TWI552681B - A method of making a weight gain of the poultry, a feed additive for increasing the weight of the poultry, a method for producing the feed additive, a feed containing the feed additive - Google Patents

Description

Method for increasing weight of poultry muscle, feed supplement for increasing weight of poultry muscle, method for producing the feed additive, and feed containing the feed additive

The present invention relates to feed supplements for poultry (chicken, duck, goose), and more particularly to a basic diet added to poultry for increasing intestinal probiotics and poultry feed intake and muscle weight of poultry. Additives.

Poultry meat (chicken, duck, goose) is a good source of protein. In order to supply the market demand, poultry farmers need to improve the efficiency of broiler feeding and increase the supply of chicken. Therefore, researchers in the field of poultry breeding have proposed improved farming methods, including adjustment. Breeding the environment and adjusting the diet formula.

Basic diet formulas include corn, soy flour, animal protein (fishmeal, fish, fish bones), oils (lard, butter, chicken, soybean oil), grains (sorghum, barley, oats), other additives ( Fine sand helps the stomach to run the food), nutritional supplements (minerals, vitamins), enzymes, anti-fungal agents, antioxidants, toxin adsorbents.

The above diet formula provides the nutrient basis for poultry growth, provided that the poultry must have sufficient feed intake, and that the feed is fed by free access to the poultry, so it is not easy to effectively manage or control the feed intake of the poultry. If the gastrointestinal system of poultry is poor and the immunity is lowered, resulting in poor appetite, when the feed intake is reduced, not only the weight of the poultry can not be effectively increased, but it is more likely to cause death.

The above diet formula contains mannan-like substances, and monogastric animals such as chickens have higher digestibility of corn, but the energy utilization rate of soybean meal is only 50% to 60%. The reason why the monogastric animal's utilization of soybean meal energy is so low may be that 22.7% of the hemicellulose contained in the soybean meal cannot be digested by the monogastric animal. In the case of indigestion, the gastrointestinal tract of poultry can not effectively absorb the nutrition of the diet. If the poultry is in a state of poor nutrition, it will lead to slow weight gain, and the result will be decreased immunity and death.

In view of this, upgrading and maintaining the function of the gastrointestinal system of poultry is the only way to promote the healthy growth of poultry and increase body weight, because poultry with normal function of the gastrointestinal system can absorb nutrients in the feed and may increase feed intake, and grow healthily. In the case of a gradual but rapid increase in weight.

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing the weight of poultry muscles, wherein an additive containing hemicellulase is added to the basic diet, and after the poultry is fed, the additive catalyzes an enzyme reaction system of the gastrointestinal tract, which is indigestible in the degraded intestinal tract. Or hemicellulose, increase the amount of probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract, promote the digestibility and nutrient absorption rate of the gastrointestinal tract, increase the active feed intake of poultry, and enable the poultry to rapidly gain weight in the healthy growth.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a feed supplement for weight gain in poultry which enhances the amount of probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry.

The object of the present invention is to provide a feed additive for weighting poultry muscles, which is obtained by mixing soybean shell, mushroom head, water, pH adjusting agent and yeast-like yeast through solid state fermentation for a period of time. The feed additive after natural fermentation has hemicellulase activity.

The object of the present invention is to provide a feed additive for weight gain of poultry muscles. The method comprises the steps of: mixing the soybean shell and the mushroom head with water at a ratio of 75 wt%:25 wt%, the water content is 40%, adjusting the pH value to 6.0, inoculating 1% yeast, stirring uniformly at room temperature, and solid-state fermentation A feed supplement containing hemicellulase activity can be obtained after a period of time.

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing the weight of poultry by feeding the poultry-feed comprising a basal diet mainly composed of corn and soybean meal, wherein the basal diet is mixed with an additive, the additive It is obtained by mixing the soybean shell, the mushroom head, the water, the pH adjusting agent and the yeast-like yeast through solid state fermentation for a period of time, and the feed additive after the fermentation contains hemicellulase activity.

The hemicellulase of the feed supplement was further analyzed as a β-mannanase (Mannanase) having an enzyme activity of 115.7 U/g.

In a preferred embodiment, the basal diet in the feed is from corn, soybean meal, animal protein (fish meal, fish, fish bone), oil (lard, butter, chicken oil, soybean oil), grain (sorghum) , barley, oats), other additives (fine sand helps the stomach to run the food), nutritional supplements (minerals, vitamins). The formulation of the basal diet is not limited to this and is provided by the NRC standard (Nutritional Research Committee). The proportion of feed supplement in the feed was 0.5% by weight per kg of base diet.

The efficacy of the present invention was confirmed by chicken experiments. In terms of growth traits, the birds fed the feed containing the feed additive of the present invention had significantly higher feed intake and body weight than those fed the general basal diet.

In terms of the relative weight of the intestine, the chickens fed the feed containing the feed additive of the present invention have a duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum which do not contain the contents, and are lower in weight than the chickens fed the general basal diet. There is no increase in the relative weight of the road. Prove that chickens gain weight It is expressed in the muscles, not in the intestines.

