CN111555286A - 一种考虑运行约束的调整潮流生成方法 - Google Patents

一种考虑运行约束的调整潮流生成方法 Download PDF

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CN111555286A
CN111555286A CN202010353029.3A CN202010353029A CN111555286A CN 111555286 A CN111555286 A CN 111555286A CN 202010353029 A CN202010353029 A CN 202010353029A CN 111555286 A CN111555286 A CN 111555286A
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CN111555286B (zh
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王彬
孙宏斌
吴文传
郭庆来
慕宗达
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Tsinghua University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/04Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for connecting networks of the same frequency but supplied from different sources
    • H02J3/06Controlling transfer of power between connected networks; Controlling sharing of load between connected networks
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B13/00Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
    • G05B13/02Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
    • G05B13/04Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
    • G05B13/042Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators in which a parameter or coefficient is automatically adjusted to optimise the performance
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/10Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种考虑运行约束的调整潮流生成方法,属于电力系统运行领域。本发明首先建立了由目标函数和约束条件组成的考虑运行约束的调整潮流模型,然后使用有功‑无功联合的分阶段优化技术,将原模型分解为有功子模型和无功子模型,先进行有功优化再在有功优化的基础上进行无功优化,最终得到满足潮流结果的各节点有功功率和无功功率。该方法不但可用于调度员潮流分析,还可用于面向在线的安全校正控制、调度计划修正和离线的潮流方式生成等场景,本方法可以在考虑中枢母线电压追踪给定值和传输断面功率追踪给定值的情况下,进行潮流计算,并确保有可行解。

Description

一种考虑运行约束的调整潮流生成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种考虑运行约束的调整潮流生成方法,属于电力系统的运行技术领域。
背景技术
电力系统潮流计算的结果是电力系统稳定计算和故障分析的基础。传统的潮流调整技术通过改变PQ节点的有功/无功或PV节点的有功/电压等基态潮流的边界,或通过改变开关状态、分接头档等拓扑参数,来形成1个新的潮流分布,这种调整功能有一定的局限性。针对更加复杂的方式调整需求,如:中枢母线电压追踪给定值时,或者传输断面功率追踪给定值时,已有的潮流工具将无法适用,传统做法只能结合人工经验做试探调整,不但费时费力、可行性和最优化无法保证。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为克服已有技术的不足之处,提出一种考虑运行约束的调整潮流生成方法。该方法不但可用于调度员潮流分析,还可用于面向在线的安全校正控制、调度计划修正和离线的潮流方式生成等场景,本方法可以在考虑中枢母线电压追踪给定值和传输断面功率追踪给定值的情况下,进行潮流计算,并确保有可行解。
