CN105851562A - Mixed feed for improving fattening pig carcass quality under low-nitrogen-discharging daily ration - Google Patents
Mixed feed for improving fattening pig carcass quality under low-nitrogen-discharging daily ration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a mixed feed for improving fattening pig carcass quality under low-nitrogen-discharging daily ration ; the feed is prepared from the components by the weight percentage: 50-75% of corn, 8-20% of soybean meal, 5-15% of cottonseed proteins, 1-15% of wheat bran, 5-15% of rice bran, 0.5-1.5% of soybean oil, 0.5-1.5% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1.5% of calcium carbonate, 0.5-1.5% of lysine sulfate, 0.1-1.0% of threonine, 0.01-0.05% of methionine, 0.01-0.05% of tryptophan, 0.1-1.0% of sodium chloride, 0.1-1.0% of betaine, 0.1-1.0% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.01-0.1% of calcium propionate, 0.01-0.1% of 66% ethoxy quinoline, 0.01-0.1% of a microecological preparation, and 0.5-2% of a compound premixed feed for fattening pigs. The mixed feed has effects on pig growth performance, pork quality, and metabolism of lipids and proteins in blood, and also plays positive roles in adjusting the distribution of pork fat, improving the fattening pig carcass quality, enhancing the flavor of pork, reducing nitrogen emissions and protecting the environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to animal nutrition and feed technical field, particularly to the mixed feed improving growing and fattening pigs carcass quality under a kind of low-nitrogen discharged daily ration.
Background technology
The external import of China's protein feed resource heavy dependence, imported soybean 73,000,000 tons in 2014, and China produces Semen sojae atricolor 1 per year, about 0000000 tons, the shortage of protein feed resource seriously constrains the development of China's animal husbandry, in pig-breeding, the nitrogen discharged environmental issue brought, has caused the concern of the whole society.Research shows, live pig Dietary Crude Protein matter reduces by 1 percentage point, in fecaluria, the discharge of nitrogen can reduce by 8%～13%, according to ideal amino acid profile, reduce live pig Dietary Crude Protein Levels balance synthesizing amino acid, live pig production performance is not resulted in impact, but under the conditions of low-nitrogen discharged daily ration, after growing and fattening pigs hyperliposis deposition causes carcass quality to decline, and growing and fattening pigs are butchered, drip loss raises.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the defect of above-mentioned prior art, it is provided that a kind of by adding glycine betaine under the low-nitrogen discharged daily ration of growing and fattening pigs, thus improve the mixed feed improving growing and fattening pigs carcass quality under the low-nitrogen discharged daily ration of growing and fattening pigs carcass quality.
For achieving the above object, the present invention uses following technical proposals:
nullThe mixed feed of growing and fattening pigs carcass quality is improved under a kind of low-nitrogen discharged daily ration，It is characterized in that comprising the following components in percentage by weight: Semen Maydis 50～75%、Bean cake 8～20%、Cottonseed protein 5～15%、Testa Tritici 1～15%、Testa oryzae 5～15%、Soybean oil 0.5～1.5%、Calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.5～1.5%、Calcium carbonate 0.5～1.5%、Lysine sulfate 0.5～1.5%、Threonine 0.1～1.0%、Methionine 0.01～0.05%、Tryptophan 0.01～0.05%、Sodium chloride 0.1～1.0%、Glycine betaine 0.1～1.0%、Sodium bicarbonate 0.1～1.0%、Calcium propionate 0.01～0.1%、Ethoxy quinoline 66% 0.01～0.1%、Microbial ecological agent 0.01～0.1%、Finishing pigs compound premixed feed 0.5～2%.
The intestinal power that described microbial ecological agent provides for great Bei agriculture group is good for product.
The intestinal power that described microbial ecological agent provides for great Bei agriculture group is good for product (WST-S101).
The 30% glycine betaine product that described glycine betaine provides for Beijing challenge group.
One in S0513, S0514, SS221L that described finishing pigs compound premixed feed provides for great Bei agriculture group.
