CN111559150A - 一种高铁用高强度防水卷材及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高铁用高强度防水卷材及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高铁用高强度防水卷材及其制备方法,属于铁路路基建设领域。包括:两层无纺土工布,设置在所述无纺土工布之间的复合纤维层,以及连接所述无纺土工布与所述复合纤维层的强力橡胶层。本发明采用合成纤维交织布作为复合纤维层,增加胶布的整体性,更易成型,其所形成的防水卷材更为强韧、耐用。采用耐老化、耐水性、阻燃性能卓越的氯丁橡胶为主材,与乙丙橡胶、氯化聚乙烯复合配制,得到从而确保面层的机械性能的稳定性。通过在三辊或四辊压延机上辊筒之间套装有挤压用的橡胶毯。不仅提高了橡胶材料在无纺布之间分布的均匀程度,也加强橡胶材料与无纺布之间的附着力,提高了防水卷材的机械性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于铁路路基建设领域,尤其是一种高铁用高强度防水卷材及其制备方法。
背景技术
防水卷材,主要是用于铁路路基与桥梁、公路路基与桥梁、建筑地下结构、屋面、以及隧道、垃圾填埋场等处,起到抵御外界雨水、地下水渗漏的一种可卷曲成卷状的柔性建材产品,作为工程基础与建筑物之间无渗漏连接,是整个工程防水的第一道屏障,对整个工程起着至关重要的作用。随着高铁的发展,带动了防水材的发展。一方面,由于防水卷材的抗顶破性能差,强度低,不易被戳破;另一方面,由于我国高铁的建设中,轨道结构一般采用无砟桥梁轨道技术,这种轨道结构不仅行驶速度高,耐久性强,而且具有维护方便的优点,但是,高速桥梁的宽度为近10米,需要一种匹配这种轨道结构的轨道的大尺寸宽幅度的防水卷材。
目前市场上的防水卷材多是将沥青类或高分子类防水材料浸渍在胎体上,制作成的防水材料,这种直接连续挤出的产品宽度一般都小于1.6米。在卷材施工过程中,通常采用胶类材料或自粘胶带进行粘合施工,但由于粘合受到作业环境、人工操作难度大等诸多因素的影响,施工难度较大,且在其粘接部位处的结合程度有限,易产生开裂现象,造成渗漏、窜水等工程质量问题,因此存在接缝多、效率低、故障率高等缺点,又重新回归到防水卷材强度低的问题上。
综上所述,现有的防水卷材不能兼有超宽度、高性能、低成本和易加工等优点。不适宜在高铁轨道的施工量大,施工面宽的路基面上防水工程,。
发明内容
发明目的:提供一种高铁用高强度防水卷材及其制备方法,以解决背景技术中所涉及超宽度、高性能、 施工难的问题。
技术方案:一种高铁用高强度防水卷材,包括:两层无纺土工布,设置在所述无纺土工布之间的复合纤维层,以及连接所述无纺土工布与所述复合纤维层的强力橡胶层。
作为一个优选方案,所述无纺土工布为聚酯增强无纺土工布层。
作为一个优选方案,所述聚酯增强无纺土工布层的单位面积质量为≧200g/m2,厚度为(1.3~1.5)±0.05mm。
作为一个优选方案,所述复合纤维层为聚酯纤维、棉纤维、涤纶纤维等增强的合成纤维交织布。
作为一个优选方案,所述合成纤维交织布的厚度为(0.8~1.0)±0.05mm,宽度为100cm~120cm,长度为100±5m。
作为一个优选方案,所述强力橡胶层以耐老化、耐水性、阻燃性能卓越的氯丁橡胶为主材,与乙丙橡胶、氯化聚乙烯复合配制,以质量份数计,包括如下组分:氯丁橡胶60~80份,氯化聚乙烯20~40份,乙丙橡胶5~10份,炭黑3~5份,DOP30~50份,酚类抗氧化剂1~3份,过氧化二异丙苯1~2份、滑石粉5~10份、阻燃剂1~3份。