本发明提出一种考虑运行约束的调整潮流生成方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)构建考虑运行约束的调整潮流模型,该模型由目标函数和约束条件构成;具体步骤如下:
(1-1)确定模型的目标函数,表达式如下:
Figure BDA0002472513450000011
式中,N是节点个数,下标i代表节点编号,V是电压幅值,θ是电压相角;
Figure BDA0002472513450000012
代表注入节点i的有功功率的优化调整量,
Figure BDA0002472513450000013
代表注入节点i的无功功率的优化调整量;
Figure BDA0002472513450000014
代表注入节点i的有功功率的调整权重,
Figure BDA0002472513450000015
代表注入节点i的无功功率的调整权重;
(1-2)确定模型的约束条件,具体如下:
(1-2-1)潮流约束:
Figure BDA0002472513450000021
Figure BDA0002472513450000022
式中,j∈i代表节点j属于与节点i相连的所有节点的集合;Gij、Bij分别是节点导纳矩阵上三角元素的实部与虚部;Gii、Bii分别是节点导纳矩阵对角阵元素的实部与虚部;Vi是节点i的电压幅值,θij是支路ij的相角差;Pi为节点i的基态注入有功功率,Qi为节点i的基态注入无功功率;
(1-2-2)电网电压范围约束:
Figure BDA0002472513450000023
式中,Vi
Figure BDA0002472513450000024
分别是节点i的电压幅值下限与上限;
(1-2-3)中枢母线电压设定值约束:
Figure BDA0002472513450000025
式中,
Figure BDA0002472513450000026
分别是第j个中枢母线的电压优化值与设定值;
(1-2-3)断面传输功率约束:
Figure BDA0002472513450000027
Figure BDA0002472513450000028
式中,
Figure BDA0002472513450000029
分别是第k个目标型联络线的功率优化值与设定值;
Figure BDA00024725134500000210
分别是第m个约束型联络线的功率下限、功率优化值与功率上限;
(2)利用有功-无功联合的分阶段优化,得到满足潮流结果的各节点有功功率和无功功率;具体步骤如下:
(2-1)建立有功有功优化子模型,该子模型由目标函数和约束条件构成;具体步骤如下:
(2-1-1)确定有功优化子模型的目标函数,表达式如下:
Figure BDA00024725134500000211
(2-1-2)确定有功优化子模型的约束条件,具体如下:
(2-1-2-1)潮流方程线性化约束:
Figure BDA0002472513450000031
(2-1-2-2)联络线断面潮流约束:
Figure BDA0002472513450000032
Figure BDA00024725134500000314
(2-2)对步骤(2-1)建立的模型求解,得到
Figure BDA0002472513450000033
和θ的最优解;
(2-3)建立无功有功优化子模型;
(2-3-1)无功有功优化子模型以有功优化子模型求解得到的θ的最优解为初值,目标函数如下式所示:
Figure BDA0002472513450000034
其中,Δf为频率的变化量;
(2-3-2)确定无功优化子模型的约束条件,该子模型由目标函数和约束条件构成;具体步骤如下:
(2-3-2-1)交流潮流约束:
Figure BDA0002472513450000035
Figure BDA0002472513450000036
其中,
Figure BDA0002472513450000037
为节点i参与频率响应的不平衡功率分析系数;
(2-3-2-2)电网电压范围约束:
Figure BDA0002472513450000038
(2-3-2-3)中枢母线电压设定值约束:
Figure BDA0002472513450000039
(2-4)求解无功优化子模型得到
Figure BDA00024725134500000310
的最优解;
(2-5)利用步骤(2-2)和(2-4)的结果,最终得到满足潮流结果的各节点有功功率
Figure BDA00024725134500000312
和无功功率
Figure BDA00024725134500000313
如下式所示:
Figure BDA00024725134500000311
潮流调整完毕。
本发明的特点及有益效果在于:
1本发明建立了考虑运行约束的调整潮流模型,以调整量最小为目标,确保计算结果满足电网电压范围约束、断面传输功率约束、中枢母线电压设定值约束等运行约束。
2、本发明采用有功-无功联合的分阶段优化技术,将原模型分解为有功子模型和无功子模型,有功子模型考虑了线性化潮流约束和联络线断面有功约束,是二次规划问题,有收敛性高的优点。无功子模型在有功子模型基础上求解,考虑了交流潮流约束、电网电压范围约束、中枢母线电压设定值约束,确保计算结果合理。
