CN112226126A - 一种石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112226126A
CN112226126A CN202011091780.7A CN202011091780A CN112226126A CN 112226126 A CN112226126 A CN 112226126A CN 202011091780 A CN202011091780 A CN 202011091780A CN 112226126 A CN112226126 A CN 112226126A
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graphene
retardant coating
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郑罡
南钰
宋瑞卿
赵明
王军亭
郝婧
王艳芝
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Zhongyuan University of Technology
Kaifeng Power Supply Co of State Grid Henan Electric Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料及其制备方法,包括以下重量份的原料:水性成膜基料55~72份、石墨烯0.01~5份、二氧化硅1.5~3.0份、蒙脱土1.5~3.0份、水40~55份、聚磷酸铵50~60份、三聚氰胺30~36、季戊四醇20~24份、钛白粉12~15份、助剂3~5份。本发明工艺简单,制作方便;本发明的阻燃涂料属于水性膨胀型阻燃涂料,采用水为溶剂,对环境友好;在涂料中使用了石墨烯,提高了防火性能;添加的纳米二氧化硅,可提高材料的防火能力、防水能力和机械性能;纳米蒙脱土能有效地提高防火效率。

Description

一种石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及涂料技术领域,特别是涉及一种石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料及其制备方法。
背景技术
电是当代社会的主要能源,电力输送离不开电线电缆。随着中国经济的快速发展,电力电缆被广泛应用于工业化、城镇化和信息化建设,人们对电力系统的依赖程度也随着城市发展进程的加快而增强。
电缆外层包含有外护套、阻水层和绝缘层等多层聚合物结构,均具有易燃性,也使得电缆的传热、形变与燃烧过程变得复杂,当电缆在过载、短路、局部过热等故障状态或外热作用下可能引发火灾事故,因而电气火灾的防治一直是消防工作的重点。我国《电力工程电缆设计标准》对电缆的防火提出以下对策:采用防火分隔,采用耐火电缆,采用阻燃电缆及增设专用消防装置等等。电缆系统的敷设,往往难免穿墙破洞,从而一定程度上破坏了防火隔断,并进而导致防火分区功能弱化,因此,防火隔墙两侧附近电缆着火与燃烧性能的抑制,对于阻止电缆火灾纵向蔓延扩大是极为重要的,也是电缆系统热灾害防治水平提高的重要环节。在防火隔断两侧附近电缆表面涂覆防火涂层,可以有效减少电缆火灾的蔓延和传播,是一种常用的、经济的方法。
防火涂料即阻燃涂料,将其涂覆在物体表面阻隔热量传递、降低物体的可燃性,具有降低其升温速率,阻滞火势蔓延,提高物体耐火极限的作用。目前国内使用的主要是溶剂型电缆阻燃涂料,市场占有率达到95%以上。尽管它对电缆的阻燃起到了一定的作用,但仍存在许多不尽人意的缺点,主要表现在以下几个方面:1)涂料的固含量仅50%,使用后将有50%的有害有机溶剂完全挥发污染大气环境。2)涂料的生产和施工过程伴有大量有机溶剂挥发,严重影响生产施工人员身体健康。3)在电缆隧道施工过程中,由于密闭环境通风不好,施工人员很难连续施工,会严重影响工程施工进度和效率。4)有机溶剂的易燃性导致涂料施工及涂膜干燥过程隐藏着极大火灾隐患。因此只有在阻燃涂料完全干燥的条件下,才能起到阻燃作用,否则还会扩大火灾的趋势。因此需要新的阻燃涂料来满足电线电缆的阻燃需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的就在于克服上述不足,提供一种石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料及其制备方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明是按照以下技术方案实施的:
