CN111560214A - 一种超双疏复合涂层及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种超双疏复合涂层及其制备方法和应用。本发明的超双疏复合涂层中,通过微米级颗粒和纳米级颗粒构筑微纳层级结构,可以增强涂层的抗磨损性能。构筑的微纳层级结构中嵌入了大量空气,会形成连续的空气层,进而提高涂层的超双疏性能。同时构筑的微纳层级结构大幅减少了液体与涂层表面的直接接触面积,进而提高了超双疏性能。超双疏复合涂层中,通过缩聚反应合成了一种化学与物理双交联的聚氨酯底漆,该底漆在室温环境下便可交联固化形成聚氨酯底漆层,将微纳层级结构强力粘接在各种基材表面。聚氨酯链段中的亲水基团使聚合物分子具有较好的水溶性,可减少有机溶剂的使用,节约成本,绿色环保。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于涂层技术领域,具体涉及一种超双疏复合涂层及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
超双疏指超疏水和超疏油。超双疏表面指对水和油性液体的接触角大于150°,且滚动角小于10°的材料表面。与超疏水性表面相比,超双疏表面不仅在防污,自清洁,减阻,金属防腐,以及抗粘连方面具有更广泛的应用,而且在原油运输、集油和防油等领域也具有独特的应用潜力。
通过研究发现,影响材料表面超疏现象的因素主要有两个:低表面能和粗糙结构。通过使用氟化化合物作为低表面能组分,并使用诸如SiO2、TiO2、ZnO、多壁碳纳米管或覆盆子状聚合物颗粒等各种填料,来引入纳米粗糙结构或微米/纳米分层粗糙结构,可以捕获空气并减少固液接触面积,最终实现表面的超疏水超疏油性能。然而,材料的低表面能,使超双疏表面与基材的附着力差。同时由于精密粗糙结构自身的脆弱性,使具有精密粗糙结构的超双疏表面容易在外部磨损下丧失超双疏性能。因此,如何有效提高超双疏表面的耐磨损能力成为超双疏表面材料开发的关键。
现有技术中,已有许多方法来制备超双疏表面,如等离子体刻蚀法、等离子体变形法、模板刻蚀法、光刻法、静电纺丝法、化学沉积法、相分离法和逐层组装法等。尽管上述方法可以制备出超双疏表面,然而上述方法仍然局限于实验室阶段,且上述方法制备得到的很多表面,在具备耐磨的超双疏性能前,还需要经过高温处理使其交联固化,而高温处理会消耗大量的能量,限制了其在基材中的广泛应用。因此,在不使用复杂方法和昂贵设备的情况下,大规模地制备室温可用的抗磨损超双疏表面,在实际应用中具有非常重要的价值。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此,本发明提出一种超双疏复合涂层及其制备方法和应用。
本发明第一方面提供了一种超双疏复合涂层,包括聚氨酯底漆层;以及,覆盖于所述聚氨酯底漆层表面的超双疏面漆层;所述聚氨酯底漆层中分布有微米级颗粒;所述超双疏面漆层中分布有纳米级颗粒。
上述超双疏复合涂层中,通过微米级颗粒和纳米级颗粒构筑微纳层级结构,可以增强涂层的抗磨损性能。构筑的微纳层级结构中嵌入了大量空气,会形成连续的空气层,进而提高涂层的超双疏性能。同时构筑的微纳层级结构大幅减少了液体与涂层表面的直接接触面积,进而提高了超双疏性能。
上述超双疏复合涂层中,聚氨酯底漆层为水性底漆,环保;可实现室温自干;水为溶剂能较好分散粒子,为理想的底漆类型。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述超双疏面漆层的厚度为10~20μm。
对超双疏影响性能最大的是直接与液体接触的面漆层。若底漆层太薄,影响涂层对基材附着力。若面漆层太薄,影响超疏水超疏油性能。
底漆层厚度优选25~40μm,面漆层厚度优选10~20微米μm。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述微米级颗粒的粒径范围是1~10μm;优选2μm。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述纳米级颗粒的粒径范围是15~40nm;优选15nm。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述聚氨酯底漆层包括以下重量份计的制备原料:
硬段单体:20~30份,
软短单体:30~40份,
亲水单体:3~6份,