3、本方法可以在考虑中枢母线电压追踪给定值和传输断面功率追踪给定值的情况下进行潮流计算,减小人工调整的工作量,并保证有可行的最优解。
具体实施方式
本发明提出一种考虑运行约束的调整潮流生成方法,下面结合具体实施方式进一步说明如下。
本发明提出一种考虑运行约束的调整潮流生成方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)构建考虑运行约束的调整潮流模型,该模型由目标函数和约束条件构成;具体步骤如下:
(1-1)确定模型的目标函数;
电力系统实时调度的目标为有功与无功调整量最小,于是将考虑运行约束的调整潮流生成模型的目标函数设置为:
Figure BDA0002472513450000041
上式中,N是节点个数,下标i代表节点编号,V是电压幅值,θ是电压相角。
Figure BDA0002472513450000042
Figure BDA0002472513450000043
分别是注入节点i的有功功率和无功功率的优化调整量;
Figure BDA0002472513450000044
分别是注入节点i的有功功率和无功功率的调整权重(权重取值为0-1之间,若权重为零,则代表该权重对应的有功功率或无功功率不参与调整)。
(1-2)确定模型的约束条件,具体如下:
(1-2-1)潮流约束:
Figure BDA0002472513450000051
Figure BDA0002472513450000052
上式中,j∈i代表节点j属于与节点i相连的所有节点的集合。Gij、Bij分别是节点导纳矩阵上三角元素的实部与虚部;Gii、Bii分别是节点导纳矩阵对角阵元素的实部与虚部。Vi、θij分别是节点i的电压幅值与支路ij的相角差;Pi、Qi分别为节点i的基态注入有功功率和无功功率。
(1-2-2)电网电压范围约束:
Figure BDA0002472513450000053
上式中,Vi
Figure BDA0002472513450000054
分别是节点i的电压幅值下限与上限。
(1-2-3)中枢母线电压设定值约束:
Figure BDA0002472513450000055
上式中,
Figure BDA0002472513450000056
分别是第j个中枢母线的电压优化值与设定值。
(1-2-3)断面传输功率约束:
Figure BDA0002472513450000057
Figure BDA0002472513450000058
上式中,
Figure BDA0002472513450000059
分别是第k个目标型联络线的功率优化值与设定值;
Figure BDA00024725134500000510
Figure BDA00024725134500000511
分别是第m个约束型联络线的功率下限、功率优化值与功率上限。目标型联络线是指功率优化值追踪目标设定值的联络线,约束型联络线是指功率优化值满足上下界区间的联络线。
(2)利用有功-无功联合的分阶段优化,得到满足潮流结果的各节点有功功率和无功功率;
当电网运行方式接近边界或者扰动量比较大时,直接求解步骤(1)建立的模型,有可能会发散,于是本发明提出分一种阶段联合优化策略,先做有功优化,得到电压相角和有功功率的优化调整量,将电压相角带入无功优化得到无功功率的优化调整量。具体步骤如下:
(2-1)建立有功有功优化子模型,该子模型由目标函数和约束条件构成;具体步骤如下:
(2-1-1)有功优化子模型以发电机有功出力调整量为优化变量,以调整量平方加权和最小为目标,其目标函数如下:
Figure BDA0002472513450000061
(2-1-2)确定有功优化子模型的约束条件,具体如下:
(2-1-2-1)潮流方程线性化约束:
Figure BDA0002472513450000062
(2-1-2-2)联络线断面潮流约束:
Figure BDA0002472513450000063
Figure BDA0002472513450000064
(2-2)采用现有的线性规划求解算法对步骤(2-1)建立的模型求解,得到
Figure BDA0002472513450000069
和θ的最优解;
(2-3)建立无功有功优化子模型,该子模型由目标函数和约束条件构成;具体步骤如下:
(2-3-1)无功有功优化子模型以有功优化子模型求解得到的相角优化值θ为初值,目标函数如下式所示:
Figure BDA0002472513450000065
其中,Δf为频率的变化量。
(2-3-2)确定无功优化子模型的约束条件,具体如下:
(2-3-2-1)交流潮流约束:
Figure BDA0002472513450000066
Figure BDA0002472513450000067
其中,
Figure BDA0002472513450000068
为节点i参与频率响应的不平衡功率分析系数,典型取值为与该节点相连的发电机组总容量。
(2-3-2-2)电网电压范围约束:
Figure BDA0002472513450000071
(2-3-2-3)中枢母线电压设定值约束:
