CN111518303A - 一种透明高阻隔聚乙烯镀氧化铝薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种透明高阻隔聚乙烯镀氧化铝薄膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111518303A
CN111518303A CN202010321451.0A CN202010321451A CN111518303A CN 111518303 A CN111518303 A CN 111518303A CN 202010321451 A CN202010321451 A CN 202010321451A CN 111518303 A CN111518303 A CN 111518303A
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aluminum oxide
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polyethylene
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梁海
刘燕
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Jiangsu Bairuier Packaging Materials Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种透明高阻隔聚乙烯镀氧化铝薄膜及其制备方法，其结构为BOPE或MODPE聚乙烯薄膜基材、镀氧化铝镀膜层以及氧化铝表面上的保护涂层，共三层结构，所述BOPE或MODPE聚乙烯薄膜基材层厚度为10‑40μm；所述氧化铝镀膜层为1400‑1600℃下，通过电子束卷绕镀膜设备的电子束枪将高纯度铝材料和高纯度氧的反应物真空蒸镀在BOPE或MODPE聚乙烯薄膜基材上形成氧化铝镀膜层，所述镀膜层厚度为0.01‑0.02um，所述保护涂层为聚乙烯醇水性涂层。本发明要提供的透明高阻隔聚乙烯镀氧化铝薄膜可有效的解决传统薄膜由于含有铝箔、PET、尼龙的塑料复合膜所导致的回收循环利用难的。

Description

一种透明高阻隔聚乙烯镀氧化铝薄膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于新型高分子材料领域，具体是涉及一种透明高阻隔聚乙烯镀氧化铝薄膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
“新塑料经济”这个概念源自于2018年10月，由艾伦·麦克阿瑟基金会与联合国环境规划署联合发起“新塑料经济全球承诺书”行动倡议。这项倡议旨在从源头消除塑料污染，主要追求三个目标：
1、消除有问题或不必要的塑料包装，从一次性使用转向可重复使用的包装模式。
2、通过创新来确保到2025年100％的塑料包装可以方便、安全地重复使用、回收或堆肥。
3、循环使用所生产的塑料，显著增加塑料的重复使用或回收数量，并制成新的包装或产品。
我们都知道，包装是塑料的第一大应用，市场规模在2018就超过了3000亿美金，在2025年预计将到达4000亿美金，而柔性包装，也就是我们通常所说的软包装，在其中占有相当大的比重。在“新塑料经济全球承诺书”倡议提出后四个月左右的时间，就已经有超过150个行业的350多家企业做出了响应，其比重可占到整个塑料包装市场的20％左右，并且参与者的数量和所覆盖的行业还在持续不断的增加。在“新塑料经济”背景下，以减量，回收，降解为主要实现方式的绿色可持续包装，将是未来塑料包装发展的大势所趋。
作为软包装领域推动可循环可回收材料的最重要机构CEFLEX，在2014年-2016年利用两年的时间进行了一个叫做REFLEX的项目，并发布了项目研究报告，报告基于现有的回收技术和大量的回收试验测试，对于目前复合软包装常用材料进行了回收效果分析，其结论大致如下：
1、含铝箔的塑料复合膜严重影响回收；
2、单一材料如单层PE或PE/PE,单层PP或PP/PP包括相应的单一材料镀铝薄膜，都不影响回收；
3、PE和PP可以一起回收再加工，相关回收材料可以用于类似注塑等领域；
4、推动使用聚烯烃材料，以PP和PE为主，或相应的涂层薄膜，镀铝薄膜；
5、PET/PE不可以直接回收再利用；
6、含尼龙的塑料复合膜严重影响回收；
7、含PVDC涂层的材料严重影响回收；
8、其他已知涂层如聚乙烯醇(PVA)水性涂层、EVOH、PETG、氧化铝和氧化硅镀层及冷封胶涂层等不影响材料回收。
通过以上结论可以看出，含有铝箔、PET、尼龙的塑料复合膜会严重影响回收循环利用。