交联单体:1~3份,
小分子扩链剂:2~5份,
低表面能化合物:5~15份,
微米级颗粒:5~15份。
上述聚氨酯底漆层的制备原料中,硬段单体的作用是调节聚氨酯力学性能。软短单体的作用是调节聚氨酯力学性能。亲水单体的作用是增强聚氨酯在水中分散性。交联单体的作用是提高聚氨酯交联度,形成三维网络结构。小分子扩链剂的作用是增加聚氨酯链分子量并形成具有强氢键作用的脲键。低表面能化合物的作用是降低聚氨酯表面能。微米级粒子的作用是形成微米级粗糙度。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述微米级颗粒包括微米SiO2颗粒、微米TiO2颗粒、微米ZnO颗粒和微米PTFE颗粒中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述的硬段单体为甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)中的至少一种;优选为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述的软段单体为聚酯二醇;优选为聚(己二酸)-(2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇)-(1,4-丁二醇)酯二醇。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述的亲水单体为1,4-丁二醇-2-磺酸钠、1,2-丙二醇-3-磺酸钠、乙二氨基乙磺酸钠、2,4-二氨基苯磺酸、二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸中的至少一种;优选为二羟甲基丁酸。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述的交联单体为丙三醇、三异丙醇胺、季戊四醇、三羟甲基丙烷中的至少一种;优选为三羟甲基丙烷。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述的小分子扩链剂为乙二胺、二甲基丙二胺、四甲基丙二胺、间苯二胺中的至少一种;优选为乙二胺。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述的低表面能化合物为单羟烷基有机氟;优选的,所述的单羟烷基有机氟为3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-十三氟-1-辛醇、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-十五氟-1-辛醇、1H,1H,9H-十六氟-1-壬醇、1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟-1-癸醇中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述聚氨酯底漆层的制备原料还包括底漆催化剂,所述的底漆催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡,其用量占制备原料中有效成分总质量的0~0.1%。底漆催化剂的作用是促进羟基与异氰酸酯基的反应生成氨基甲酸酯基。
所制备的聚氨酯底漆层,在应用前,其已具备耐水耐溶剂的三维网络结构,同时在聚氨酯网络中引入了具有强氢键作用的脲键,其可在室温条件下形成强物理交联,无需另加固化剂固化。此外,使用了室温便可挥发的水分散,使其在室温下可自干。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述超双疏面漆层包括以下重量份计的制备原料:
纳米级颗粒:30~40份,
氟化硅烷偶联剂:50~60份。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述纳米级颗粒包括纳米SiO2颗粒、纳米TiO2颗粒、纳米ZnO颗粒、纳米PTFE颗粒和多壁碳纳米管中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述氟化硅烷偶联剂为十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷、十七氟癸基三氯硅烷、十七氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷、十三氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述的制备原料还包括面漆催化剂,所述的面漆催化剂为质量分数5wt%~10wt%的乙酸水溶液,其用量占制备原料中有效成分总质量的5~10%。面漆催化剂的作用是促进氟化硅烷偶联剂上的烷氧基/卤素水解生成Si–OH。
