CN111574780A - 一种石墨挤塑板 - Google Patents

一种石墨挤塑板 Download PDF

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CN111574780A
CN111574780A CN202010612670.4A CN202010612670A CN111574780A CN 111574780 A CN111574780 A CN 111574780A CN 202010612670 A CN202010612670 A CN 202010612670A CN 111574780 A CN111574780 A CN 111574780A
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CN111574780B (zh
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张海生
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Beijing Oriksson Energy Saving Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种石墨挤塑板，其由包括如下成分的原料制备而成：聚苯乙烯颗粒，石墨粉，阻燃剂以及发泡剂；其中，所述发泡剂为沸点在‑30℃～‑0.5℃范围内的物理发泡剂。本发明提供的挤塑板通过加入特定的发泡剂，显著延长了石墨挤塑板导热系数的维持时间，提高了石墨挤塑板的保温持续性。

Description

一种石墨挤塑板
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料领域，具体涉及一种石墨挤塑板。
背景技术
墙体保温是国家节能降耗的重要环节，通过给墙体设置保温材料，起到保温隔热的效果，不仅节约了能源也提高了居住的舒适性。因此，建筑材料行业对高性能的隔热保温材料的需求日益增加。
石墨挤塑板是近年来出现的一种新型保温材料。石墨挤塑板在挤塑原料中加入石墨料，利用其特有无机材料性能，制造出有机保温材料，保持传统挤塑板良好的燃烧性能基础上，在板材泡孔结构的互联壁表面形成高弹性、高强度的轻质保护层，降低产品传热系数，同时增强板材强度和尺寸稳定性。石墨挤塑板比常规挤塑板更低应力，韧性更好，也比常规挤塑板更环保更具市场潜力。
石墨挤塑板虽然可以实现较普通挤塑板而言更低的导热系数，但现有的石墨挤塑板导热系数的维持时间很短，保温效果持续性差。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，针对现有的石墨挤塑板导热系数维持时间短、保温效果持续性差的缺点，提供一种新型的石墨挤塑板。
具体而言，本发明提供的石墨挤塑板，由包括如下成分的原料制备而成：聚苯乙烯颗粒，石墨粉，阻燃剂，发泡剂；其中，所述发泡剂为沸点在-30℃～-0.5℃范围内的物理发泡剂。
作为本发明的优选方案，所述石墨挤塑板，由如下原料制备而成：聚苯乙烯颗粒，石墨粉，阻燃剂，发泡剂；其中，所述发泡剂为沸点在-30℃～-0.5℃范围内的物理发泡剂。
本发明通过大量实践发现，对于添加石墨成分的挤塑板而言，加入沸点在-30℃～-0.5℃范围内的物理发泡剂，可以确保石墨挤塑板的导热系数长时间维持在较低的数值，显著延长保温效果的持续时间。所述物理发泡剂优选为有机类物理发泡剂。
本发明所述发泡剂可以是沸点在上述范围内的单一种类的发泡剂，也可以是多种发泡剂混合后沸点在上述范围内的混合发泡剂。
作为本发明的优选方案，所述发泡剂为沸点在-30℃～-0.5℃、优选在-15℃～-5℃范围内的含氢氟氯烃类发泡剂。含氢氟氯烃，简称HCFCs，是指烷烃中部分氢原子被氯、氟所取代的化合物。进一步优选地，所述发泡剂为一氯二氟乙烷(HCFC-142b)或一氯四氟乙烷(HCFC-124)。
作为本发明的优选方案，所述发泡剂为沸点在-30℃～-0.5℃、优选在-30℃～-15℃范围内的含氢氟烃类发泡剂。含氢氟烃，简称HFCs，是烷烃中部分氢原子被氟取代的化合物。进一步优选地，所述发泡剂为1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFC-134a)。
作为本发明的优选方案，所述发泡剂为二甲醚。
作为本发明的优选方案，所述发泡剂为沸点在-30℃～-0.5℃、优选在-10℃～-0.5℃范围内的脂肪烃类发泡剂。进一步优选地，所述发泡剂为丁烷。
本发明提供的石墨挤塑板中加入石墨粉。石墨粉在常温下有良好的化学稳定性，能耐酸、耐碱和耐有机溶剂的腐蚀，同时还具有耐高温的特性，在挤塑板中加入石墨粉对挤塑板的稳定性具有很大的效益。本发明采用的石墨粉直径较小，分布的均匀性好，应用在挤塑板中可以起到成核剂的作用，还能够有效抑制过程中发泡的孔径，使发泡孔径适中，从而增加了单位体积中的发泡孔密度，使得挤塑板的阻燃效果佳，且在强度方面也可以获得显著提升。作为本发明的优选方案，石墨粉的直径为0.03mm～0.05mm。