Glycine betaine (Betaine) has another name called Betaine, is the oxidation metabolites of choline, can generate glycine after demethyl.First it find in Europe, and it is primarily present in the molasses of beet sugar, so gaining the name.For squamous or the prismatic crystallization of the easy moisture absorption, heat is to about 310 ° decomposition, and taste is sweet.For antitumor, blood pressure lowering, anti-peptic ulcer and gastrointestinal dysfunction, treat hepatic disease.In recent years, glycine betaine is applied in poultry industry and is more and more come into one's own, this is because glycine betaine can provide active methyl in living organism metabolism, constitutes transmethylase with cysteine, participates in methyl reaction, therefore has the title of " life methylating agent ".Meanwhile, glycine betaine as the novel nourishing reallocation agent of nontoxic, pollution-free, noresidue, overcome that the repartitioning function agent such as β-2-adrenergic agonist components cause stress greatly, residual seriously, degradation series of malpractice under meat.
Inventor is through studying glycine betaine to lipid metabolism index, protein metabolism index in pig blood, analyze its effect to meat quality regulation, finally found that: by reducing, abdomen fat or subcutaneous fat generate the vigor of enzyme to glycine betaine, the activity of raising lipolytic enzyme promotes fatty catabolism, the anabolism of suppression fat, improves the carcass lean meat percentage of pig, reduces carcass lipid rate and the thickness of backfat.Therefore, certain proportion glycine betaine product is added in mixed feed thus improves the carcass quality of growing and fattening pigs by the present invention.Experiment shows, utilizes mixed feed of the present invention, and finishing pigs diets protein can be made to decline 1～7 percentage point than conventional recommendation level, and protein level is between 10～15%, and growing and fattening pigs low-nitrogen discharged daily ration net energy level is 2250～2400Kcal/kg.
In sum, the present invention:
1, net energy can provide accurate animal to maintain and produce energy demand, and truly can be able to be worth in accurate response raw material, therefore uses net energy can formulate swine rations formula and provides foundation the most reliably.
2, the present invention relates to the low-nitrogen discharged daily ration of live pig, it is possible to significantly reduce during pig produces nitrogen discharged, reduce pig house air pollution degree, effectively reduce ammonia level, improving swinery health level, reduce home court environmental pollution, low-nitrogen discharged daily ration meets sustainable development idea.
3, by adding, glycine betaine reduction abdomen fat or subcutaneous fat generate the vigor of enzyme, the activity of raising lipolytic enzyme promotes fatty catabolism, the anabolism of suppression fat, improve the carcass lean meat percentage of pig, reduce carcass lipid rate and the thickness of backfat, promote meat quality.
The mixed feed feeding period of growing and fattening pigs carcass quality is improved: growing and fattening pigs body weight 60-110kg under the low-nitrogen discharged daily ration of the present invention.
Feeding method: free choice feeding.
In order to verify the technique effect of the present invention, invention unit (Ningxia Dabei Agricultural Science and Technology Industrial Co., Ltd.) has done the feeding experiment of the mixed feed improving growing and fattening pigs carcass quality under low-nitrogen discharged daily ration, studies it to lipid metabolism in pig blood and proteometabolic impact.
Test procedure:
Selection company sets up at Baiyin mark post demonstration plant, selects kind, growing state and health status identical, and original body mass is 60kg ± 2kg, Duroc x length white x DABAI (writing a Chinese character in simplified form of pig variety) three way cross growing and fattening pigs 30.Use single factor test Random Design, by the close principle similar with hereditary basis of body weight, be randomly divided into matched group and test group 2 process, feed two kinds of different daily rations respectively, matched group daily ration is low-nitrogen discharged basal diet, and test group is for adding glycine betaine daily ration, and other nutrient composition content is consistent.
Each process 3 repetition, 5 pigs of each repetition.Test in mid-July, 2015, terminate in mid-September, 2015 to raise, test period totally 60 days, record feed intake, initially and end is heavy to weigh test, and calculates daily gain, daily ingestion amount and feedstuff-meat ratio, after off-test, every pig is carried out vena cava anterior to search for food, separate serum after blood sampling and carry out the research of lipid metabolism, protein metabolism.
Test pig is raised in confined swine housing, cement flooring, and well-ventilated takes free choice feeding and drinking-water during test, carries out disinfection by pig farm conventional program, anthelmintic and immunity.
After test data Excel software carries out preliminary treatment, the GLM modeling statistics of SAS 8.2 is used to analyze (SAS, 2001).Concrete result of the test is shown in Table 1.