Figure BDA0002472513450000072
(2-4)在有功优化的基础上,通过求解上述无功优化子模型得到
Figure BDA0002472513450000073
的最优解;
(2-5)利用步骤(2-2)和(2-4)的结果,最终得到满足潮流结果的各节点有功功率
Figure BDA0002472513450000076
和无功功率
Figure BDA0002472513450000075
如下式所示:
Figure BDA0002472513450000074
潮流调整完毕。

Claims (1)

1.一种考虑运行约束的调整潮流生成方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)构建考虑运行约束的调整潮流模型,该模型由目标函数和约束条件构成;具体步骤如下:
(1-1)确定模型的目标函数,表达式如下:
Figure FDA0002472513440000011
式中,N是节点个数,下标i代表节点编号,V是电压幅值,θ是电压相角;ΔPi G代表注入节点i的有功功率的优化调整量,
Figure FDA0002472513440000012
代表注入节点i的无功功率的优化调整量;λi PG代表注入节点i的有功功率的调整权重,λi QG代表注入节点i的无功功率的调整权重;
(1-2)确定模型的约束条件,具体如下:
(1-2-1)潮流约束:
Figure FDA0002472513440000013
Figure FDA0002472513440000014
式中,j∈i代表节点j属于与节点i相连的所有节点的集合;Gij、Bij分别是节点导纳矩阵上三角元素的实部与虚部;Gii、Bii分别是节点导纳矩阵对角阵元素的实部与虚部;Vi是节点i的电压幅值,θij是支路ij的相角差;Pi为节点i的基态注入有功功率,Qi为节点i的基态注入无功功率;
(1-2-2)电网电压范围约束:
Figure FDA0002472513440000015
式中,Vi
Figure FDA0002472513440000016
分别是节点i的电压幅值下限与上限;
(1-2-3)中枢母线电压设定值约束:
Figure FDA0002472513440000017
式中,
Figure FDA0002472513440000018
分别是第j个中枢母线的电压优化值与设定值;
(1-2-3)断面传输功率约束:
Figure FDA0002472513440000021
Figure FDA0002472513440000022
式中,
Figure FDA0002472513440000023
分别是第k个目标型联络线的功率优化值与设定值;
Figure FDA0002472513440000024
分别是第m个约束型联络线的功率下限、功率优化值与功率上限;
(2)利用有功-无功联合的分阶段优化,得到满足潮流结果的各节点有功功率和无功功率;具体步骤如下:
(2-1)建立有功有功优化子模型,该子模型由目标函数和约束条件构成;具体步骤如下:
(2-1-1)确定有功优化子模型的目标函数,表达式如下:
Figure FDA0002472513440000025
(2-1-2)确定有功优化子模型的约束条件,具体如下:
(2-1-2-1)潮流方程线性化约束:
Figure FDA0002472513440000026
(2-1-2-2)联络线断面潮流约束:
Figure FDA0002472513440000027
Figure FDA0002472513440000028
(2-2)对步骤(2-1)建立的模型求解,得到
Figure FDA0002472513440000029
和θ的最优解;
(2-3)建立无功有功优化子模型;
(2-3-1)无功有功优化子模型以有功优化子模型求解得到的θ的最优解为初值,目标函数如下式所示:
Figure FDA00024725134400000210
其中,Δf为频率的变化量;
(2-3-2)确定无功优化子模型的约束条件,该子模型由目标函数和约束条件构成;具体步骤如下:
(2-3-2-1)交流潮流约束:
Figure FDA00024725134400000211
Figure FDA0002472513440000031
其中,Pi agc为节点i参与频率响应的不平衡功率分析系数;
(2-3-2-2)电网电压范围约束:
(2-3-2-3)中枢母线电压设定值约束:
Figure FDA0002472513440000033
(2-4)求解无功优化子模型得到
Figure FDA0002472513440000034
的最优解;
(2-5)利用步骤(2-2)和(2-4)的结果,最终得到满足潮流结果的各节点有功功率
Figure FDA0002472513440000035
和无功功率
Figure FDA0002472513440000036
如下式所示:
Figure FDA0002472513440000037
潮流调整完毕。
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