一种石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料,包括以下重量份的原料:水性成膜基料55~72份、石墨烯0.01~5份、二氧化硅1.5~3.0份、蒙脱土1.5~3.0份、水40~55份、聚磷酸铵50~60份、三聚氰胺30~36、季戊四醇20~24份、钛白粉12~15份、助剂3~5份。
优选的,所述石墨烯为纳米氧化石墨烯;所述二氧化硅为纳米二氧化硅;所述蒙脱土为纳米蒙脱土。
优选的,所述水性成膜基料为丙烯酸乳液、丙烯酸聚氨酯共聚乳液、醋叔聚合物乳液、硅丙乳液中的至少一种。
优选的,所述助剂为分散剂、成膜助剂、消泡剂、流平剂中的最少一种。
优选的,所述水性成膜基料为丙烯酸乳液、丙烯酸聚氨酯共聚乳液的混合物;所述丙烯酸乳液、丙烯酸聚氨酯共聚乳液的质量比为3:2。
优选的,所述水性成膜基料为丙烯酸乳液、硅丙乳液的混合物;所述丙烯酸乳液、硅丙乳液的质量比为1:1。
本发明还公开了石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将水性成膜基料与石墨烯使用超声波搅拌装置混合搅拌30~60min,得到混合乳液;
(2)将聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺、季戊四醇、钛白粉、二氧化硅、蒙脱土加入高速分散机中,高速搅拌60~100min,得到混合液;
(3)将混合乳液与混合液均转移到低速搅拌器中,加入水与助剂,进行混合搅拌,搅拌60~120min,得到浆料;
(4)将浆料转入研磨机中,研磨细度至35μm,出料既得阻燃涂料。
本发明的作用原理:
本发明的阻燃涂料中,采用了石墨烯,石墨烯的二维片层结构能在涂料中层层叠加,形成致密的物理隔绝层,提高阻燃性能;石墨烯可以与涂料中成膜基料进行交联复合,进一步形成一层致密的保护膜,起到阻隔空气的作用,从而发挥阻燃的效果;在高温下石墨烯燃烧产生二氧化碳和水,并生成更加致密、连续的碳层,阻隔作用更强。
本发明采用聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺、季戊四醇作为膨胀体系,在此体系中使用了石墨烯,石墨烯可以在涂料受热膨胀时诱导生成“骨架”物质,显著增强碳层,发挥阻燃作用。且还能有效的抑制燃烧过程中想成的固体颗粒物的溢出,抑烟效果明显。
本发明添加的纳米二氧化硅,可提高材料的防火能力、防水能力和机械性能;纳米蒙脱土能有效地提高防火效率,并使防火涂料的耐热老化后防火能力得到较大提高,可在膨胀材料表面形成陶瓷状的保护层,并可在涂料中形成互穿网络,从而提高涂料的防火能力和耐热老化能力。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明工艺简单,制作方便;本发明的阻燃涂料属于水性膨胀型阻燃涂料,采用水为溶剂,对环境友好;在涂料中使用了石墨烯,提高了防火性能;添加的纳米二氧化硅,可提高材料的防火能力、防水能力和机械性能;纳米蒙脱土能有效地提高防火效率。
具体实施方式
下面以具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述,在此发明的示意性实施例以及说明用来解释本发明,但并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1
一种石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料,包括以下重量份的原料:水性成膜基料63份、纳米氧化石墨烯0.045份、纳米二氧化硅2.2份、纳米蒙脱土2.3份、水49份、聚磷酸铵55份、三聚氰胺33、季戊四醇22份、钛白粉13份、助剂4份。
水性成膜基料为硅丙乳液;助剂为分散剂、成膜助剂;分散剂为多聚磷酸钠,成膜助剂为乙二醇酯;分散剂、成膜助剂的质量比为5:2。
石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将水性成膜基料与石墨烯使用超声波搅拌装置混合搅拌45min,得到混合乳液;
(2)将聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺、季戊四醇、钛白粉、二氧化硅、蒙脱土加入高速分散机中,高速搅拌80min,得到混合液;
(3)将混合乳液与混合液均转移到低速搅拌器中,加入水与助剂,进行混合搅拌,搅拌90min,得到浆料;
(4)将浆料转入研磨机中,研磨细度至35μm,出料既得阻燃涂料。
实施例2
一种石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料,包括以下重量份的原料:水性成膜基料55份、纳米氧化石墨烯4.5份、纳米二氧化硅1.7份、纳米蒙脱土2.9份、水40份、聚磷酸铵60份、三聚氰胺36、季戊四醇24份、钛白粉15份、助剂5份。