另一方面,本发明还提供一种高铁用高强度防水卷材的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、原料准备:一方面,对复合防水卷材基布进行表面除尘、烘干;另一方面将强力橡胶层的原料按照配比混合,在130~150℃的温度下高速搅拌,并密封炼制成胶片;其中,所述强力橡胶层以质量份数计,包括如下组分:氯丁橡胶60~80份,氯化聚乙烯20~40份,乙丙橡胶5~10份,炭黑3~5份,DOP30~50份,酚类抗氧化剂1~3份,过氧化二异丙苯1~2份、滑石粉5~10份、阻燃剂1~3份。
步骤二、将合成纤维交织布升温控制至60~80℃,在三辊或四辊压延机上进行双面擦贴胶,采用单螺杆挤压机对辊压筒进行多点进料;其中,主辊筒温度为105±5℃,副辊筒温度为65±2℃,辊筒速比为1:(1.1~1.3),贴胶厚度控制为0.3±0.02㎜,完成厚度为1.4㎜后的挂胶复合纤维层用衬布垫好后存放待用。
步骤三、双面擦贴胶后用干净衬布卷取后存放3±0.5h,再传送至成型机上与聚酯增强无纺土工布进行贴合、压实,用衬布卷取好待用。
步骤四、成型好的挂胶复合纤维层进入大型平板硫化机中进行硫化作业,硫化温度为145±2℃,硫化压力为16±1Mpa,每模硫化时间6±0.5min。
作为一个优选方案,三辊或四辊压延机上辊筒之间配套装有挤压用的橡胶毯。
作为一个优选方案,所述三辊或四辊压延机对合成纤维交织布的挤压量控制为橡胶毯厚度的20~25%。
有益效果:本发明涉及一种高铁用高强度防水卷材及其制备方法,本发明采用聚酯纤维、棉纤维、涤纶纤维增强的合成纤维交织布作为复合纤维层基布,增加胶布的整体性,更易成型,其所形成的防水卷材更为强韧、耐用。采用耐老化、耐水性、阻燃性能卓越的氯丁橡胶为主材,与氯化聚乙烯、乙丙橡胶复合配得到从而确保面层的机械性能的稳定性、耐水性。通过在三辊或四辊压延机上辊筒之间套装有挤压用的橡胶毯。不仅提高了橡胶材料在无纺布之间分布的均匀程度,也加强橡胶材料与无纺布之间的附着力,提高了防水卷材的机械性能。
附图说明
图1是本发明中防水卷材的截面示意图。
图2是本发明中三辊或四辊压延机上辊筒的结构示意图。
附图标记为:第一辊筒1、第二辊筒2、橡胶毯3、挂胶复合纤维层4、无纺土工布41、强力橡胶层42、复合纤维层43、。
具体实施方式
在下文的描述中,给出了大量具体的细节以便提供对本发明更为彻底的理解。然而,对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,本发明可以无需一个或多个这些细节而得以实施。在其他的例子中,为了避免与本发明发生混淆,对于本领域公知的一些技术特征未进行描述。
目前,市场上的防水卷材多是将沥青类或高分子类防水材料浸渍在胎体上,制作成的防水材料,由于橡胶材料与基体之间的分布不均,导致这种直接连续挤出的产品宽度一般都小于1.6米。在卷材施工过程中,通常采用胶类材料或自粘胶带或热熔进行粘合施工,但由于粘合受到作业环境、人员操作难度大等诸多因素的影响,施工难度较大,且在其粘接部位处的结合程度有限,易产生开裂现象,造成渗漏、窜水等工程质量问题,因此存在接缝多、效率低、故障率高等缺点,又重新回归到防水卷材强度低的问题上。本公司曾经开发过一种关于铁路路基专用橡胶合成纤维土工布,通过对未硫化的卷材接宽后再进行硫化形成宽幅产品,搭接宽度在3cm左右,由于搭接处痕迹不明显,结合强度较高,符合现有铁路建设标准。但是对于高铁技术的进一步发展,因此,对防水卷材的力学性能提出了更高的质量要求。
