CN111548366B - 一种无甲醛棉用阻燃剂、制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种无甲醛棉用阻燃剂、制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种无甲醛棉用阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:S1)用封端剂与含双键的异氰酸酯反应,将异氰酸酯基团保护起来;S2)将步骤S1得到的产物与亚磷酸二甲酯混合,加入催化剂进行反应即制得无甲醛棉用阻燃剂。本发明无甲醛释放问题,保护环境。阻燃剂在高温焙烘时与织物反应,无需额外添加磷酸等强酸作催化剂,避免强酸对棉织物的强力损伤,成品织物强力保留率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于织物整理技术领域,具体涉及一种无甲醛棉用阻燃剂、制备方法及应用。
背景技术
棉织物是一种燃烧危险性很高的纺织材料,它的含氧指数只有18,不仅燃烧速度快,而且具有很大的助燃性。同时,棉织物又是纺织品中应用最广泛的一种,以其天然舒适深受人们喜爱,因此棉织物的阻燃整理(特别是耐久性阻燃)研究一直是行业的研究热点之一。
目前已商业化的棉织物耐久阻燃工艺主要有两类,分别以英国Albright&Wilson公司的THPC和瑞士Ciba公司的Pyrovatex CP为代表。THPC为四羟甲基氯化磷,在合成过程中有可能产生双氯甲醚,有致癌的危险性,且含有游离甲醛,现已禁用。Pyrovatex CP属羟甲基酰胺的磷酸酯类化合物,目前应用最为广泛。但Pyrovatex CP本身含有大量游离甲醛,为了使其与纤维化学交联以获得耐洗性,整理时还要进一步使用含甲醛的多羟甲基三聚氰胺类(如HMM)交联剂,致使整理后织物上的游离甲醛含量很高(大于0.3%),且有后续甲醛释放问题。同时Pyrovatex CP工艺在用HMM做交联时,通常需要使用磷酸作为催化剂,这种强酸条件会造成棉织物不可逆的强力损伤,大大降低织物的服用性能(赵海梅,纺织科技进展,2009,2:53~70)。
实现棉织物无甲醛阻燃整理的关键在于采用无甲醛阻燃剂和含氮阻燃协同剂。US6309565介绍了Akzo Noble Cemicals Inc.公司开发的乙烯基磷酸酯齐聚物(商品名为76),与N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺合用,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,可用于纯棉或者涤/棉织物的耐久性阻燃整理。整理后的织物耐洗性好,无味,手感柔软,拉伸强力保留率在80%以上,撕破强力保留率在65%以上。然而76存在毒性,在后整理加工和使用过程中对环境存在污染,阻燃后的材料在燃烧时会产生大量烟雾。Yang Charles Q等人在GB2406103中公开了一种用于汽车空气过滤纸的商业化阻燃剂HP(含羟基的有机磷低聚物HFPO),其可以用于棉织物和棉混纺织物的阻燃整理。但由于HFPO中基本没有可以直接与棉纤维反应的基团,所以需要引入如三聚氰胺(TMM),二羟甲基二羟基乙烯脲(DMDHEU)作为架桥剂将其连接到棉织物上。该工艺由于引入TMM和DMDHEU,不可避免在最终织物上又带来了甲醛的问题。虽然没有Pyrovatex CP工艺那么严重,但只能算做低甲醛阻燃工艺。因此,棉织物低强力损伤的耐久无甲醛阻燃整理一直是本领域的一个难点。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,克服目前现有技术的缺陷,提供一种无甲醛棉用阻燃剂、制备方法及应用,利用该方法整理的棉织物阻燃效果好,耐久性优异,无甲醛释放且具有较高的强力保留率。
本发明解决其技术问题的技术方案是:一种无甲醛棉用阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:S1)用封端剂与含双键的异氰酸酯反应,将异氰酸酯基团保护起来;S2)将步骤S1得到的产物与亚磷酸二甲酯混合,加入催化剂进行反应即制得无甲醛棉用阻燃剂。
上述无甲醛棉用阻燃剂的制备方法,在步骤S1中,所述封端剂为3,5-二甲基吡唑、丁酮肟、己内酰胺中的至少一种;含双键的异氰酸酯为甲基丙烯异氰酸酯、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基异氰酸酯中的至少一种;封端剂与含双键的异氰酸酯的摩尔比大于1。
步骤S1的反应条件为30~60℃反应至NCO含量<1%。
步骤S1的反应在溶剂中进行,溶剂为二丙二醇二甲醚。
在步骤S2中,催化剂为甲醇钠,反应条件为,在50~70℃滴加催化剂,60~90min滴完,然后保温反应1~3h。
步骤S1得到的产物与亚磷酸二甲酯的摩尔比为1:1~1.2。
一种无甲醛棉用阻燃剂,由上述制备方法制得。