水性成膜基料为丙烯酸乳液、丙烯酸聚氨酯共聚乳液的混合物;丙烯酸乳液、丙烯酸聚氨酯共聚乳液的质量比为3:2。助剂为分散剂、成膜助剂、消泡剂;分散剂为六偏磷酸钠,成膜助剂为聚乙二醇,消泡剂为聚二甲基硅氧烷,分散剂、成膜助剂、消泡剂的质量比为3:1:1。
石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将水性成膜基料与石墨烯使用超声波搅拌装置混合搅拌60min,得到混合乳液;
(2)将聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺、季戊四醇、钛白粉、二氧化硅、蒙脱土加入高速分散机中,高速搅拌100min,得到混合液;
(3)将混合乳液与混合液均转移到低速搅拌器中,加入水与助剂,进行混合搅拌,搅拌120min,得到浆料;
(4)将浆料转入研磨机中,研磨细度至35μm,出料既得阻燃涂料。
实施例3
一种石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料,包括以下重量份的原料:水性成膜基料72份、纳米氧化石墨烯3份、纳米二氧化硅3.0份、纳米蒙脱土1.5份、水55份、聚磷酸铵55份、三聚氰胺32、季戊四醇20份、钛白粉13份、助剂3份。
水性成膜基料为丙烯酸乳液、硅丙乳液的混合物;丙烯酸乳液、硅丙乳液的质量比为1:1。助剂为分散剂、成膜助剂、消泡剂、流平剂;分散剂为三聚磷酸钾,成膜助剂为乙二醇丁醚,消泡剂为聚二甲基硅氧烷,流平剂为丙烯酸酯;分散剂、成膜助剂、消泡剂、流平剂质量比为3:1:1:0.5。
石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将水性成膜基料与石墨烯使用超声波搅拌装置混合搅拌30min,得到混合乳液;
(2)将聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺、季戊四醇、钛白粉、二氧化硅、蒙脱土加入高速分散机中,高速搅拌60min,得到混合液;
(3)将混合乳液与混合液均转移到低速搅拌器中,加入水与助剂,进行混合搅拌,搅拌60min,得到浆料;
(4)将浆料转入研磨机中,研磨细度至35μm,出料既得阻燃涂料。
本发明的技术方案不限于上述具体实施例的限制,凡是根据本发明的技术方案做出的技术变形,均落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料,其特征在于:包括以下重量份的原料:水性成膜基料55~72份、石墨烯0.01~5份、二氧化硅1.5~3.0份、蒙脱土1.5~3.0份、水40~55份、聚磷酸铵50~60份、三聚氰胺30~36、季戊四醇20~24份、钛白粉12~15份、助剂3~5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料,其特征在于:所述石墨烯为纳米氧化石墨烯;所述二氧化硅为纳米二氧化硅;所述蒙脱土为纳米蒙脱土。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料,其特征在于:所述水性成膜基料为丙烯酸乳液、丙烯酸聚氨酯共聚乳液、醋叔聚合物乳液、硅丙乳液中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料,其特征在于:所述助剂为分散剂、成膜助剂、消泡剂、流平剂中的最少一种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料,其特征在于:所述水性成膜基料为丙烯酸乳液、丙烯酸聚氨酯共聚乳液的混合物;所述丙烯酸乳液、丙烯酸聚氨酯共聚乳液的质量比为3:2。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料,其特征在于:所述水性成膜基料为丙烯酸乳液、硅丙乳液的混合物;所述丙烯酸乳液、硅丙乳液的质量比为1:1。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的石墨烯电线电缆阻燃涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将水性成膜基料与石墨烯使用超声波搅拌装置混合搅拌30~60min,得到混合乳液;
(2)将聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺、季戊四醇、钛白粉、二氧化硅、蒙脱土加入高速分散机中,高速搅拌60~100min,得到混合液;
(3)将混合乳液与混合液均转移到低速搅拌器中,加入水与助剂,进行混合搅拌,搅拌60~120min,得到浆料;
(4)将浆料转入研磨机中,研磨细度至35μm,出料既得阻燃涂料。
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