所制备的超双疏面漆层,在一定温度和催化剂催化下,氟化硅烷偶联剂上的烷氧基/卤素加速水解生成Si-OH后,与粒子表面羟基缩合从而实现粒子低表面能改性并提高粒子在溶液中分散性。
本发明第二方面提供了制备上述超双疏复合涂层的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:分别制备聚氨酯底漆涂料与超双疏面漆涂料;
S2:将步骤S1制备得到的聚氨酯底漆涂料喷涂于基材表面,固化后形成聚氨酯底漆层;
S3:在步骤S2形成的聚氨酯底漆层表面喷涂超双疏面漆涂料,固化后即得所述超双疏复合涂层。
步骤S1中:
聚氨酯底漆涂料的制备方法为:
按配比将软段单体、亲水单体和交联单体分别在80℃~120℃真空脱水后混合均匀,然后在搅拌条件下加入硬段单体和底漆催化剂,升温至70℃~85℃反应2~6h后加入低表面能化合物继续反应2~4h,得预聚体。将所得预聚体冷却至20℃~40℃后加入三乙胺进行中和,接着加水进行分散乳化,然后加入小分子扩链剂扩链0.5~2h,扩链完成后加入微米级颗粒,继续分散1~3h。
聚氨酯底漆涂料的固含为20~40%。
超双疏面漆涂料的制备方法为:
按配比将将纳米级颗粒分散在5~20wt%的水丙酮溶液中,超声混合均匀后转移到温度为50~70℃的反应釜中,然后加入氟化硅烷偶联剂和面漆催化剂的混合溶液,800~1500rpm保温反应3~6h。
超双疏面漆涂料的固含为1.5~6.0%。
制备超双疏复合涂层时:
将所得聚氨酯底漆装入喷枪中(0.25mm喷嘴直径,30psi操作气压),在距离为10~15cm喷涂1毫升/英寸于玻璃、木材、陶瓷、金属等各种基材;室温固化15~30min后采用相同喷涂工艺将所述超双疏面漆装入喷枪中喷涂1.5毫升/英寸于聚氨酯底漆表面,室温自干2~5h后即得。
本发明第三方面提供了上述超双疏复合涂层在自清洁表面中的应用。
优选在防油污表面中的应用。
优选在玻璃、木材、金属、陶瓷、皮革、聚酯薄膜表面的应用。
根据本发明的超双疏复合涂层,至少具有如下技术效果:
本发明的超双疏复合涂层中,通过微米级颗粒和纳米级颗粒构筑微纳层级结构,可以增强涂层的抗磨损性能。构筑的微纳层级结构中嵌入了大量空气,会形成连续的空气层,进而提高涂层的超双疏性能。同时构筑的微纳层级结构大幅减少了液体与涂层表面的直接接触面积,进而提高了超双疏性能。
超双疏复合涂层中,通过缩聚反应合成了一种化学与物理双交联的聚氨酯底漆,该底漆在室温环境下便可交联固化形成聚氨酯底漆层,将微纳层级结构强力粘接在各种基材表面。聚氨酯链段中的亲水基团使聚合物分子具有较好的水溶性,可减少有机溶剂的使用,节约成本,绿色环保。
超双疏复合涂层的制备方法简单易行,喷涂工艺在工业上已经非常成熟,具有可观的经济与社会效益。
本发明的超双疏复合涂层具有优异自清洁性能,且经过磨损处理后仍能保持良好超疏水超疏油性能。
本发明的超双疏复合涂层对水、十六烷、原油等等不同粘度的液体表现低粘附性,具有广阔的应用前景。
超双疏复合涂层中,无需自行自备微米级颗粒和纳米级颗粒,可直接购买商用颗粒进行修饰,方便调节。
附图说明
图1为超双疏复合涂层A的接触角测试结果图。
图2为复合涂层A、D、E和F经400次摩擦循环后的水接触角和滑动角变化结果。
图3为复合涂层A、D、E和F经400次摩擦循环后的正十六烷接触角和滑动角变化结果。
图4为超双疏复合涂层的自清洁性能示意图。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例,并结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例
本例制备了三种超双疏复合涂层,编号分别为A~C。
该超双疏复合涂层包括聚氨酯底漆层;以及,覆盖于聚氨酯底漆层表面的超双疏面漆层;聚氨酯底漆层中分布有微米级颗粒;所述超双疏面漆层中分布有纳米级颗粒。
