CN111572140A - 一种防火耐火结构 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防火耐火结构，包括耐火层、设置于耐火层相对两侧的隔离层、和/或设置于隔离层相对外侧的防护层，耐火层按重量份数包括如下组分，改性环氧树脂50份、蓖麻油型聚氨酯20‑30份、有机硅氧烷15‑20份、补强填料5‑10份、阻燃填料3‑10份、耐火填料5‑8份、成炭剂1‑3份，本发明通过耐火层阻燃剂、耐火填料、补强填料的协同作用，可以提高其降温隔火性能，辅以隔离层的燃烧后块状壳体隔火性能，可以提高阻燃效果，改善防火耐火性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防火耐火结构，一种具有优异的阻燃性能、防火耐火性能的结构。
背景技术
国内外各个行业越来越重视电力防火和建筑防火，并且各国政府也出台了很多的要求和标准，并耐火防火要求等级也越来越高。
电力行业最大的安全点就是电力电缆，无论是电力传输、输电、变电，还是电力电缆和电力设备密集处，都是防护的关键点。做好电力安全防护能极大的消除隐患，减少火灾发生，能极大程度上改善工业和生活的安全环境。目前，建筑行业安全隐患主要集中在两方面，一是电力安全及防火；另一个是保温防火，如何提高结构层的防火耐火性能是目前急需解决的问题，同时，在制备和使用时，有如何有效避免防火耐火结构的损伤也筮待解决。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防火耐火结构，本发明通过耐火层阻燃剂、耐火填料、补强填料的协同作用，可以提高其降温隔火性能，辅以隔离层的燃烧后块状壳体隔火性能，可以提高阻燃效果，改善防火耐火性能。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种防火耐火结构，包括耐火层、设置于耐火层相对两侧的隔离层、和/或设置于隔离层相对外侧的防护层，其中，所述耐火层按重量份数包括如下组分，改性环氧树脂50份、蓖麻油型聚氨酯20-30份、有机硅氧烷15-20份、补强填料5-10份、阻燃填料3-10份、耐火填料5-8份、成炭剂1-3份。
选择改性环氧树脂作为载体，改善无机粉料在生产加工过程中的缺陷和污染，可提升产品可加工性能，产品通过不同加工工艺制成需要的产品或性状，极大的改善了产品应用范围和应用难易度，同时其可以完全包裹无机填料有效成分，形成更有效的产品；用蓖麻油型聚氨酯与改性环氧树脂形成结构体系，其力学性能和热性能得到大幅度提高。
耐火层经常温混合加工后，可以根据使用工况需要加工成膏状、液体状的产品；亦可以加工成高分子颗粒状，或者经挤出/模压/注射成型不同的形状；同时产品可以浇注成形为各种异形产品。
作为进一步的优化，所述隔离层为阻燃橡胶片、片状发泡材料或片状半发泡材料中的一种，具有极好的阻燃性能，并具有较好的橡胶弹性，材料不燃或难燃，具有较好的保温性能，材料经过火焰或高温后成块状，起到隔离火源的作用。
作为进一步的优化，所述隔离层上贴合于耐火层的一侧具有凸起；作为进一步的优化，所述凸起为棱状凸起、锯齿凸起或“V”字型凸起中的一种或多重组合。
凸起可以使隔离层与耐火层之间形成更有效的贴合，从而增大接触面之间的摩擦力；通过V型设置，可以增大接触面内多个方向的摩擦力，防止滑移。
作为进一步的优化，所述补强填料为炭黑、白炭黑、硅微粉、硅藻土中一种或多种；所述耐火填料为矿物硅酸盐、玻璃粉、含水硅酸钠、含水硫酸钙中的一种或几种。
所述有机硅氧烷为硅烷偶联剂A-151、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、含氢基硅油、含羟基硅油、含羟基液体中的一种或多种。
选择特定的耐火填料与补强填料，常温加工可以保持耐火填料中有效的结晶水，在常态下可以保留极好的导热性能，在遇到明火或高温后，其结晶水成分可以在材料内部形成水到水汽再到水的循环，极大高效的降温隔火，不燃并且极大的程度隔离火源、隔离温度。
所述阻燃填料为氢氧化物、氧化铝、氧化锌、哌嗪、硫代磷酸盐中的一种或多种。
作为进一步的优化，所述成炭剂为淀粉、蔗糖、山梨醇、季戊四醇中的一种或多种，成炭剂在受热后形成不易燃烧的三维空间结构的泡沫碳化层，起到隔绝火势蔓延的作用。
作为进一步的优化，包括耐火层、隔离层和防护层，所述防护层为金属薄铂型材料层、金属纺织网状材料层或无机纤维纺织网状材料层，可以有对隔离层进行防护，防止施工或使用过程中破坏。
与已有技术相比，本发明的有益效果体现在：
1.本发明耐火层为一种阻燃耐火高分子材料，具有极好的阻燃性能，极好的导热性能，在遇到明火或380℃以上高温度条件下可以形成块状隔离物，块状隔离物十分坚硬，类似陶质材料，能起到隔火隔温的效果；
2.本发明隔离层具有极好的阻燃性能，具有较好的橡胶弹性，材料不燃或难燃，材料经过火焰或高温后成块状；
3.本发明防护层可以有对隔离层进行防护，防止施工或使用过程中破坏。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种实施例的结构图。
图2为本发明另一种实施例的结构图。