未来全球的包装复合膜结构技术发展趋势主要方向是去除铝箔化、去除PET化、去除尼龙化；通过技术创新来确保到2025年100％的塑料包装可以方便、安全地重复使用、回收或堆肥。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是由于含有铝箔、PET、尼龙的塑料复合膜会严重影响回收循环利用。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种透明高阻隔聚乙烯镀氧化铝薄膜及其制备方法，其结构为BOPE或MODPE聚乙烯薄膜基材、氧化铝镀膜层以及氧化铝表面上的保护涂层，共三层结构，所述氧化铝镀膜层为1400-1600℃下，通过电子束卷绕镀膜设备的电子束枪将高纯度铝材料和高纯度氧的反应物真空蒸镀在BOPE或MODPE聚乙烯薄膜基材上形成氧化铝镀膜层，所述保护涂层为聚乙烯醇水性涂层，所述聚乙烯醇水性涂层包含：1％～20％的聚乙烯醇树脂，0.1％～20％的脂族醛类化合物，1％～30％的流平剂，1％～10％的增粘剂，0％～5％的纳米无机物，0％～2％的热稳定剂和光稳定剂，0％～2％的表面活性剂，和11％～96.9％的水，基于涂布液总重量计。所述BOPE或MODPE聚乙烯薄膜基材层厚度为10-40μm。所述氧化铝镀膜层厚度为0.01-0.02um；所述保护涂层为聚乙烯醇水性涂层，涂层干基克重为0.4-0.8g/m2；所述聚乙烯醇水性涂层为保护涂层，固含量6-15％。
相应地，本发明还提供一种透明高阻隔镀氧化铝薄膜的制备方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
(1)聚乙烯醇水性涂层制备
按照下述配比，将聚乙烯醇和水加入到可加热的容器中，并在拌下加热至90～95℃，完全溶解。温度降到50～20℃后，加入乙醛，多聚甲醛等助剂混合物(0.5：1重量比)，充分搅拌混合后得到涂布液，该涂布液在10～40℃存放60天不产生凝胶现象，保存稳定性良好。
(2)镀氧化铝薄膜的制备
电子束卷绕镀膜设备的电子束枪由电子束发生器和电子束引导系统组成。将BOPE或MODPE基材薄膜置放于真空室内，关闭真空室抽真空，当真空度达到4×10-4mba以上时，将蒸发舟升温至1400-1600℃，由阴极表面发射电子并朝阳极方向加速，接着由磁场聚焦电子束并把电子束向坩埚引导。在运行过程中电子束枪发射的高能电子束功率密度超过20KW/cm，电子束在装有纯度为99.9％的铝材料的坩埚上扫描直至铝完全熔化蒸发，同时通入纯度为99.9％的高纯氧，铝蒸汽和氧气发生反应生成氧化铝，在此过程中一个微波强等离子体和蒸汽云团反应，铝和氧气在薄膜基材表面反应并形成光滑的氧化铝镀层，镀层厚度为0.01-0.02um，采用闭环控制系统控制电子束的扫描路径，以确保薄膜基材上纵向和横向均匀的镀层。将氧化铝镀膜层薄膜放在专用涂布设备将制得的聚乙烯醇水性涂布液均匀涂布在镀氧化铝膜后的聚乙烯薄膜表面作为保护层，涂层充分干燥后无需熟化处理，涂层干基克重为0.4-0.8g/m2，收卷或复卷后分切。
有益效果
①相较于传统的技术只能在PET、尼龙基材上进行镀氧化铝，本发明在BOPE或MODPE聚乙烯薄膜上采用电子束卷绕镀膜设备真空镀氧化铝，然后在氧化铝镀层上涂布聚乙烯醇水性保护涂层，可有效的进行回收循环利用。
②本发明在聚乙烯镀氧化铝薄膜上做保护层，不仅有效避免了印刷设备对其进行的机械损伤，而且能有效促进镀氧化铝薄膜的阻隔性能。
③由于聚乙烯醇水性涂层本身具备高阻隔性能，其作为保护涂层能有效促进镀氧化铝薄膜的阻隔性能：其透湿指标≤3.3g/(㎡·24h)，透氧指标≤0.5cm3/(㎡·24h·0.1MPa)，具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明透明高阻隔镀氧化铝薄膜的结构示意图；
图中，1、BOPE或MODPE基材；2、氧化铝镀膜层；3、聚乙烯水性涂层。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施事例对本发明进行进一步的详细描述。
实施例1
一种透明高阻隔聚乙烯镀氧化铝薄膜及其制备方法，其结构为BOPE或MODPE聚乙烯薄膜基材、氧化铝镀膜层以及氧化铝表面上的保护涂层，共三层结构，BOPE或MODPE聚乙烯薄膜基材层厚度为10-40μm，氧化铝镀膜层厚度为0.01-0.02um。
其中，聚乙烯醇水性涂层配方如下所示(以百份计)：
物料 质量份数/份
聚乙烯醇树脂 15
脂族醛类化合物 2
流平剂 0.5
增粘剂 0.3
纳米无机物 2
热稳定剂和光稳定剂 0.05
表面活性剂 0.15
水 80
氧化铝镀膜层制备方法如下：电子束卷绕镀膜设备的电子束枪由电子束发生器和电子束引导系统组成。将BOPE或MODPE基材薄膜置放于真空室内，关闭真空室抽真空，当真空度达到4×10-4mba以上时，将蒸发舟升温至1400-1600℃，由阴极表面发射电子并朝阳极方向加速，接着由磁场聚焦电子束并把电子束向坩埚引导。在运行过程中电子束枪发射的高能电子束功率密度超过20KW/cm，电子束在装有纯度为99.9％的铝材料的坩埚上扫描直至铝完全熔化蒸发，同时通入纯度为99.9％的高纯氧，铝蒸汽和氧气发生反应生成氧化铝，在此过程中一个微波强等离子体和蒸汽云团反应，铝和氧气在薄膜基材表面反应并形成光滑的氧化铝镀层，镀层厚度为0.01-0.02um，采用闭环控制系统控制电子束的扫描路径，以确保薄膜基材上纵向和横向均匀的镀层。