本发明提供的石墨挤塑板中，石墨粉与发泡剂之间协同作用，将二者的用量控制在特定的比例范围内，可以在进一步降低石墨挤塑板导热系数的基础上，将较低的导热系数维持更长的时间。具体而言，本发明优选石墨粉与发泡剂的质量比为1：(2～3)。
本发明通过对发泡剂的性质和种类进行优选，可以降低石墨挤塑板原料中石墨粉的用量，在确保挤塑板各方面性能不受影响的前提下降低成本。具体而言，本发明优选所述石墨粉的用量占聚苯乙烯颗粒质量的1～4％，进一步优选为2～3％。
本发明通过对发泡剂的性质和种类进行优选，可以降低石墨挤塑板原料中发泡剂本身的用量。上述用量的减少不仅不会对挤塑板各方面性能造成负面影响，更重要的是，降低挤塑板中发泡剂的含量对环境更加友好，具有极强的环保意义。具体而言，本发明优选所述发泡剂的用量占聚苯乙烯颗粒质量的5～7％，进一步优选为5.5～6.5％。
本发明通过对发泡剂的性质进行优选，无需再加入配合发泡剂反应的其它试剂(如乙醇)，即可实现优异的发泡效果。
作为本发明的优选方案，以重量份计，所述石墨挤塑板由包括如下成分的原料制备而成：聚苯乙烯颗粒100粉，石墨粉1～4份，阻燃剂5～8份，发泡剂5～7份。
作为本发明的优选方案，以重量份计，所述石墨挤塑板由如下原料制备而成：聚苯乙烯颗粒100粉，石墨粉1～4份，阻燃剂5～8份，发泡剂5～7份。
将各原料优选在上述的重量范围内，可以确保各组分协同发挥作用，获得质地轻、强度高、阻燃性能好尤其是保温性能好的石墨挤塑板。
作为本发明的优选方案，所述阻燃剂采用本领域可以起到阻燃作用的已知原料。作为本发明的优选方案，所述阻燃剂可以选用六溴环十二烷，或者更环保的甲基八溴醚。
本发明通过对石墨挤塑板中的各个组分以及用量进行优选后所得到的整体方案，可以在不加入其它助剂的情况下，获得质地轻、强度高、阻燃性能好尤其是将较低导热系数维持更长时间的石墨挤塑板。
本发明同时提供所述石墨挤塑板的制备方法，该方法是将所述原料挤塑成型。
作为本发明的优选方案，所述方法包括如下步骤：
(1)将聚苯乙烯颗粒、石墨粉、阻燃剂加入混料仓进行混料，形成第一混合料；
(2)将双螺杆设备加热至后，将第一混合料注入双螺杆设备进行搅拌，在搅拌过程中加入发泡剂，加热充分搅拌，形成第二混合料；
(3)将第二混合料加入挤塑机，挤压成型，形成挤塑板。
作为本发明的优选方案，所述挤压成型的温度为70～80℃。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的挤塑板通过加入特定的发泡剂，显著延长了石墨挤塑板导热系数的维持时间，提高了石墨挤塑板的保温持续性。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
以下实施例中，各原料均从市场上直接购得。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种石墨挤塑板，其由如下原料制备而成：聚苯乙烯颗粒200g，石墨粉5g，六溴环十二烷12g，一氯二氟乙烷12g。
本实施例提供的石墨挤塑板可以采用如下方法制备：
(1)将聚苯乙烯颗粒、石墨粉、六溴环十二烷加入混料仓进行混料，经混合15分钟后形成第一混合料；
(2)将双螺杆设备加热至185℃后，将第一混合料注入双螺杆设备进行搅拌，在搅拌过程中加入发泡剂，加热搅拌20分钟后形成第二混合料；
(3)将第二混合料加入挤塑机以75℃挤压成型，形成挤塑板。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种石墨挤塑板，其由如下原料制备而成：聚苯乙烯颗粒200g，石墨粉4g，甲基八溴醚10g，一氯二氟乙烷12g。
所述石墨挤塑板的制备方法可参考实施例1。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种石墨挤塑板，其由如下原料制备而成：聚苯乙烯颗粒200g，石墨粉6g，甲基八溴醚14g，一氯二氟乙烷12g。
所述石墨挤塑板的制备方法可参考实施例1。
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种石墨挤塑板，其由如下原料制备而成：聚苯乙烯颗粒200g，石墨粉4g，甲基八溴醚10g，1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷12g。
所述石墨挤塑板的制备方法可参考实施例1。
实施例5
本实施例提供了一种石墨挤塑板，其由如下原料制备而成：聚苯乙烯颗粒200g，石墨粉4g，甲基八溴醚10g，二甲醚12g。
所述石墨挤塑板的制备方法可参考实施例1。
实施例6
本实施例提供了一种石墨挤塑板，其由如下原料制备而成：聚苯乙烯颗粒200g，石墨粉6g，甲基八溴醚14g，丁烷12g。
所述石墨挤塑板的制备方法可参考实施例1。
实施例7
本实施例提供了一种石墨挤塑板，其由如下原料制备而成：聚苯乙烯颗粒200g，石墨粉5g，甲基八溴醚10g，一氯二氟乙烷10g。
所述石墨挤塑板的制备方法可参考实施例1。
实施例8
本实施例提供了一种石墨挤塑板，其由如下原料制备而成：聚苯乙烯颗粒200g，石墨粉7g，甲基八溴醚14g，一氯二氟乙烷14g。
所述石墨挤塑板的制备方法可参考实施例1。
