phytase; the acidic phytase is equivalent to 500-10000U/kg of feed, and the neutral phytase is equivalent to 500-10000U/kg of feed.
9. A feed additive for improving the carcass quality of pigs fed with low-protein feed is characterized by comprising acidic phytase and neutral phytase; the acid phytase is added into a low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs by 500U/kg to 10000U/kg of feed; the neutral phytase is added into low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs by 500U/kg feed to 10000U/kg feed.
10. The feed additive according to claim 9, wherein the acidic phytase is added to a low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs at a feed rate of 500 to 5000U/kg; the neutral phytase is added into low-protein feed for growing-finishing pigs by 500U/kg feed to 5000U/kg feed.
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