保护涂层制备如下：将氧化铝镀膜层薄膜放在专用涂布设备将制得的聚乙烯醇水性涂布液均匀涂布在镀氧化铝膜后的聚乙烯薄膜表面作为保护层，涂层充分干燥后无需熟化处理，收卷或复卷后分切。
实施例2
相较于实施例1中区别在于聚乙烯醇水性涂层配方不同，其余步骤均相同，其中，聚乙烯醇水性涂层配方如下：
物料 质量份数
聚乙烯醇树脂 12
脂族醛类化合物 2
流平剂 0-3
增粘剂 0.5
纳米无机物 2
热稳定剂和光稳定剂 0.05
表面活性剂 0.15
水 83
本发明制得的产品性能如下所示：
性能 实施例1 实施例2 检测标准
透湿性g/(m<sup>2</sup>·24h) 3 3.3 GB/T 21529-2008
透氧性cm<sup>3</sup>/(m<sup>2</sup>·24h·0.1MPa) 0.5 0.43 GB/T 19789-2005
综上所述，本发明提供的透明高阻隔聚乙烯镀氧化铝薄膜，在透湿性和透氧性方面的性能在塑料包装领域仍具有较大的应用范围。
上述事实例仅为优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述事实例对本发明进行详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其部分技术特征进行同等替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则至内，所做的任何修改、同等替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种透明高阻隔聚乙烯镀氧化铝薄膜及其制备方法，其结构为BOPE或MODPE聚乙烯薄膜基材、氧化铝镀膜层以及氧化铝表面上的保护涂层，共三层结构，其特征在于，所述氧化铝镀膜层为1400-1600℃下，通过电子束卷绕镀膜设备的电子束枪将高纯度铝材料和高纯度氧的反应物真空蒸镀在BOPE或MODPE聚乙烯薄膜基材上形成氧化铝镀膜层，所述保护涂层为聚乙烯醇水性涂层，所述聚乙烯醇水性涂层包含：1％～20％的聚乙烯醇树脂，0.1％～20％的脂族醛类化合物，1％～30％的流平剂，1％～10％的增粘剂，0％～5％的纳米无机物，0％～2％的热稳定剂和光稳定剂，0％～2％的表面活性剂，和11％～96.9％的水，基于涂布液总重量计。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种透明高阻隔聚乙烯镀氧化铝薄膜及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述BOPE或MODPE聚乙烯薄膜基材层厚度为10-40μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种透明高阻隔聚乙烯镀氧化铝薄膜及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述氧化铝镀膜层厚度为0.01-0.02um。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种透明高阻隔聚乙烯镀氧化铝薄膜及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述聚乙烯醇水性涂层为保护涂层，所述聚乙烯醇水性涂层的固含量为6-15％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种透明高阻隔聚乙烯镀氧化铝薄膜及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述聚乙烯镀氧化铝薄膜制备方法如下：
(1)所述氧化铝镀膜层制备方法如下：电子束卷绕镀膜设备的电子束枪由电子束发生器和电子束引导系统组成。将BOPE或MODPE基材薄膜置放于真空室内，关闭真空室抽真空，当真空度达到4×10-4mba以上时，将蒸发舟升温至1400-1600℃，由阴极表面发射电子并朝阳极方向加速，接着由磁场聚焦电子束并把电子束向坩埚引导。在运行过程中电子束枪发射的高能电子束功率密度超过20KW/cm，电子束在装有纯度为99.9％的铝材料的坩埚上扫描直至铝完全熔化蒸发，同时通入纯度为99.9％的高纯氧，铝蒸汽和氧气发生反应生成氧化铝，在此过程中一个微波强等离子体和蒸汽云团反应，铝和氧气在薄膜基材表面反应并形成光滑的氧化铝镀膜层，氧化铝镀膜层厚度为0.01-0.02um，采用闭环控制系统控制电子束的扫描路径，以确保薄膜基材上纵向和横向均匀的镀层。
(2)将氧化铝镀膜层薄膜放在专用涂布设备将制得的聚乙烯醇水性涂布液均匀涂布在氧化铝镀膜层后的聚乙烯薄膜表面作为保护层，涂层充分干燥后无需熟化处理，收卷或复卷后分切。
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