超双疏复合涂层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:分别制备聚氨酯底漆涂料与超双疏面漆涂料;
S2:将步骤S1制备得到的聚氨酯底漆涂料喷涂于基材表面,固化后形成聚氨酯底漆层;
S3:在步骤S2形成的聚氨酯底漆层表面喷涂超双疏面漆涂料,固化后即得所述超双疏复合涂层。
步骤S1中,聚氨酯底漆涂料的制备方法为:
按配比将软段单体、亲水单体和交联单体分别在100℃真空脱水后混合均匀,然后在搅拌条件下加入硬段单体和底漆催化剂,升温至80℃反应3h后加入低表面能化合物继续反应2h,得预聚体。将所得预聚体冷却至30℃后加入三乙胺进行中和,接着加水进行分散乳化,然后加入小分子扩链剂扩链1h,扩链完成后加入微米级颗粒,继续分散2h。聚氨酯底漆涂料的固含为30%。
超双疏面漆涂料的制备方法为:
按配比将将纳米级颗粒分散在10wt%的水丙酮溶液中,超声混合均匀后转移到温度为70℃的反应釜中,然后加入氟化硅烷偶联剂和面漆催化剂的混合溶液,1500rpm保温反应4h。超双疏面漆涂料的固含为3%。
制备超双疏复合涂层时:
将所得聚氨酯底漆装入喷枪中(0.25mm喷嘴直径,30psi操作气压),在距离为15cm喷涂1毫升/英寸于玻璃、木材、陶瓷、金属等各种基材;室温固化30min后采用相同喷涂工艺将所述超双疏面漆装入喷枪中喷涂1.5毫升/英寸于聚氨酯底漆表面,室温自干4h后即得。
制备原料明细如表1所示。
表1超双疏复合涂层制备原料明细
成分 | A | B | C |
硬段单体/g | 11 | 11 | 11 |
软段单体/g | 15 | 15 | 15 |
交联单体/g | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
亲水单体/g | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
低表面能化合物/g | 3.6 | 4.2 | 4.2 |
小分子扩链剂 | 1 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
微米颗粒(底漆)/g | 3(2μmSiO<sub>2</sub>) | 3(2μmSiO<sub>2</sub>) | 5(2μmSiO<sub>2</sub>) |
纳米颗粒(面漆)/g | 1(15nmSiO<sub>2</sub>) | 1(15nmSiO<sub>2</sub>) | 1(15nmSiO<sub>2</sub>) |
氟化硅烷偶联剂/g | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
表1中,硬段单体为异佛酮二异氰酸酯;软段单体为聚(己二酸)-(2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇)-(1,4-丁二醇)酯二醇、分子量1000;交联单体为三羟甲基丙烷;亲水单体为二羟甲基丁酸;低表面能化合物为1H,1H,9H-十六氟-1-壬醇;小分子扩链剂为乙二胺;氟化硅烷偶联剂为十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷。
对比例
本例采用与实施例相同的制备方法,制备了三种超双疏复合涂层,编号分别为D~F。
制备原料明细如表2所示。
表2超双疏复合涂层制备原料明细
表2中,硬段单体为异佛酮二异氰酸酯;软段单体为聚(己二酸)-(2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇)-(1,4-丁二醇)酯二醇、分子量1000;交联单体为三羟甲基丙烷;亲水单体为二羟甲基丁酸;低表面能化合物为1H,1H,9H-十六氟-1-壬醇;小分子扩链剂为乙二胺;氟化硅烷偶联剂为十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷。
检测例
本例测试了实施例和对比例制备的六种复合涂层的超双疏性能。
图1为超双疏复合涂层A的接触角测试结果图。从图1中可看出,水在涂层表面具有大于150度的接触角(实际测量为157°)。正十六烷和原油在超双疏复合涂层表面的接触角同样具有大于150度的接触角(实际测量为正十六烷152°,原油153°)。花生油在超双疏复合涂层表面也具有大于150度的接触角(实际测量为152°)。