The impact on Performance of Finishing Pigs, carcass quality and meat of the 1 two kinds of daily rations of table
| Project | Matched group | Test group |
| Daily gain (g/d) | 890.9±1.13 | 951.7±2.10 |
| Feedstuff-meat ratio (g:g) | 3.43 | 3.39 |
| Daily ingestion amount (kg/d) | 3.66 | 3.57 |
| 10th ribbed back fat thickness (cm) | 3.23 | 2.77A |
| Eye muscle area (cm2) | 41.79 | 44.97 |
| Marbling | 2.21 | 2.84 |
Remarks: marbling standards of grading:
1
It is divided into difference；
2
It is divided into general；
3
For best.
Note: utilize software, to data by variance analysis, A represent compared with matched group (P< 0.05) significant difference, AA represent compared with matched group (P< 0.01) difference is the most notable.
Conclusion (of pressure testing): matched group and test group production performance include in daily ingestion amount, feedstuff-meat ratio and daily gain difference notable (P> 0.05), test group compares matched group advantageously in terms of daily gain with feedstuff-meat ratio；Test group compares matched group, significantly reduce the thickness of backfat (P> 0.05), eye muscle area have increase trend (P> 0.05), fatten Carnis Sus domestica marbling under the conditions of test group daily ration and be obviously improved.Draw from comprehensive angle analysis, utilize net energy to prepare low-nitrogen discharged daily ration.Food utilization efficiency can be improved, reduce the pig-breeding pollution to environment, and make low-nitrogen discharged lower growing and fattening pigs carcass quality be improved, improve culture benefit.
The low-nitrogen discharged daily ration of table 2 adds the glycine betaine impact on pig blood lipid metabolism
| Project | Matched group | Test group |
| Total triglyceride (TG) content | 941.24±2.27 | 905.38±1.89A |
| T-CHOL (TC) content | 2.42±0.15 | 2.05±0.17 A |
| High density lipoprotein (HDL-C) content | 1.07±0.23 | 1.21±0.19 A |
| Low density lipoprotein, LDL (LDL-C) content in blood | 1.08±0.13 | 1.30±0.18 A |
The low-nitrogen discharged daily ration of table 3 adds the glycine betaine impact on pig protein metabolism
| Project | Matched group | Test group |
| Total protein content | 64.81±1.13 | 73.68±1.09 A |
| Urea nitrogen content | 4.09±0.51 | 3.18±0.37 A |
| Immunoglobulin content | 5.93±0.87 | 6.77±0.69 A |
| Cholinesterase activity | 775.66±4.33 | 705.33±5.21 A |
| Alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase (α-HBDH) activity | 413.3±3.08 | 332.0±2.19 A A |
| Creatine kinase (CK) activity | 1983.3±5.21 | 840±4.89 A A |
Note: utilize software, to data by variance analysis, A represent compared with matched group (P< 0.05) significant difference, AA represent compared with matched group (P< 0.01) difference is the most notable.
Conclusion (of pressure testing): from the above results, this mixed feed can substantial reduction in triglycerides, cholesterol level in pork fat metabolism, improve the content of high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein, LDL, promote lipid metabolism, regulation and control animal body esterlysis and the balance of esterification, affect the type of internal blood fat, reduce lipidosis.Can dramatically increase total protein, immunoglobulin content in Proteometabolism, reduce the content of blood urea nitrogen, therefore it is significant to the metabolism of albumen.Meanwhile, can obviously reduce acetylcholine esterase, alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase (α-HBDH), creatine kinase (CK) activity.Serum cholinesterase activity increases and is mainly seen in the disease such as obesity, fatty liver disease, Patients with Fatty Liver is in addition to triacylglycerol and cholesterol substantially increase, serum cholinesterase is the most significantly raised, measure serum cholinesterase activity and show that liver esterlysis speed is faster than esterification rate, the sickness rate of fatty liver can be prevented to a certain extent.Measure alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase (α-Α-HBDH) activity actually for the activity of reflection lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme LDH1 and LDH2, diagnosis cardiomyopathy and hepatopathy are had the certain significance, tables of data publicly price-reduction low blood alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase (α-Α-HBDH) activity, there is heart tonifying liver protection effect, for growing-finishing pigs growth course, there is positive-effect.Creatine kinase (CK) is widely present in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and cerebral tissue, it it is an important kinases having direct relation with intracellular energy operating, muscle contraction, ATP regeneration, creatine kinase (CK) can reduce creatine kinase activity significant to maintaining the normal physiological function of pig as passing judgment on heart, the most normal index of muscle function.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further described by following example, and limit the present invention never in any form, on the premise of without departing substantially from the technical solution of the present invention, within any change that those of ordinary skill in the art made for the present invention easily realize or change fall within the claimed range of the present invention.