如附图1所示,本发明中高铁用高强度防水卷材包括:两层无纺土工布41,设置在所述无纺土工布之间的复合纤维层43,以及连接所述无纺土工布与所述复合纤维层的强力橡胶层42。
在进一步实施过程中,本发明为聚酯纤维、棉纤维、涤纶纤维增强的合成纤维交织布作为复合纤维层基布,能够增加基布的功能性,以满足不同的工艺需求。比如棉纤维与聚酯纤维的合成交织布通过聚酯纤维调整纬纱则增加了基布厚重感,基布布面也有所变化,增加了基布的挺括度和撕裂强度,从而增加挂胶复合纤维层的整体性,更易成型,形成的防水卷材更为强韧、耐用
在进一步实施过程中,本发明采用定向或随机排列的纤维组成的聚酯增强无纺土工布作为两侧的包覆层,由于无纺布不需要纺纱织布而形成的织物,只是将纺织短纤维或者长丝进行定向或随机排列,形成纤网结构,在加工成宽幅卷材后,具有良好的加工性能和增加布与橡胶的附着力,从而形成的防水卷材更为强韧、耐用。
在进一步实施过程中,本发明采用耐老化、耐水性性能卓越的氯丁橡胶为主材,与氯化聚乙烯、乙丙橡胶复合配得到从而确保面层的机械性能的稳定性。其中,氯化聚乙烯带有部分极性的氯原子基团,氯原子的分布情况不同,会引起氯化聚乙烯的物理性能和加工性能的改变,当含氯量为25~40%时,为高弹性橡胶体,其硬度适中、柔软性好、断裂伸长率高、拉伸强度高。得到的防水卷材的拉伸强度≥14Mpa,拉断伸长率≥400%,耐热空气老化(120℃×24h)表面不发粘、不龟裂。
由于传统的压延法生产的防水卷材,受设备性能的限制,制得的产品外观质量很难达到标准要求。防水卷材的致密性不好,在生产宽幅的防水卷材时,其表面出现气泡,同时由于橡胶材料在基体的分布不均,导致防水卷材的厚度不能保证均匀,容易出现皱褶或明疤,影响其机械性能。因此,本发明还改进了压延方式,在三辊或四辊压延机上辊筒之间套装有挤压用的橡胶毯3。通过辊筒之间的压力以及橡胶毯之间的弹性收缩,所产生的作用加强橡胶与无纺布之间的结合。如附图2所示,在挂胶复合纤维层4贴合于橡胶毯3进入辊筒时时,即第一辊筒1与第二辊筒2轧点之前,其挂胶复合纤维层4外侧的伸长,纤维空隙增加,大量橡胶材料进入纤维空隙内。在离开轧点时,挂胶复合纤维层4沿着第二辊筒2反向弯曲,原伸长的一侧收缩,贴合于橡胶毯3的一侧挂胶复合纤维层4也随着橡胶毯3的收缩而收缩,不仅提高了橡胶材料在合成纤维基布之间分布的均匀程度,也加强橡胶材料与无纺布之间的结合程度,提高了防水卷材的机械性能。
最后通过硫化工艺,橡胶的性能指标上,拉伸强度可以达到或超过14Mpa ,伸长率大于400%;耐天候性能大幅提升。
下面结合实施例,对本发明作进一步说明,所述的实施例的示例旨在解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例1
步骤一、原料准备:一方面,选取单位面积质量为200g/m2聚酯/棉合成纤维交织布,并对其进行烘干、表面除尘;另一方面将强力橡胶层的原料按照配比混合,在130℃的温度下高速搅拌,并密封炼制成胶块;其中,所述强力橡胶层以质量份数计,包括如下组分:氯丁橡胶80份,氯化聚乙烯20份,乙丙橡胶10份,炭黑(增强剂)4份,DOP(增塑剂)40份,酚类抗氧化剂1.5份,过氧化二异丙苯(硫化剂)1.2份、滑石粉(润滑剂)10份、阻燃剂1份。