图2为复合涂层A、D、E和F经400次摩擦循环后的水接触角和滑动角变化结果。从图2可以看出,与复合涂层D、E和F相比,超双疏复合涂层A经过400次摩擦循环后,水接触角仍然大于150°,滑动角从摩擦循环前的0°左右增加到10°附近,增幅小,仍然满足超疏水的性能,说明该超双疏复合涂层中,通过以所制备的聚氨酯为粘接剂,利用微米级颗粒和纳米级颗粒构筑微纳层级结构,增强了涂层的抗磨损性能。构筑的微纳层级结构大幅减少了液体与涂层表面的直接接触面积,进而提高了超双疏性能。若将聚氨酯底漆层中分布的微米级颗粒替换为纳米级颗粒,或将面漆层中的纳米级颗粒替换为微米级颗粒,或者聚氨酯底漆层与面漆层中均添加纳米级颗粒,均会对复合涂层的耐磨性能产生负面影响。
若底漆中为纳米级颗粒,面漆为微米级颗粒。首先由于微米级颗粒在表层,使得液体与涂层直接接触面积变大,超疏水超疏油接触角下降。其次,纳米级颗粒与微米级颗粒通过聚氨酯实现强力粘接,纳米级颗粒在底层降低微米级颗粒与聚氨酯接触面积,同时由于其体积重量更大,测试时实际受磨损面积更大,因此耐磨性能下降。
图3为复合涂层A、D、E和F经400次摩擦循环后的正十六烷接触角和滑动角变化结果。从图3可以看出,超双疏复合涂层A经过200次摩擦循环后,接触角仍然大于150°,滑动角处于10°附近,而复合涂层D经100次摩擦循环后接触角即小于150°,滑动角处于20°附近,已经不满足超双疏的性能要求。复合涂层E起始时接触角即小于150°,滑动角处于20°附近,完全不满足超双疏的性能要求。复合涂层F起始时接触角即小于150°,滑动角处于20°附近,同样完全不满足超双疏的性能要求。
图4为超双疏复合涂层的自清洁性能示意图。如图4所示,先在载玻片上涂覆本发明的超双疏涂层,然后在涂层表面洒满炭黑污染物,滴加水滴后,可以看出涂层表面的炭黑污染物全部被滚动的水滴带走。说明本发明的超双疏涂层具有优良的自清洁性能。
Claims (10)
1.一种超双疏复合涂层,其特征在于,包括聚氨酯底漆层;以及,覆盖于所述聚氨酯底漆层表面的超双疏面漆层;所述聚氨酯底漆层中分布有微米级颗粒;所述超双疏面漆层中分布有纳米级颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种超双疏复合涂层,其特征在于,所述超双疏面漆层的厚度为10~20μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种超双疏复合涂层,其特征在于,所述微米级颗粒的粒径范围是1~10μm;优选2μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种超双疏复合涂层,其特征在于,所述纳米级颗粒的粒径范围是15~40nm;优选15nm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种超双疏复合涂层,其特征在于,所述聚氨酯底漆层包括以下重量份计的制备原料:
硬段单体:20~30份,
软短单体:30~40份,
亲水单体:3~6份,
交联单体:1~3份,
小分子扩链剂:2~5份,
低表面能化合物:5~15份,
微米级颗粒:5~15份。
6.根据权利要求1或5所述的一种超双疏复合涂层,其特征在于,所述微米级颗粒包括微米SiO2颗粒、微米TiO2颗粒、微米ZnO颗粒和微米PTFE颗粒中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种超双疏复合涂层,其特征在于,所述超双疏面漆层包括以下重量份计的制备原料:
纳米级颗粒:30~40份,
氟化硅烷偶联剂:50~60份。
8.根据权利要求1或7所述的一种超双疏复合涂层,其特征在于,所述纳米级颗粒包括纳米SiO2颗粒、纳米TiO2颗粒、纳米ZnO颗粒、纳米PTFE颗粒和多壁碳纳米管中的至少一种。
9.一种制备如权利要求1~8任一项所述的超双疏复合涂层的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:分别制备聚氨酯底漆涂料与超双疏面漆涂料;
S2:将步骤S1制备得到的聚氨酯底漆涂料喷涂于基材表面,固化后形成聚氨酯底漆层;
S3:在步骤S2形成的聚氨酯底漆层表面喷涂超双疏面漆涂料,固化后即得所述超双疏复合涂层。
10.根据权利要求1~8任一项所述的超双疏复合涂层在自清洁表面中的应用。
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