上述无甲醛棉用阻燃剂的应用:将无甲醛棉用阻燃剂配置成400g/L的自来水工作液,棉织物经过浸轧工作液,烘干,焙烘,即得到具有阻燃效果的棉织物。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明无甲醛释放问题,保护环境。阻燃剂在高温焙烘时与织物反应,无需额外添加磷酸等强酸作催化剂,避免强酸对棉织物的强力损伤,成品织物强力保留率高。
具体实施方式
本发明对于获得的无甲醛棉用阻燃剂的应用性能测试包括:(a)阻燃性能(GB/T5455-2014垂直燃烧法);(b)撕破强力(GB/T 3917.3-2009第3部分);(c)断裂强力(条样法GB/T 3923.1-2013第1部分)。下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1:棉用阻燃剂(1)的制备
(1)将1mol的3,5-二甲基吡唑与1mol的甲基丙烯异氰酸酯在50mL的溶剂二丙二醇二甲醚中混合搅拌均匀,然后在50℃反应直至NCO含量<1%;
(2)将1mol的步骤(1)产物与1mol的亚磷酸二甲酯混合,然后在60℃滴加29g的甲醇钠溶液(甲醇钠:甲醇=30:70(g/g)),90min滴完,滴加完毕后继续保温反应2h,即得无甲醛的棉用阻燃剂(1)。
实施例2:棉用阻燃剂(2)的制备
(1)将1mol的丁酮肟与1mol的甲基丙烯异氰酸酯在50mL的溶剂二丙二醇二甲醚中混合搅拌均匀,然后在30℃反应直至NCO含量<1%;
(2)将1mol的步骤(1)产物与1mol的亚磷酸二甲酯混合,然后在70℃滴加29g的甲醇钠溶液(甲醇钠:甲醇=30:70(g/g)),90min滴完,滴加完毕后继续保温反应1h,即得无甲醛的棉用阻燃剂(2)。
实施例3:棉用阻燃剂(3)的制备
(1)将1mol的己内酰胺与1mol的甲基丙烯酰氧乙基异氰酸酯在50mL的溶剂二丙二醇二甲醚中混合搅拌均匀,然后在60℃反应直至NCO含量<1%;
(2)将1mol的步骤(1)产物与1mol的亚磷酸二甲酯混合,然后在50℃滴加29g的甲醇钠溶液(甲醇钠:甲醇=30:70(g/g)),90min滴完,滴加完毕后继续保温反应3h,即得无甲醛的棉用阻燃剂(3)。
应用实施例
将上述阻燃剂(1)~(3)分别配制成400g/L的自来水工作液,并用于148*54全棉斜纹卡其色布的阻燃整理。整理工艺为:二浸二轧(P-B1横式强力轧染树脂机,压力2.0Kg/cm2)→烘干(105℃×3min)→焙烘(160℃×2.5min,高温烘焙条件下封端剂解封,重新暴露的异氰酸酯基团与棉织物发生反应),即得整理后的棉织物;
对整理后的棉织物进行性能测试,结果如下:
(1)洗涤前后的阻燃性能(GB/T 5455-2014垂直燃烧法)。
洗涤方法:按GB/T 8629-2017《纺织品试验用家庭洗涤和干燥程序》中5N程序洗涤,洗涤温度40℃,洗涤完100℃烘干,调湿,测试。
洗涤前后的棉织物的阻燃性能如表1所示:
表1洗涤前后的棉织物的阻燃性能
从表1中可以看出洗涤前后然性能基本没有变化,说明本发明的棉用阻燃剂具有优异的耐洗性能,且阻燃效果突出。
(2)整理后的棉织物的撕破强力(GB/T 3917.3-2009第3部分)如表2所示:
表2整理后的棉织物的撕破强力
从表2中可以看出,棉织物的撕破强力总保留率维持在69.8%以上。
(3)整理后的棉织物的断裂强力(条样法GB/T 3923.1-2013第1部分)如表3所示:
表3整理后的棉织物的断裂强力
从表3中可以看出,棉织物的断裂强力总保留率维持在83.3%以上。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同替换所限定,在未经创造性劳动所作的改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种无甲醛棉用阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
S1) 用封端剂与含双键的异氰酸酯反应,将异氰酸酯基团保护起来;
S2)将步骤S1得到的产物与亚磷酸二甲酯混合,加入催化剂进行反应即制得无甲醛棉用阻燃剂;
在步骤S1中,所述封端剂为3,5-二甲基吡唑、丁酮肟、己内酰胺中的至少一种;含双键的异氰酸酯为甲基丙烯异氰酸酯、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基异氰酸酯中的至少一种;封端剂与含双键的异氰酸酯的摩尔比大于1;步骤S1的反应条件为30~60℃反应至NCO含量<1%;步骤S1的反应在溶剂中进行,溶剂为二丙二醇二甲醚;在步骤S2中,催化剂为甲醇钠,反应条件为,在50~70℃滴加催化剂,60~90min滴完,然后保温反应1~3h;步骤S1得到的产物与亚磷酸二甲酯的摩尔比为1:1~1.2。
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