步骤二、将合成纤维交织布升温至60℃,在三辊或四辊压延机上进行双面擦胶,采用单螺杆挤压机对辊压筒进行多点进料;其中,辊筒温度为105℃,辊筒速比为1:1.1。辊筒温度为65℃,辊筒速比为1:1,贴胶厚度为0.3㎜,完成厚度为1.4㎜后的挂胶复合纤维层用衬布垫好后存放待用。
步骤三、双面擦胶后用干净衬布卷取后存放3h,再传送至成型机上与聚酯增强无纺土工布进行贴合、压实,用衬布卷取好待用,
步骤四、成型好的复合纤维层基布卷进入大型平板硫化机中进行硫化作业,平板外硫化温度为145℃,硫化压力为16Mpa,每模硫化时间6min。
步骤五、成品经检验后卷取包装入库。
实施例2
步骤一、原料准备:一方面,选取单位面积质量为200g/m2聚酯/棉合成纤维交织布,并对其进行烘干、表面除尘;另一方面将强力橡胶层的原料按照配比混合,在130℃的温度下高速搅拌,并密封炼制成胶块;其中,所述强力橡胶层以质量份数计,包括如下组分:氯丁橡胶80份,氯化聚乙烯40份,乙丙橡胶5份,炭黑(增强剂)5份,DOP(增塑剂)50份,酚类抗氧化剂3份,过氧化二异丙苯(硫化剂)15份、滑石粉(润滑剂)10份、阻燃剂3份及其它材料。
步骤二、将聚酯/棉合成纤维交织布升温至80℃,在三辊或四辊压延机上进行双面擦胶,采用单螺杆挤压机对辊压筒进行多点进料;其中,辊筒温度为110℃,辊筒速比为1:1.2。
步骤三、双面擦胶后用干净衬布卷取后存放3h,再传送至成型机上与聚酯增强无纺土工布进行贴合、压实,用衬布卷取好待用,辊筒温度为65℃,辊筒速比为1:1,贴胶厚度为0.3㎜,完成厚度为1.4㎜后的挂胶复合纤维层用衬布垫好后存放待用。
步骤四、成型好的复合纤维层基布进入大型平板硫化机中进行硫化作业,硫化温度为145℃,硫化压力为16Mpa,每模硫化时间6min。
步骤五、成品经检验后卷取包装入库。
实施例3
步骤一、原料准备:一方面,选取单位面积质量为200g/cm2聚酯/棉合成纤维交织布,并对其进行烘干、表面除尘;另一方面将强力橡胶层的原料按照配比混合,在130℃的温度下高速搅拌,并密封炼制成胶块;其中,所述强力橡胶层以质量份数计,包括如下组分:氯丁橡胶60份,氯化聚乙烯20份,乙丙橡胶10份,炭黑(增强剂)3份,DOP(增塑剂)30份,酚类抗氧化剂1份,过氧化二异丙苯(硫化剂)10份、滑石粉(润滑剂)5份、阻燃剂1份及其它材料。
步骤二、将聚酯/棉合成纤维交织布升温至60℃,在三辊或四辊压延机上进行双面擦胶,采用单螺杆挤压机对辊压筒进行多点进料;其中,辊筒温度为105℃,辊筒速比为1:1.1。
步骤三、双面擦胶后用干净衬布卷取后存放3h,再传送至成型机上与聚酯增强无纺土工布进行贴合、压实,用衬布卷取好待用,辊筒温度为65℃,辊筒速比为1:1,贴胶厚度为0.3㎜,完成厚度为1.4㎜后的挂胶复合纤维层用衬布垫好后存放待用。
步骤四、成型好的复合纤维层基布进入大型平板硫化机中进行硫化作业,其中,平板外纵向预留5㎝的生边不得硫化,硫化温度为145℃,硫化压力为16Mpa,每模硫化时间6min。
步骤五、成品经检验后卷取包装入库。
实施例4
步骤一、原料准备:一方面,选取单位面积质量为200g/cm2聚酯/棉合成纤维交织布,并对其进行烘干、表面除尘;另一方面将强力橡胶层的原料按照配比混合,在130℃的温度下高速搅拌,并密封炼制成胶块;其中,所述强力橡胶层以质量份数计,包括如下组分:氯丁橡胶80份,氯化聚乙烯20份,乙丙橡胶5份,炭黑(增强剂)4份,DOP(增塑剂)40份,酚类抗氧化剂1.5份,过氧化二异丙苯(硫化剂)12份、滑石粉(润滑剂)10份、阻燃剂1份及其它材料。