图中，10.防护层；20.隔离层；30.耐火层。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例，结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述，但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
如图2所示，一种防火耐火结构，包括耐火层、设置于耐火层相对两侧的隔离层，其中，耐火层按重量份数包括如下组分，改性环氧树脂50份、蓖麻油型聚氨酯26份、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷20份、白炭黑8.5份、氧化铝7.5份、含水硫酸钙8份、山梨醇1.5份；隔离层为阻燃橡胶片，其贴合于耐火层的一侧具有棱状凸起。
实施例2
如图2所示，一种防火耐火结构，包括耐火层、设置于耐火层相对两侧的隔离层，其中，耐火层按重量份数包括如下组分，改性环氧树脂50份、蓖麻油型聚氨酯21份、硅烷偶联剂A-15115.5份、硅藻土5份、硫代磷酸盐10份、含水硅酸钠7.5份、山梨醇1份；隔离层为阻燃橡胶片，其上贴合于耐火层的一侧具有锯齿凸起。
实施例3
如图2所示，一种防火耐火结构，包括耐火层、设置于耐火层相对两侧的隔离层，其中，耐火层按重量份数包括如下组分，改性环氧树脂50份、蓖麻油型聚氨酯30份、含氢基硅油15份、硅微粉6.5份、氧化锌4.5份、含水硅酸钠5份、蔗糖3份；隔离层为片状发泡材料，燃烧后呈壳体状，其贴合于耐火层的一侧具有“V”字型凸起。
实施例4
如图1所示，一种防火耐火结构，包括耐火层、设置于耐火层相对两侧的隔离层、以及设置于隔离层相对外侧的防护层，其中，耐火层按重量份数包括如下组分，改性环氧树脂50份、蓖麻油型聚氨酯20份、含羟基硅油18.5份、硅藻土10份、氧化锌6份、含水硫酸钙5.5份、淀粉2.5份；隔离层为阻燃橡胶片，其贴合于耐火层的一侧具有棱状凸起；防护层为无机纤维纺织网状材料层。
应用实施例
将实施例1至4进行阻燃效果测试，测试UL94阻燃垂直燃烧等级和极限氧指数(GB/T2406-1993)，测试数据如下表所示。
| 性能测试 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 |
| 垂直燃烧级别 | V0 | V0 | V0 | V0 |
| 氧指数(％) | 38 | 37 | 36 | 36 |
通过实验数据可知，本发明通过耐火填料、补强填料的协同作用，可以提高其降温隔火性能，同时辅以隔离层的燃烧后块状壳体隔火性能，可以改善防火耐火结构的垂直燃烧级别和极限氧指数，从而可以提高阻燃效果，改善防火耐火性能。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种防火耐火结构，其特征在于，包括耐火层、设置于耐火层相对两侧的隔离层、和/或设置于隔离层相对外侧的防护层，其中，所述耐火层按重量份数包括如下组分，改性环氧树脂50份、蓖麻油型聚氨酯20-30份、有机硅氧烷15-20份、补强填料5-10份、阻燃填料3-10份、耐火填料5-8份、成炭剂1-3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防火耐火结构，其特征在于，所述隔离层为阻燃橡胶片、片状发泡材料或片状半发泡材料中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的防火耐火结构，其特征在于，所述隔离层上贴合于耐火层的一侧具有凸起。
4.根据权利要求3所述的防火耐火结构，其特征在于，所述凸起为棱状凸起、锯齿凸起或“V”字型凸起中的一种或多重组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的防火耐火结构，其特征在于，所述有机硅氧烷为硅烷偶联剂A-151、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、含氢基硅油、含羟基硅油、含羟基液体中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的防火耐火结构，其特征在于，所述补强填料为炭黑、白炭黑、硅微粉、硅藻土中一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的防火耐火结构，其特征在于，所述耐火填料为矿物硅酸盐、玻璃粉、含水硅酸钠、含水硫酸钙中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的防火耐火结构，其特征在于，所述阻燃填料为氢氧化物、氧化铝、氧化锌、哌嗪、硫代磷酸盐中的一种或多种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的防火耐火结构，其特征在于，所述成炭剂为淀粉、蔗糖、山梨醇、季戊四醇中的一种或多种。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的防火耐火结构，其特征在于，包括耐火层、隔离层和防护层，所述防护层为金属薄铂型材料层、金属纺织网状材料层或无机纤维纺织网状材料层。
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