In the case of the intestinal flora, the number of lactic acid bacteria in the cecum of the chickens fed the feed containing the feed additive of the present invention was significantly higher than that of the chickens fed the general basic diet.

The feed additive of the invention adopts soybean shell (a by-product of soybean processing) and mushroom head (agricultural waste), reduces the raw material cost of the feed additive, and adopts a solid-state fermentation method to reduce the manufacturing cost of the feed additive and the cost of the owner. And achieve the above multiple effects.

The feed additive of the present invention comprises: 75 wt% soybean shell, 25 wt% mushroom head, 40-50 wt% water relative to the total weight of the soybean shell and the mushroom head, and a mixture with respect to the soybean shell and the mushroom head A yeast-like yeast having a total weight of 1 ± 0.1% by weight, and a hemicellulase produced by solid-state fermentation after mixing the above. Wherein, the pH adjusting agent may be the following one or a mixture: citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, metatartaric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, adipic acid, fumaric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, carbonic acid Sodium, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, trisodium hydrogencarbonate, monosodium citrate. The yeast of the type is Aureobasidium pullulans SH-218.

The method for preparing the feed additive of the invention comprises: mixing soybean shell and mushroom head in a ratio of 75 wt%: 25 wt%, adding water to the mixture of soybean shell and mushroom head, adjusting the water content to 40-50%, adjusting the pH value to 6.0±0.1 The cells were inoculated with 1±0.1% by weight of yeast, stirred uniformly at room temperature of 30±1°C, and subjected to solid-state fermentation for 12 days at room temperature to obtain a feed additive containing hemicellulase activity. The hemicellulase is a β-mannanase (Mannanase) having an enzyme activity of 115.7±0.1 U/g DM.

In the experiment of the present invention, the inventors prepared two feed additives for research, One of them is Soybean hulls (SBH) and the other is Soybean hulls/Pleurotus eryngii (SBHP). The water content, pH value, inoculation yeast, and so on of the two feed additives. The temperature is exactly the same. The enzyme activity was measured after 2 days and 12 days in the solid state fermentation time. As shown in Table 1, the second day of fermentation, β-mannanase (Mannanase) was measured, the enzyme activity was SBH in the group of 0.7 U/ml, and the FSBHP group was 0.6 U/ml. The fermentation time was insufficient and the enzyme activity was not high. . On the twelfth day of fermentation, β-mannanase (Mannanase) was measured, the enzyme activity level was 113.1 U/ml in the SBH group and 115.7 U/ml in the FSBHP group. The results showed that the feed additive mixed with soybean shell and mushroom showed the best enzyme activity content when the fermentation days reached 12 days.

The above specified feed supplement is mixed with the basal diet of the chicken to form a feed. The basic diet is mainly corn and soybean meal, and can also add animal protein (fish meal, fish, fish bone), oil (lard, butter, chicken oil, soybean oil), grain (sorghum) according to NRC standards. , barley, oats), other additives (fine sand helps the stomach to run the food), nutritional supplements (minerals, vitamins). The ratio of the feed additive in the feed is 0.5% by weight per kg of the base diet.

Animal test: This test is a complete design. The treatment was as follows: basal diet (control group, control): no basal diet was added to the fermented soybean hull.

0.5% fermented soybean shell group (FSBH, 0.5%): 0.5% fermentation per kg of basic diet Soybean shell (500 units Mannanase/kg diets).

0.5% Fermented Soybean Shell - Mushroom Head Group (FSBHP, 0.5%): 0.5% Fermented Soybean Shell (500 units Mannanase/kg diets) per kg of base diet.

The test animals were 150 ROSS 308 chicks purchased from a commercial hatchery. Each machine is divided into 3 treatment groups, each treatment group has 50 cocks. The test chickens were fed flat (160 cm wide x 330 cm long); the nutritional requirements of the basic diet based on corn-soybean meal were provided according to NRC standards.

Analytical items included growth traits, relative intestinal weight, and intestinal bacterial phase analysis. Among them, growth traits: each treated chicken was measured at 35 days of age, and its body weight and feed intake were measured. The chickens were fasted for 24 hours before weighing, and the chickens were weighed separately on the day of weighing. Relative weight of the intestine: The weight of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum of the chicken was determined at 35 days of age and was calculated as the relative weight per 100 g of body weight. Analysis of intestinal bacteria phase: Each treated chicken was taken at 35 days of age, and 1 g of intestinal contents (cecum) was taken for determination of the number of bacteria. The number of lactic acid bacteria was measured by using 55 g/L MRS broth + 15 g/L agar as a lactic acid bacteria culture medium, and culturing at 37 ° C for 48 hours, and counting the number of colonies.

Statistical analysis: The data obtained in the experiment were statistically analyzed by the statistical analysis system (SAS, 1999) software package. All data were represented by Mean, and the general linear model procedure (GLM) was used for the variance analysis. The significance of the difference between the mean values of each treatment group was compared by Duncan's new multiple range test.