步骤二、将合成纤维基布升温至60℃,在三辊或四辊压延机上进行双面擦胶,采用单螺杆挤压机对辊压筒进行多点进料;其中,在三辊或四辊压延机上辊筒之间套装有挤压用的橡胶毯,辊筒温度为105℃,辊筒速比为1:1.1。
步骤三、双面擦胶后用干净衬布卷取后存放3h,再传送至成型机上与聚酯增强无纺土工布进行贴合、压实,用衬布卷取好待用,辊筒温度为65℃,辊筒速比为1:1,贴胶厚度为0.3㎜,完成厚度为1.4㎜后的挂胶复合纤维层用衬布垫好后存放待用。
步骤四、成型好的复合纤维层基布进入大型平板硫化机中进行硫化作业,其中,平板外纵向预留5㎝的生边不得硫化,硫化温度为145℃,硫化压力为16Mpa,每模硫化时间6min。
步骤五、成品经检验后卷取包装入库。
实施例5
在实施例1的基础上研究不同增强剂对防水卷材的影响。其中增强剂的选择和份数具体份数和部分检测数据,如下表:
其余步骤和组分同实施例1。
通过上表可以发现结合分析发现:炭黑均为纳米级别,所以表面能极高,在外力的作用下也仅仅是暂时的分散,一旦外力撤出,炭黑粒子之间会有重新团聚的趋势,炭黑只有在特定的添加份数下能保证优良的综合性能,并且可以降低成本与加工条件。通过对比,且不限于上述实验数据,发现当炭黑重量份数为3~5份时,其制备的防水卷材的拉伸强度为14 MPa左右,断裂伸长率大于600%,高于国家标准。另外,发现随着炭黑粒径的增加,防水卷材的拉伸强度与邵氏硬度逐渐下降,同时断裂伸长率逐渐上升,炭黑粒径越小越容易团聚,粒径小的型号具有很高的表面活性。因此优选炭黑N330,炭黑N220作为增强剂。在实际实施过程中,还需要考虑炭黑对加工难易程度的工艺过程影响。
实施例6
在实施例1的基础上研究不同润滑剂对防水卷材的影响。其中润滑剂的选择和份数具体份数和部分检测数据,如下表:
其余步骤和组分同实施例1。
通过上表可以发现结合分析发现:滑石粉作为填充粉料,这种粉料的表面比较细腻,易于滑动,抗摩擦。但是当添加份数较多的时候也会产生堆积的现象,由于堆积产生的缺陷会导致拉伸过程中容易断裂,但是滑石粉的外润滑作用仍然会使材料具有较高的断裂伸长率。当滑石粉为10份左右时,其制备的防水卷材的拉伸强度为14 MPa左右,断裂伸长率大于600%,复合高于国家标准。在实际实施过程中,还需要考虑滑石粉对加工难易程度的影响。
实施例7
在实施例1的基础上研究不同硫化剂对防水卷材的影响。其中增强剂的选择和份数具体份数和部分检测数据,如下表:
通过上表可以发现结合分析发现:随着过氧化二异丙苯含量的增加,防水卷材的拉伸强度先增加后下降,伸长率则一直平缓下降,当含量为1.2份时,其拉伸强度达到了最大值当含量小于1.2份时,橡胶的交联度不够,拉伸强度低含量超过1.2份后,使橡胶的交联度过高,致使防水卷材的拉伸强度下降。另外,对比用氧化镁和硬脂酸铅作为硫化剂,实施例1得到的防水卷材物理机械性能较好,耐老化性能优良,更重要的是加工性能稳定,不易焦烧,有利于辊筒的挤压加工。
检测例
对实施例1和实施例4得到的产品进行性能测试(测试标准:GB12593)。
通过上表可知,实施例1和实例4得到防水卷材的质量远高于行业标准水平。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复,本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
Claims (9)