In following embodiment,
The intestinal power that described microbial ecological agent provides for great Bei agriculture group is good for product (WST-S101).
The 30% glycine betaine product that described glycine betaine provides for Beijing challenge group.
One in S0513, S0514, SS221L that described finishing pigs compound premixed feed provides for great Bei agriculture group.
Embodiment 1
Mixed feed
Semen Maydis 50%, bean cake 20%, cottonseed protein 15%, Testa Tritici 3.5%, Testa oryzae 7%, soybean oil 0.5%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.5%, calcium carbonate 1.3%, lysine sulfate 0.7%, threonine 0.15%, methionine 0.02%, tryptophan 0.01%, sodium chloride 0.4%, glycine betaine 0.12%, sodium bicarbonate 0.2%, calcium propionate 0.05%, ethoxy quinoline 66% 0.02%, microbial ecological agent 0.03%, finishing pigs compound premixed feed 0.5%.
Various raw material is weighed: all solids raw material is all ground into 2.5mm fine powder, mixes by above-mentioned weight proportion.
Embodiment 2
Mixed feed
Semen Maydis 70%, bean cake 10%, cottonseed protein 5%, Testa Tritici 5%, Testa oryzae 5%, soybean oil 1%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.8%, calcium carbonate 1%, lysine sulfate 0.53%, threonine 0.12%, methionine 0.04%, tryptophan 0.01%, sodium chloride 0.5%, glycine betaine 0.2%, sodium bicarbonate 0.15%, calcium propionate 0.1%, ethoxy quinoline 66% 0.02%, microbial ecological agent 0.03%, finishing pigs compound premixed feed 0.5%.
Various raw material is weighed: all solids raw material is all ground into 2.5mm fine powder, mixes by above-mentioned weight proportion.
Embodiment 3
Mixed feed
Semen Maydis 75%, bean cake 8%, cottonseed protein 5%, Testa Tritici 2%, Testa oryzae 5%, soybean oil 0.6%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.7%, calcium carbonate 1.1%, lysine sulfate 0.5%, threonine 0.25%, methionine 0.05%, tryptophan 0.04%, sodium chloride 0.45%, glycine betaine 0.15%, sodium bicarbonate 0.3%, calcium propionate 0.08%, ethoxy quinoline 66% 0.03%, microbial ecological agent 0.05%, finishing pigs compound premixed feed 0.7%.
Various raw material is weighed: all solids raw material is all ground into 2.5mm fine powder, mixes by above-mentioned weight proportion.
Embodiment 4
Mixed feed
Semen Maydis 56%, bean cake 13%, cottonseed protein 8%, Testa Tritici 12%, Testa oryzae 5%, soybean oil 0.8%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.9%, calcium carbonate 1%, lysine sulfate 0.85%, threonine 0.3%, methionine 0.05%, tryptophan 0.05%, sodium chloride 0.6%, glycine betaine 0.3%, sodium bicarbonate 0.3%, calcium propionate 0.1%, ethoxy quinoline 66% 0.05%, microbial ecological agent 0.1%, finishing pigs compound premixed feed 0.6%.
Various raw material is weighed: all solids raw material is all ground into 2.5mm fine powder, mixes by above-mentioned weight proportion.
Embodiment 5
Mixed feed
Semen Maydis 61%, bean cake 11%, cottonseed protein 5%, Testa Tritici 6%, Testa oryzae 10%, soybean oil 1.2%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.5%, calcium carbonate 1.5%, lysine sulfate 1%, threonine 0.5%, methionine 0.03%, tryptophan 0.04%, sodium chloride 0.5%, glycine betaine 0.15%, sodium bicarbonate 0.4%, calcium propionate 0.06%, ethoxy quinoline 66% 0.04%, microbial ecological agent 0.08%, finishing pigs compound premixed feed 1%.