As shown in Table 2, in terms of growth traits, birds fed feed containing fermented soybean shell-flask (FSBHP, 0.5%) had significantly higher feed consumption and weight gain than the control group. Chickens, and slightly higher than those fed feed containing fermented soybean shell FSBH, 0.5%)

As shown in Table 3, in the relative weight of the intestine, the chickens containing the feed containing fermented soybean shell-flask (FSBHP, 0.5%) were eaten, and the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum did not contain the contents. Chickens lower than the control group and the FSBH group showed no increase in the relative weight of the intestines, indicating that the weight gain of the birds was expressed in the muscles rather than in the intestines.

As shown in Table 4, in the case of intestinal bacteria, the chickens containing the feed of fermented soybean shell-flask (FSBHP, 0.5%) had higher numbers of lactic acid bacteria (Lactic acid bacteria) in the cecum than the control group, but Slightly lower than the FSBH group.

As the second major component of hemicellulose, mannans are the main components of the cell wall of all legumes, and are high in plant feeds such as soybean meal, wheat, and rapeseed. The galactomannan content in alfalfa and bran accounted for 22.7%, 11.9%, 19.6% and 33.7%, respectively. The main diet of chickens is corn-soybean-type diet. The monogastric animals such as chickens have higher digestibility of corn, but the energy utilization rate of soybean meal is only 50%-60%. The reason why monogastric animals have such low utilization of soybean meal energy may be that 22.7% of hemicellulose contained in soybean meal is a non-starch polysaccharide that cannot be digested by monogastric animals. Therefore, adding the feed additive containing the mannanase of the invention to the feed can degrade the mannan, reduce the content of the digestive tract content, destroy the cell wall structure of the plant feed, enable the nutrient to fully contact with the digestive enzyme, and improve the endogenous source. The activity of the enzyme, the function of improving the intestinal microflora and improving the integrity of the intestinal mucosa, so that the feed intake and muscle weight gain of the chickens fed the feed containing the fermented soybean shell-flask (FSBHP, 0.5%) have Better performance.

Claims (12)

A feed additive for weighting poultry muscles, the feed additive comprising: 75 wt% soybean shell, 25 wt% mushroom head, 40-50 wt% water relative to the total weight of the soybean shell and the mushroom head, relative to the A mixture of soybean hulls and the head of the mushroom, a total weight of 1 ± 0.1% by weight of Aureobasidium pullulans, and a hemicellulase produced by solid state fermentation after mixing the above. The feed additive of claim 1, wherein the hemicellulase is a β-mannanase (Mannanase). The feed additive according to claim 2, wherein the additive has a Mannanase activity of 115.7 ± 0.1 U/g DM. A method for producing a feed additive according to claim 1, comprising: mixing the soybean shell and the mushroom head in a ratio of 75 wt%: 25 wt%, adding water, and having a water content of 40-50%, adjusting the pH value. At 6.0 ± 0.1, 1 ± 0.1 wt% of Aureobasidium pullulans was inoculated, stirred uniformly, and subjected to solid state fermentation at 30 ± 1 ° C for a period of time, and the feed additive contained hemicellulase activity. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein the fermentation time is 12 days. A feed for weight gain of poultry, the feed comprising: a corn and soybean meal-based diet and an additive, the additive is mixed in the base diet with an addition ratio of 0.5 wt% per kg of the basic diet. Wherein the additive comprises 75 wt% soybean shell, 25 wt% mushroom head, 40-50 wt% water relative to the total weight of the soybean shell and the mushroom head, relative to the total weight of the soybean shell and the mushroom head 1±0.1wt% of Aureobasidium pullulans, and the above substances are mixed and solidified Hemicellulase produced by yeast. The feed according to claim 6, wherein the hemicellulase is a β-mannanase (Mannanase). The feed according to claim 7, wherein the additive has a Mannanase activity of 115.7 ± 0.1 U/g DM. The feed according to claim 6, wherein the additive is added in an amount of 0.5% by weight per kg of the basic diet. A method for increasing the weight of poultry muscles, comprising: supplying a feed for poultry, allowing the poultry to feed the feed by automatic feeding; the feed comprises a basic diet mainly based on corn and soybean meal, and a basic diet per kilogram. Adding 0.5 wt% of the additive mixed in the base diet; wherein the additive comprises 75 wt% soybean shell, 25 wt% mushroom head, 40-50 wt% relative to the total weight of the soybean shell and the mushroom head The water, the Aureobasidium pullulans with a total weight of 1±0.1% by weight of the mixture of the soybean hull and the mushroom head, and the hemicellulase produced by solid state fermentation after mixing the above materials. The method of claim 10, wherein the hemicellulase is a β-mannanase (Mannanase). The method of claim 11, wherein the additive has a Mannanase activity of 115.7 ± 0.1 U/g DM.