对比例1
与实施例1相比，区别仅在于：用一氯二氟甲烷(HCFC-22)代替所述一氯二氟乙烷作为发泡剂。
对比例2
与实施例1相比，区别仅在于：用二氧化碳代替所述一氯二氟乙烷作为发泡剂。
实验例1
本实验例对各实施例和对比例提供的石墨挤塑板的导热系数进行测试。
本发明参照国标GB/T 10801.2-2018绝热用挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料，将制备得到的石墨挤塑板放置0月、1.5个月、3个月后，检测其在25℃下的导热系数。结果如表1所示。
表1：石墨挤塑板25℃导热系数(单位：W/m.K)
0月 1.5个月 3个月
实施例1 0.01856 0.02033 0.02291
实施例2 0.01892 0.02157 0.02307
实施例3 0.01958 0.02123 0.02322
实施例4 0.01834 0.02098 0.02285
实施例5 0.01982 0.02254 0.02350
实施例6 0.01855 0.02103 0.02260
实施例7 0.01991 0.02241 0.02331
实施例8 0.01861 0.02144 0.02319
对比例1 0.02062 0.02449 0.02656
对比例2 0.02153 0.02516 0.02791
由以上结果可知，本发明提供的石墨挤塑板放置0个月、1.5个月、3个月后，在25℃下的导热系数均明显低于对比例，能够将较低的导热系数维持更长的时间。
实验例2
对实施例1～10提供的挤塑板其它性能进行检测。检测项目、方法、标准以及检测结果如表2所示。
表2：石墨挤塑板性能测试
项目 参照标准 标准要求 结果(实施例1～10)
压缩强度 GB/T 10801.2 ≥150kPa 260
尺寸稳定性 GB/T 10801.2 ≤1.5％ 0.9％
氧指数 GB/T 30595 ≥30％ 32％
拉拔强度 GB/T 30595 ≥0.2MPa 0.28
燃烧性能 GB/T 10801.2 不低于B2级 B1级
由以上结果可知，本发明提供的石墨挤塑板质地轻、强度高，阻燃性能好，非常适合用于保温建材领域。
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明、具体实施方式及试验，对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种石墨挤塑板，其特征在于，由包括如下成分的原料制备而成：聚苯乙烯颗粒，石墨粉，阻燃剂以及发泡剂；其中，所述发泡剂为沸点在-30℃～-0.5℃范围内的物理发泡剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的石墨挤塑板，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为沸点在-30℃～-0.5℃范围内、优选为-15℃～-5℃范围内的含氢氟氯烃类发泡剂，进一步优选为一氯二氟乙烷或一氯四氟乙烷。
3.根据权利要求1所述的石墨挤塑板，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为沸点在-30℃～-0.5℃范围内、优选为-30℃～-15℃范围内的含氢氟烃类发泡剂，进一步优选为1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷。
4.根据权利要求1所述的石墨挤塑板，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为二甲醚。
5.根据权利要求1所述的石墨挤塑板，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为沸点在-30℃～-0.5℃范围内、优选为-10℃～-0.5℃范围内的脂肪烃类发泡剂，进一步优选为正丁烷。
6.根据权利要求1～5任意一项所述的石墨挤塑板，其特征在于，所述石墨粉与发泡剂的质量比为1：(2～3)。
7.根据权利要求1～5任意一项所述的石墨挤塑板，其特征在于，所述石墨粉的用量占聚苯乙烯颗粒质量的1～4％，优选为2～3％；
和/或，所述发泡剂的用量占聚苯乙烯颗粒质量的5～7％，优选为5.5～6.5％。
8.根据权利要求1～7任意一项所述的石墨挤塑板，其特征在于，以重量份计，所述原料中：聚苯乙烯颗粒100份，石墨粉1～4份，阻燃剂5～8份，发泡剂5～7份。
9.根据权利要求1或8所述的石墨挤塑板，其特征在于，所述阻燃剂为六溴环十二烷或甲基八溴醚。
10.权利要求1～9任意一项所述石墨挤塑板的制备方法，其特征在于，将所述原料挤塑成型；
优选地，所述方法包括如下步骤：
(1)将聚苯乙烯颗粒、石墨粉、阻燃剂加入混料仓进行混料，形成第一混合料；
(2)将双螺杆设备加热至后，将第一混合料注入双螺杆设备进行搅拌，在搅拌过程中加入发泡剂，加热充分搅拌，形成第二混合料；
(3)将第二混合料加入挤塑机，挤压成型，形成挤塑板。
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