1.一种高铁用高强度防水卷材,其特征在于,包括:两层无纺土工布,设置在所述无纺土工布之间的复合纤维层,以及连接所述无纺土工布与所述复合纤维层的强力橡胶层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高铁用高强度防水卷材,其特征在于,所述无纺土工布为聚酯增强无纺土工布层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高铁用高强度防水卷材,其特征在于,所述聚酯增强无纺土工布层的单位面积质量为≧200g/m2,厚度为(1.3~1.5)±0.05mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高铁用高强度防水卷材,其特征在于,所述复合纤维层为聚酯纤维、棉纤维、涤纶纤维增强的合成纤维交织布。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高铁用高强度防水卷材,其特征在于,所述合成纤维交织布的厚度为(0.8~1.0)±0.05mm,宽度为100cm~120cm,长度为100±5m。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高铁用高强度防水卷材及其制备方法,其特征在于,所述具有强力橡胶层,以质量份数计,包括如下组分:氯丁橡胶60~80份,氯化聚乙烯20~40份,乙丙橡胶5~10份,炭黑3~5份,DOP30~50份,酚类抗氧化剂1~3份,过氧化二异丙苯1~2份、滑石粉5~10份、阻燃剂1~3份。
7.一种高铁用高强度防水卷材的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、原料准备:一方面,对合成纤维交织布需进行表面除尘、烘干;另一方面将强力橡胶层的原料按照配方比例配制混合,在130~150℃的温度下高速搅拌混合,并密炼制成胶片;
步骤二、将合成纤维交织布升温控制至60~80℃,在三辊或四辊压延机上进行双面擦贴胶,采用单螺杆挤压机对辊压筒进行多点进料;其中,主辊筒温度为105±5℃,副辊筒温度为65±2℃,辊筒速比为1:(1.1~1.3),贴胶厚度控制为0.3±0.02㎜,完成厚度为1.4㎜后的挂胶复合纤维层用衬布垫好后存放待用;
步骤三、双面擦贴胶后用干净衬布卷取后存放3±0.5h,再传送至成型机上与聚酯增强无纺土工布进行贴合、压实,用衬布卷取好待用;
步骤四、成型好的复合纤维层基布卷进入大型平板硫化机中进行硫化作业,硫化温度为145±2℃,硫化压力为16±1Mpa,每模硫化时间6±0.5min。
8.根据权利要求7所述的高铁用高强度防水卷材的制备方法,其特征在于,三辊或
四辊压延机上辊筒之间配套装有挤压用的橡胶毯。
9.根据权利要求8所述的高铁用高强度防水卷材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述三辊或四辊压延机对挂胶后的复合纤维层的挤压量控制为橡胶毯厚度的20~25%。
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CN116811383A (zh) * | 2023-08-29 | 2023-09-29 | 南京正隆顺达高分子材料有限公司 | 一种高铁用高强度防水卷材及其制备方法 |
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