Various raw material is weighed: all solids raw material is all ground into 2.5mm fine powder, mixes by above-mentioned weight proportion.
Embodiment 6
Mixed feed
Semen Maydis 52%, bean cake 10%, cottonseed protein 12%, Testa Tritici 2%, Testa oryzae 15%, soybean oil 1.11%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.5%, calcium carbonate 1.5%, lysine sulfate 1.5%, threonine 1.0%, methionine 0.01%, tryptophan 0.04%, sodium chloride 0.1%, glycine betaine 0.1%, sodium bicarbonate 1.0%, calcium propionate 0.01%, ethoxy quinoline 66% 0.1%, microbial ecological agent 0.03%, finishing pigs compound premixed feed 2%.
Various raw material is weighed: all solids raw material is all ground into 2.5mm fine powder, mixes by above-mentioned weight proportion.
Embodiment 7
Mixed feed
Semen Maydis 65%, bean cake 10%, cottonseed protein 6%, Testa Tritici 3%, Testa oryzae 6%, soybean oil 1.4%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.2%, calcium carbonate 1.0%, lysine sulfate 1.3%, threonine 1.2%, methionine 0.02%, tryptophan 0.04%, sodium chloride 1.0%, glycine betaine 1.0%, sodium bicarbonate 0.1%, calcium propionate 0.08%, ethoxy quinoline 66% 0.08%, microbial ecological agent 0.08%, finishing pigs compound premixed feed 1.5%.
Various raw material is weighed: all solids raw material is all ground into 2.5mm fine powder, mixes by above-mentioned weight proportion.
Claims (2)
- null1. under a low-nitrogen discharged daily ration, improve the mixed feed of growing and fattening pigs carcass quality，It is characterized in that comprising the following components in percentage by weight: Semen Maydis 50～75%、Bean cake 8～20%、Cottonseed protein 5～15%、Testa Tritici 2～12%、Testa oryzae 5～15%、Soybean oil 0.5～1.5%、Calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.5～1.5%、Calcium carbonate 0.5～1.5%、Lysine sulfate 0.5～1.5%、Threonine 0.1～1.0%、Methionine 0.01～0.05%、Tryptophan 0.01～0.05%、Sodium chloride 0.1～1.0%、Glycine betaine 0.1～1.0%、Sodium bicarbonate 0.1～1.0%、Calcium propionate 0.01～0.1%、Ethoxy quinoline 66% 0.01～0.1%、Microbial ecological agent 0.01～0.1%、Finishing pigs compound premixed feed 0.5～2%.
- The mixed feed of growing and fattening pigs carcass quality is improved, it is characterised in that the intestinal power that described microbial ecological agent provides for great Bei agriculture group is good for product under low-nitrogen discharged daily ration the most as claimed in claim 1.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106962656A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-07-21 | 深圳市金新农科技股份有限公司 | A kind of pig feed and method for improving growing and fattening pigs protein utilization |
| CN108185142A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-06-22 | 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of diet for improving live pig digestive function and its application |
| CN110651908A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-01-07 | 吉林农业大学 | Nitrogen-saving emission-reducing type amino acid release balance daily ration, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111587959A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-08-28 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Growing-finishing pig low-protein feed and feed additive for improving pig carcass quality |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104489370A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-08 | 通威股份有限公司 | Concentrated feed for over-sized fattening pigs and preparation method thereof |
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- 2016-03-02 CN CN201610115944.2A patent/CN105851562B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104489370A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-08 | 通威股份有限公司 | Concentrated feed for over-sized fattening pigs and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106962656A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-07-21 | 深圳市金新农科技股份有限公司 | A kind of pig feed and method for improving growing and fattening pigs protein utilization |
| CN108185142A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-06-22 | 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of diet for improving live pig digestive function and its application |
| CN110651908A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-01-07 | 吉林农业大学 | Nitrogen-saving emission-reducing type amino acid release balance daily ration, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111587959A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-08-28 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Growing-finishing pig low-protein feed and feed additive for improving pig carcass quality |
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